Chapter 8 Chapter 8 8.1 How Organisms Obtain 8.1 How Organisms Obtain

EnergyEnergy8.2 Photosynthesis8.2 Photosynthesis

8.3 Cellular Respiration8.3 Cellular Respiration

Comprehension CheckHow many characteristics of living

things can you remember?

Which characteristic is related to this chapter?

All Organisms Need EnergyAll Organisms Need Energy All organisms require energy to live. There are All organisms require energy to live. There are

two main ways to obtain this necessary energy:two main ways to obtain this necessary energy:

Autotrophs: Make their own sugar from sunlight and then Autotrophs: Make their own sugar from sunlight and then convert that sugar into energyconvert that sugar into energy

Heterotrophs: Have to eat food to get sugar and then convert Heterotrophs: Have to eat food to get sugar and then convert that sugar into energythat sugar into energy

AUTOTROPHSAUTOTROPHS

HETEROTROPHSHETEROTROPHS

Connection Photosynthesis and Connection Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration

Metabolism: all of the Metabolism: all of the chemical reactions that chemical reactions that take place in your cellstake place in your cells

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis reaction that takes place in reaction that takes place in

plant cellsplant cells sunlight is stored as energy sunlight is stored as energy

in sugarin sugar

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration reaction that takes place in reaction that takes place in

all living thingsall living things Sugar is converted into Sugar is converted into

energy that the organism energy that the organism can usecan use

Cells use EnergyCells use Energy- Cells find energy by breaking bonds in a - Cells find energy by breaking bonds in a

very special molecule called . . .very special molecule called . . .

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATEADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

ATPATP~~

Overview of PhotosynthesisOverview of Photosynthesis

Definition: The process Definition: The process in which plants use in which plants use the energy of the energy of sunlight to convert sunlight to convert water and carbon water and carbon dioxide into sugar dioxide into sugar and oxygen and oxygen

Location: ChloroplastsLocation: Chloroplasts

CO2 + H20 C6H12O6 + 02

Cells AStudent placed a freshwater aquarium containing aquatic plants in a laboratory window and monitored oxygen levels in the water from early morning to noon. They observed a steady rise in dissolved oxygen levels from morning until noon. What is the best explanation for this observation?

a. The sunlight increased the temperature resulting in more oxygen exchange between the air and water.

b. The plants began photosynthesis resulting in less oxygen use by the plants.

c. The plants began photosynthesis resulting in oxygen release from the plants.

d. There were fish in the water that released oxygen from their gills.

Cells AStudent placed a freshwater aquarium containing aquatic plants in a laboratory window and monitored oxygen levels in the water from early morning to noon. They observed a steady rise in dissolved oxygen levels from morning until noon. What is the best explanation for this observation?

a. The sunlight increased the temperature resulting in more oxygen exchange between the air and water.

b. The plants began photosynthesis resulting in less oxygen use by the plants.

c. The plants began photosynthesis resulting in oxygen release from the plants.

d. There were fish in the water that released oxygen from their gills.

Pigments in plants Pigments in plants Why do leaves appear as different colors?Why do leaves appear as different colors?

PigmentsPigments: proteins that trap light energy from the sun: proteins that trap light energy from the sun

Major PigmentMajor Pigment Chlorophyll : greenChlorophyll : green

Accessory PigmentsAccessory Pigments Carotenoid: orangeCarotenoid: orange Xanthophyll: yellow Xanthophyll: yellow

ChromatographyChromatography http://www.uwplatt.edu/chemep/chem/chemsc

ape/labdocs/catofp/chromato/tlc/video/01064128.mov

Can be used to separate Can be used to separate plant pigments based on plant pigments based on their molecular sizetheir molecular size

RRff Values: Values: Distance Pigment Moved Distance Pigment Moved

(mm)(mm)

Distance Solvent Moved Distance Solvent Moved (mm)(mm)

Comprehension CheckWhat types of organisms need

energy?

What types of organisms can make their own energy?

What type of energy do cells (our bodies) use?

Cellular Respiration:Cellular Respiration:

DEFINITION: DEFINITION: Cells of all living organisms using sugar to make ATP

All living organisms go through this process All living organisms go through this process (remember characteristics of life . . . Require (remember characteristics of life . . . Require energy!)energy!)

Location: Location: MitochondriaMitochondria

FACT:FACT: A working muscle cell converts ADP to A working muscle cell converts ADP to ATP at a rate of 10 million molecules per ATP at a rate of 10 million molecules per second.second.

606022 + C + C66HH12120066 6CO 6CO22 +6H +6H22O +EnergyO +Energy

Cells BA scientist is using transparent (light-penetrating) bottles are opaque

(light-blocking) bottle to measure the productivity of algae pond water. Equal amounts of pond water are put in both bottles, which are then capped. They are then placed in the pond at a depth of 0.5 meters at 6:00am. The pond water was collected at 10:00am the same day. Which of the following results is the scientist likely to observe?

a. The transparent bottle has a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than the opaque bottle.

b. The transparent bottle has a lower concentration of dissolved oxygen than the opaque bottle.

c. The total phosphorus concentration will be greater than the transparent bottle.

d. The total phosphorus concentration will be greater in the opaque bottle.

Cells BA scientist is using transparent (light-penetrating) bottles are opaque

(light-blocking) bottle to measure the productivity of algae pond water. Equal amounts of pond water are put in both bottles, which are then capped. They are then placed in the pond at a depth of 0.5 meters at 6:00am. The pond water was collected at 10:00am the same day. Which of the following results is the scientist likely to observe?

a. The transparent bottle has a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than the opaque bottle.

b. The transparent bottle has a lower concentration of dissolved oxygen than the opaque bottle.

c. The total phosphorus concentration will be greater than the transparent bottle.

d. The total phosphorus concentration will be greater in the opaque bottle.

There are 2 Types of Cellular There are 2 Types of Cellular Respiration:Respiration:

1.1. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Making ATP using oxygenMaking ATP using oxygen

2. Anaerobic Respiration2. Anaerobic Respiration– Making ATP without oxygenMaking ATP without oxygen– Creates a byproduct Creates a byproduct

Alcohol: Yeast, Some BacteriaAlcohol: Yeast, Some BacteriaLactic acid: Humans Lactic acid: Humans

Comprehension CheckTake a clothespin from your teacher and squeeze it

between your thumb and pointer finger for 60 seconds

Describe how your hand feels after 60 seconds.

How are the cells in your fingers making energy from sugar right now?

What would be happening if you were running around the room while doing this activity?

Comparing Cellular Respiration to PhotosynthesisComparing Cellular Respiration to Photosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration (AEROBIC)(AEROBIC)

FunctionFunction

LocationLocation

ReactantsReactants

ProductsProducts

EquationEquation

Comparing Cellular Respiration to PhotosynthesisComparing Cellular Respiration to Photosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration (AEROBIC)(AEROBIC)

FunctionFunctionProduce GlucoseProduce Glucose Produce ATPProduce ATP

LocationLocationChloroplastsChloroplasts MitochondriaMitochondria

ReactantsReactantsCarbon DioxideCarbon DioxideWaterWater

GlucoseGlucoseOxygenOxygen

ProductsProductsGlucose Glucose OxygenOxygen

Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideWaterWater

EquationEquation 6CO6CO22+6H+6H2200 C C66HH1212OO66+ 60+ 6022 602 + C6H1206 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP