Chapter 7Chapter 7Preventing Losses from Accidents Preventing Losses from Accidents

and Emergenciesand Emergencies

Accident ResponsibilityAccident Responsibility

Security managers are often responsible Security managers are often responsible for accident prevention programs as one for accident prevention programs as one means to prevent losses and protect means to prevent losses and protect assets.assets.

OSHAOSHA

Since the passage of OSHA, the security Since the passage of OSHA, the security function has gradually expanded to include function has gradually expanded to include specific safety responsibilities.specific safety responsibilities.

OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, was established to administer Administration, was established to administer the Occupational Safety and Health Act.the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

The Act seeks to ensure safe and healthful The Act seeks to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for every employee in the working conditions for every employee in the nation.nation.

OSHA Record RequirementsOSHA Record Requirements

Employers covered by the Acts are Employers covered by the Acts are required to:required to: (1) keep a log of all occupational injuries, (1) keep a log of all occupational injuries,

accidents and illnesses.accidents and illnesses. (2) compile an annual summary of the log’s (2) compile an annual summary of the log’s

information.information.

Accident Causes and PreventionsAccident Causes and Preventions

95% of all accidents (on or off the job) are 95% of all accidents (on or off the job) are caused by human error, especially lack of caused by human error, especially lack of safety consciousness.safety consciousness.

Accidents can be prevented by:Accidents can be prevented by: (1) removing hazards.(1) removing hazards. (2) using protective equipment.(2) using protective equipment. (3) making employees aware of hazards that (3) making employees aware of hazards that

cannot be removed.cannot be removed. (4) following good housekeeping practices.(4) following good housekeeping practices.

Civil Disturbances, Riots and Civil Disturbances, Riots and StrikesStrikes

In the event of civil disturbances, riots or In the event of civil disturbances, riots or strikes, the security manager is strikes, the security manager is responsible for maintaining order and responsible for maintaining order and protecting lives and assets.protecting lives and assets.

Bomb DefenseBomb Defense

Access control.Access control. Orderliness.Orderliness. Regular inspections.Regular inspections.

Bomb ThreatsBomb Threats

To be prepared for a bomb threat:To be prepared for a bomb threat: (1) teach personnel how to talk to person (1) teach personnel how to talk to person

making threat and whom to notify.making threat and whom to notify. (2) determine who makes decision on whether (2) determine who makes decision on whether

to evacuate and, if evacuation is necessary, to evacuate and, if evacuation is necessary, how personnel are to be informed and what how personnel are to be informed and what they are to do.they are to do.

(3) have a plan that specifies how to search (3) have a plan that specifies how to search for bomb and what to do if one is found.for bomb and what to do if one is found.

Bomb ThreatsBomb Threats

The receiver of a bomb threat should:The receiver of a bomb threat should: Keep the caller talking as long as possible.Keep the caller talking as long as possible. Try to learn as much as possible about bomb, Try to learn as much as possible about bomb,

especially when it will go off and where it is located.especially when it will go off and where it is located. Try to determine caller’s sex, age, accent and speech Try to determine caller’s sex, age, accent and speech

pattern, and whether the person is drugged or drunk.pattern, and whether the person is drugged or drunk. Listen for background noises.Listen for background noises. Immediately notify appropriate person(s) of call.Immediately notify appropriate person(s) of call.

Fire ElementsFire Elements

The fire triangle consists of 3 elements The fire triangle consists of 3 elements necessary for burning:necessary for burning: (1) heat.(1) heat. (2) fuel.(2) fuel. (3) oxygen.(3) oxygen.

Fire ClassificationFire Classification

The National Fire Protection Association has The National Fire Protection Association has established 4 classifications of fires:established 4 classifications of fires: Class A--ordinary combustible materials such as Class A--ordinary combustible materials such as

paper, packing boxes, wood and cloth.paper, packing boxes, wood and cloth. Class B--flammable liquids such as gasoline or oil.Class B--flammable liquids such as gasoline or oil. Class C--energized electrical installations, appliances Class C--energized electrical installations, appliances

and wiring.and wiring. Class D--combustible materials such as magnesium, Class D--combustible materials such as magnesium,

sodium and potassium (exotic metal fires).sodium and potassium (exotic metal fires).

Fire PreventionFire Prevention

Fires can be prevented by:Fires can be prevented by: (1) reducing fire-loading.(1) reducing fire-loading. (2) properly storing and handling flammable (2) properly storing and handling flammable

materials.materials. (3) enforcing no-smoking regulations.(3) enforcing no-smoking regulations. (4) using proper wiring.(4) using proper wiring. (5) following good housekeeping practices.(5) following good housekeeping practices.

Access controls can lesson the chance of Access controls can lesson the chance of arson.arson.

Fire EquipmentFire Equipment

Protection from fires is provided by:Protection from fires is provided by: (1) detectors and alarms.(1) detectors and alarms. (2) properly marked and sufficient exits, fire (2) properly marked and sufficient exits, fire

doors and fire escapes.doors and fire escapes. (3) fire-resistive safes and vaults.(3) fire-resistive safes and vaults. (4) fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems and (4) fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems and

an adequate, accessible water supply.an adequate, accessible water supply.

Fire DetectorsFire Detectors

Ionization detectors respond to invisible Ionization detectors respond to invisible particles of combustion.particles of combustion.

Photoelectric detectors respond to smoke.Photoelectric detectors respond to smoke. Infrared detectors respond to flame.Infrared detectors respond to flame. Thermal detectors respond to heat, usually Thermal detectors respond to heat, usually

temperatures in excess of 125 degrees F. temperatures in excess of 125 degrees F.

Water and Class A Fire Water and Class A Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers

These should never be used:These should never be used: (1) on energized electric equipment (Class C (1) on energized electric equipment (Class C

fires), because the electric charge can follow fires), because the electric charge can follow the water stream to the holder, causing the water stream to the holder, causing instant electrocution.instant electrocution.

(2) on a Class B fire, because it can splatter (2) on a Class B fire, because it can splatter the burning oil or gasoline, spreading the fire the burning oil or gasoline, spreading the fire to a larger area instead of extinguishing it.to a larger area instead of extinguishing it.

Fire Loss ProtectionsFire Loss Protections

Always call for help before attempting to Always call for help before attempting to extinguish a fire.extinguish a fire.

Teach employees what to do in case of a Teach employees what to do in case of a fire.fire.

Have and practice a plan for evacuation, Have and practice a plan for evacuation, shutting doors and windows and using shutting doors and windows and using stairs rather than elevators.stairs rather than elevators.

Responsibilities with a FireResponsibilities with a Fire

Security manager responsibilities with a Security manager responsibilities with a fire:fire: Have a plan, take charge and stay calm.Have a plan, take charge and stay calm. Take immediate action to protect lives first, Take immediate action to protect lives first,

assets second.assets second. Sound the alarm; alert fire department.Sound the alarm; alert fire department. Attempt to control blaze if not out of hand.Attempt to control blaze if not out of hand. Turn central air and machinery off, leave Turn central air and machinery off, leave

lights on.lights on.

More Fire ResponsibilitiesMore Fire Responsibilities

Close all doors and elevators.Close all doors and elevators. Ground all elevators.Ground all elevators. Provide traffic control.Provide traffic control. Direct fire fighters to location of fire.Direct fire fighters to location of fire. Time permitting, remove highly combustible Time permitting, remove highly combustible

stock and valuables.stock and valuables. Cover expensive merchandise or equipment, Cover expensive merchandise or equipment,

such as computers, with a tarp to prevent water such as computers, with a tarp to prevent water damage.damage.

Move company cars and other vehicles away.Move company cars and other vehicles away. Administer first aid.Administer first aid.

Natural Disaster PlansNatural Disaster Plans

Papi’s 4-step approach:Papi’s 4-step approach: (1) Risk assessment.(1) Risk assessment. (2) Prioritize risks.(2) Prioritize risks. (3) Prepare for various scenarios.(3) Prepare for various scenarios. (4) Prepare a recovery plan.(4) Prepare a recovery plan.

Natural disasters necessitating a Natural disasters necessitating a contingency plan might include floods, contingency plan might include floods, tornadoes, hurricanes and/or earthquakes.tornadoes, hurricanes and/or earthquakes.

Summary QuestionsSummary Questions

Why is accident prevention a security Why is accident prevention a security responsibility?responsibility?

What is OSHA and how does it relate to What is OSHA and how does it relate to private security? What record does OSHA private security? What record does OSHA require?require?

What causes the vast majority of What causes the vast majority of accidents? How can they be prevented or accidents? How can they be prevented or reduced?reduced?

Summary QuestionsSummary Questions

What is security’s role during civil What is security’s role during civil disturbances, riots and strikes?disturbances, riots and strikes?

What are the primary defenses against What are the primary defenses against bombs?bombs?

How can a bomb threat be prepared for? How can a bomb threat be prepared for? Received? Acted on?Received? Acted on?

What 3 elements are required for a fire to What 3 elements are required for a fire to occur?occur?

Summary QuestionsSummary Questions

How are fires classified?How are fires classified? How can fires be prevented?How can fires be prevented? What equipment can help protect lives and assets from What equipment can help protect lives and assets from

fire?fire? What types of fire detectors are available?What types of fire detectors are available? When should water and a Class A fire extinguisher not When should water and a Class A fire extinguisher not

be used?be used? What procedures help protect against loss by fire?What procedures help protect against loss by fire? What are the security manager’s responsibilities in the What are the security manager’s responsibilities in the

event of a fire?event of a fire? What natural disaster plans should be formulated?What natural disaster plans should be formulated?