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Chapter 8Chapter 8Chapter 8Chapter 8
Ancient ChinaAncient ChinaAncient ChinaAncient China
The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty
From the early settlements along the Huang He River, the Shang kingdom rose to dominate a large part of the region.
The language and culture of the Shang would have a lasting influence in all of China
Rising SettlementsRising Settlements
Farming villages grew along the Huang He River
In these villages, people used stone tools and made pottery and silk cloth
There were chiefs who organized workers and commanded warriors
Some chiefs led warriors to attack and capture nearby villages
Monday, February 10, Monday, February 10, 20142014
Homework: sign and return chapter 7 quizzes / page 260 rise and fall of dynasties
Do Now: Take out notes started Friday
Founding the Shang Founding the Shang dynastydynasty
Around 1700 BC, a kingdom began to expand founding the Shang dynasty
This dynasty lasted about 600 years
This is the earliest dynasty we have written records for
GovernmentGovernment
Strong rulers ran the government
Power stayed within the family
Brother to brother, from youngest brother to oldest son
Leaders organized groups of farmers to clear and prepare new land
With large groups, more crops were grown. With more crops, more troops could be supported
The Shang attacked neighboring lands and grew greatly. They grew rich and built walls around
WritingWriting
The earliest written records from China are on oracle bones from the Shang dynasty
Animal bones or turtle shells carved with written characters used to tell the future
Questions are written on the bones which were heated until cracked - the crack was interpreted by the king or priest
Oracle bonesOracle bones
Oracle bones were also used to record important records and events related to their questions.
The Shang did not use an alphabet, instead they used pictographs
By 1300 BC, they developed a writing system
Bronze MetalworkingBronze Metalworking
Shang artisans created pottery and jade carvings, but are most known for their bronze metalwork.
These objects include finely decorated pots, cups, and weapons
The Shang used bronze in religious ceremonies offering food and wine to their gods and ancestors
Page 258 Key Terms
The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty
A lot of what we know about the fall of the Shang is written about the Zhou dynasty
Around 1050 BC the Zhou overthrew the Shang
Shang rulers grew corrupt and governed badly so warriors refused to fight
The Zhou justified their victory over the Shang because they declared that heaven supported change in leadership and that it bestowed on them the Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven permitted a leader to seize control by force, if necessary
Victory served as proof that heaven supported change in leadership
To stay in power, the rulers of a new dynasty would have to act virtuously - serve the interests of the people
Losing the Mandate of Losing the Mandate of HeavenHeaven
If a dynasty lost its Mandate of Heaven, omens such as uprisings and natural disasters would occur
Government under the Government under the ZhouZhou
The Zhou king kept control of his large kingdom because he placed family members in charge of individual regions
Overtime, the ties between the local nobles and the king weakened
In 771 BC, a group of nobles joined nomadic invaders to try to overthrow the king
Weakened PowerWeakened Power
With help of other nobles, the Zhou survived the attack
HOWEVER the power of the king decreased - they became dependent on the nobles who had helped them stay in power
States that had once been part of the Zhou kingdom began to rule independently and fighting broke out between warlords of the smaller states
Tuesday, February 11, Tuesday, February 11, 20142014
•Homework:
–Poster due Friday
–Chapter 8 test Friday
•Do Now: Open to your notes from yesterday
The Warring StatesThe Warring States
In the latter part of the Zhou dynasty, minor battles began to escalate to full warfare
This time period became known as the Warring States period which lasted about 250 years
Read page 260-261, Describe the Zhou society
Spiritual TraditionsSpiritual Traditions
Some ancient Chinese viewed Earth as a flat square, with Heaven stretching above
Both heaven and earth were populated with spirits
Heaven was viewed as a home for the spirits of sun, moon, strs, and storms
Spirits: Good & BadSpirits: Good & Bad
Good spirits made the rains fall and the crops grow, helped sailors travel safely and they brought happiness
Harmful Spirits made it unsafe to walk the roads at night. They may hide in a house bringing bad luck
During festivals, people used loud sounds to frighten evil spirits away
Honoring AncestorsHonoring Ancestors
The most important spirits to many ancient Chinese were their ancestors
They believed that family members lived on after death
They needed to be provided and cared for
The key to a good relationship was for the living to honor the dead
Poster DirectionsPoster Directions• You will be assigned either Confucianism or Daoism
• You are to complete the given worksheet comparing two viewpoints (Confucius and Laotzi) and then create a poster representing the goal of the philosophy
–Your poster should include the actions that will achieve the goal, the view of the government and authority, the view of education, and the view of the individual
–Your poster must also include a personal philosophical saying that would shape a solution to a current problem