Chapter 7Chapter 7The Web and E-mailThe Web and E-mail

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Chapter Contents Section A: Web Technology Section B: Search Engines Section C: E-commerce Section D: E-mail Section E: Web and E-mail Security

7SECTION A

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Web TechnologyWeb Technology Web Basics HTML HTTP Web Browsers Cookies Web Page Authoring HTML Scripts

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Web Basics The Web is a collection of document, image, video, and

sound files A Web site contains a collection of related information Podcasts RSS vs. Atom Videocasting Wiki Web 2.0

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Web Basics A Web server accepts requests from browsers A Web page is the product or output of one or more Web-

based files displayed in a format similar to a page in a book A Web browser is client software that displays Web page

elements and handles links between pages Every Web page has a unique address called a URL

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HTML Set of specifications for creating documents that a browser

can display as a Web page Markup language HTML tags XHTML DHTML Ajax

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HTTP

HTTP messages flow

between a browser and a Web server.

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Web Browsers Help you access Web pages Upgrade to new browser

versions as they become available

Popular browsers:– Internet Explorer– Mozilla Firefox– Apple Safari– Netscape Navigator– Opera– Chrome

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Web Browsers Helper applications extend browser’s ability to work with file

formats– A plug-in is a type of helper application– A player is any helper

application or plug-in that helps a browser display a particular file format

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Cookies Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored

in a text file on computer’s hard disk– Fix problems caused by HTTP’s stateless protocol– Relatively safe

Your computer does not have to accept cookies

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Web Page Authoring HTML conversion utility Online Web authoring tools Web authoring software

– Adobe Dreamweaver Text editor

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HTML Scripts HTML scripts can perform complicated tasks and respond to

user actions– HTML forms– Server-side script– Client-side script– Java applet– ActiveX control

Digital Certificate

7SECTION B

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Search EnginesSearch Engines Search Engine Basics Formulating Searches Citing Web-based Source Material

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Search Engine Basics A Web search engine is a program designed to help people

locate information on the Web by formulating simple keyword queries

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Search Engine Basics A Web crawler is a computer program that is automated to

methodically visit Web sites A search engine indexer is software that pulls keywords from

a Web page and stores them in a database A search engine’s query processor looks for your search

terms in search engine’s indexed database and returns a list of relevant Web sites

Link popularity is measured by quantity and quality of links from one Web page to others

A meta keyword is entered into a header section of a Web page when it is created and is supposed to describe the page contents– Keyword stuffing

7 Formulating Searches Most search engines work

with keyword queries in which you enter one or more words, called search terms

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Formulating Searches A Boolean operator is a word or symbol that describes a

relationship between keywords, helping you create a more focused query

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Citing Web-Based Source Material

To copy a passage of textfrom a Web page, highlightthe text, click the Editmenu, then select Copy.Next, switch to your owndocument and use thePaste option.

7 Citing Web-Based Source Material

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7SECTION C

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E-commerceE-commerce E-commerce Basics Online Shopping Online Auctions Online Payment

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E-commerce Basics Business transactions conducted

electronically over a computer network– B2C (business-to-consumer)– C2C (consumer-to-consumer)– B2B (business-to-business)– B2G (business-to-government)

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E-commerce Basics Enhances traditional business models Styles of online advertisements

– Banner ad– Hover ad– Pop-up ad

• Click-through rate Ad-blocking software

prevents ads from appearing on screens

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Online Shopping

In a typical shoppingsession, you connect toan online storefront anduse navigation controlsto browse through themerchant’s catalog. Asyou browse, you candrop items into yourelectronic shopping cart.At the checkout counter,you enter the informationnecessary to pay for theitems you selected.

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7 Shopping Carts

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Online Auctions An online auction is the

electronic equivalent to good old-fashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and auctions

You can expect to bid on new, used, closeout, overstock, or refurbished items at an online auction

Computer software takes the place of an auctioneer

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Online Payment The most popular ways to make online payments include

submitting your credit card number directly to a merchant and using a third-party payment service such as PayPal

Online shoppers are justifiably worried that personal information and credit card numbers supplied in the course of an e-commerce transaction might be hijacked and used inappropriately

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Online Payment A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted between

your computer and a Web site• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)• TLS (Transport Layer Security)• S-HTTP (secure HTTP)

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Online Payment Person-to-person payments

are an alternative to credit cards– The payment service is

the only entity that sees your credit card number

An electronic wallet is software that stores billing and shipping information

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Online Payment

An electronic wallet can transfer your billing and shipping information to aparticipating site’se-commerce Web server when you check out.

7SECTION D

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E-mailE-mail E-mail Overview Netiquette E-mail Technology

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E-Mail Overview Any person with an e-mail account can send and receive e-

mail messages

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E-Mail Overview Basic e-mail activities

– Writing– Reading– Replying to– Forwarding

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E-Mail Overview E-mail attachments are files that travel with an e-mail

message– E-mail software converts e-mail attachments to MIME

HTML-compliant e-mail software Additional e-mail features

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Netiquette Internet etiquette

– Meaningful subject– Use uppercase and lowercase letters– Check spelling– Be careful what you send– Be polite– Be cautious with sarcasm and humor

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Netiquette– Use smileys and text

messaging shorthand cautiously

– Use the Bcc function for group mailings

– Don’t send replies to all recipients

– Don’t send huge attachments– Explain attachments– Stay alert for viruses– Notify recipients of viruses

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E-mail Technology E-mail systems carry and manipulate e-mail messages

– E-mail servers– Based on store-and-forward technology

Three types of e-mail systems widely used today:– POP– IMAP– Web-based e-mail

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E-mail Technology Web-based e-mail accounts allow you to use a browser to

access your e-mail messages

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E-mail Technology A POP server is a

computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk– E-mail client software– SMTP server

7SECTION E

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Web and E-mail SecurityWeb and E-mail Security

Cookie Exploits Spam Phishing Fake Sites

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Cookie Exploits An ad-serving cookie can track your activities at any site

containing banner ads from a third party

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Cookie Exploits A Flash cookie, also called a local shared object, is the Flash

equivalent of a conventional Web cookie A Web bug or clear GIF is typically a 1x1 pixel graphic

embedded in a Web page or e-mail message. It is almost invisible due to its size and is designed to track who’s reading the Web page or e-mail message

Antispyware is a type of security software designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs, ad-serving cookies, and other spyware

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Cookie Exploits Individuals who prefer not

to leave a trail of their Internet activities surf through an anonymous proxy service, which uses an intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page requests after masking the originating IP address

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Spam Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail about medical

products, low-cost loans, and fake software upgrades that arrives in your online mailbox

A spam filter is a type of utility software that captures unsolicited e-mail messages before they reach your inbox

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Spam

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Phishing Phishing is an e-mail based scam designed to persuade you

to reveal confidential information, such as your bank account number or Social Security number

If you don’t want to become a phishing victim, be suspicious of e-mail messages that supposedly come from banks, ISPs, online payment services, operating system publishers, and online merchants

7 Fake Sites A fake Web site looks

legitimate, but has been created by a third party to be a very clever replica of a legitimate Web site

Pharming is an exploit that redirects users to fake sites by poisoning a domain name server with a false IP address

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7 Fake Sites

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Chapter 7 CompleteChapter 7 CompleteThe Web and E-mailThe Web and E-mail