Chapter 7.2

Rome Expands Its

Borders

Rome Fights Carthage*Mid 200’s B.C. –

Rome and Carthage come into conflict

*Carthage – City on the coast of N. Africa

Carthage

* Commercial power* Had interests in Sicily* Feared Rome wanted Sicily* Rome feared Carthaginian navy wanted to control the Mediterranean

Carthage vs. Rome* Conflict over Sicily led to the Punic Wars -Rome vs. Carthage-3 costly wars

First Punic War*Began 264 B.C. lasted 23 yrs.

*Rome – No navy to start war*Quickly developed navy from captured Carthaginian boat

*Added landing bridges to ships to take enemies ships

First Punic War: Results*Carthage asked for peace

treaty*Rome forced Carthage to pay huge war reparations (repay money)

*Romans control Sicily

Second Punic War*218 – 202 B.C.*Hannibal: Great Carthaginian general

*Assembled huge army in Spain-Included soldiers, horses and war Elephants

*Marched through Alps Italy-Many soldiers died

Hannibal

Second Punic War*Roman Legions no match for Hannibal: retreat

*Hannibal: not equipped to attack Roman cities-Destroyed countryside-Romans: Remained loyal to Rome

Second Punic War*Rome invades Africa and threatens Carthage-Hannibal ordered home

*Scipio – Great Roman General

*Defeated Hannibal: Battle of Zama

Scipio

Second Punic War: Results*Punishment of Carthage

-pay war reparations again-Had to give up navy & Spanish colonies

-Lost majority of its power to Rome

*Rome: most powerful in Western Mediterranean

Third Punic War

*Carthage: not a threat to Rome-still hated

*149 B.C. – Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage-Siege on city

Third Punic War: Results•146 B.C. – Carthage

eliminated for good•Rome: Superpower of the Med. Sea

Problems with Expansion*Expanding size of Rome =

changes in government*Senate: controls army/foreign policy

*New provinces governed loosely

Problems with Expansion*Conquered people:

subjects of Rome.-not citizens

~Overtaxed~poorly governed~mistreated

Domestic Problems*B/c of Punic Wars: Farms destroyed-Import grain from territories

*Farmers: No money: sold farms and moved to the city-Many could not find work

Domestic Problems

*Equites – new social class-Business people: gain money from trade

*Social gap: -Rich=richer-Poor=poorer

Spartacus•Slave who lead a

revolt in 73 B.C.•70,000 Slaves

participated•Romans: put down

revolt in two years•Spartacus: died in

battle