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Chapter 8: DHCP · as a DHCPv4 server. To set up DHCP: 1. Exclude addresses from the pool. 2. Set...

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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 1 Chapter 8: DHCP Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
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  • © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

    Chapter 8: DHCP

    Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0

  • Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Chapter 8 - Sections & Objectives

    8.1 DHCPv4

    • Explain how DHCPv4 operates in a small- to medium-sized business network.

    • Configure a router as a DHCPv4 server.

    • Configure a router as a DHCPv4 client.

    • Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv4 in a switched network.

    8.2 DHCPv6

    • Explain the operation of DHCPv6.

    • Configure stateless DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.

    • Configure stateful DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.

    • Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv6 in a switched network.

  • © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3

    8.1 DHCPv4

  • Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    Introducing DHCPv4

    � DHCPv4:

    � assigns IPv4 addresses and other network configuration information dynamically

    � useful and timesaving tool for network administrators

    � dynamically assigns, or leases, an IPv4 address from a pool of addresses

    � A Cisco router can be configured to provide DHCPv4 services.

    � Administrators configure DHCPv4 servers so that leases expire. Then the client must ask for another address, although the client is typically reassigned the same address.

  • Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    DHCPv4 Operation

  • Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    DHCPv4 Operation (cont.)

  • Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    DHCPv4 Message Format

  • Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    DHCPv4 Discover and Offer Messages

  • Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    DHCPv4 Operation

    DHCPv4 Discover and Offer Messages (cont.)

  • Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Server

    Configure a Basic DHCPv4 ServerA Cisco router running the Cisco IOS software can be configured to act as a DHCPv4 server. To set up DHCP:

    1. Exclude addresses from the pool.

    2. Set up the DHCP pool name.

    3. Define the range of addresses and subnet mask. Use the default-router command for the default gateway. Optional

    parameters that can be included in the pool – dns server, domain-name.

    To disable DHCP, use the no service dhcp command.

  • Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Server

    Verifying DHCPv4

    � Commands to verify DHCP: show running-config | section dhcp

    show ip dhcp binding

    show ip dhcp server statistics

    � On the PC, issue the ipconfig /all command.

  • Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Server

    DHCPv4 Relay

  • Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Server

    DHCPv4 Relay (cont.)

    � Using an IP helper address enables a router to forward DHCPv4 broadcasts to the DHCPv4 server. Acting as a relay.

  • Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Client

    Configuring a Router as a DHCPv4 client

  • Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Configure DHCPv4 Client

    Configuring a Wireless Router as a DHCPv4 Client

  • Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv4

    Troubleshooting Tasks

  • Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv4

    Verify Router DHCPv4 Configuration

  • Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv4

    Debugging DHCPv4

    � The figure shows an extended ACL permitting only packets with UDP destination ports of 67 or 68. These are the typical ports used by DHCPv4 clients and servers when sending DHCPv4 messages. The extended ACL is used with the debug ip packet command to

    display only DHCPv4 messages.

  • © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 19

    8.2 DHCPv6

  • Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    Stateless Address Autoconfiguration(SLAAC)

    � SLAAC uses ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages to provide addressing and other configuration information that would normally be provided by a DHCP server:

  • Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    SLAAC Operation

    � A router must have IPv6 routing enabled before it can send RA messages: Router(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing

  • Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

  • Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    SLAAC Option

    � SLAAC is the default option on Cisco routers. Both the M flag and the O flag are set to 0 in the RA, as shown in the figure.

  • Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    Stateless DHCPv6 Option

    � To modify the RA message sent on the interface of a router to indicate stateless DHCPv6, use the following command: Router(config-if)# ipv6 nd other-config-flag

  • Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    Stateful DHCPv6 Option

    � This option is the most similar to DHCPv4. In this case, the RA message informs the client not to use the information in the RA message. All addressing information and configuration information must be obtained from a stateful DHCPv6 server. Router(config-if)# ipv6 ndmanaged-config-flag

  • Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    SLAAC and DHCPv6

    DHCPv6 Operations

    If stateless or statefulDHCPv6 is indicated in the RA message, then

    the device begins DHCPv6 client/server

    communications.

  • Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateless DHCPv6

    Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Server

  • Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateless DHCPv6

    Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Client

  • Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateless DHCPv6

    Verifying Stateless DHCPv6

    Verify the stateless DHCP client using the following commands:

    � show ipv6 interface

    � debug ipv6 dhcp detail

  • Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server

  • Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server (cont.)

  • Presentation_ID 32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Client

  • Presentation_ID 33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    Verifying Stateful DHCPv6

  • Presentation_ID 34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6 Server

    Verifying Stateful DHCPv6 (cont.)

  • Presentation_ID 35© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Stateful DHCPv6

    Configuring a Router as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent

  • Presentation_ID 36© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv6

    Troubleshooting Tasks

  • Presentation_ID 37© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv6

    Verify Router DHCPv6 Configuration

  • Presentation_ID 38© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    Troubleshooting DHCPv6

    Debugging DHCPv6

  • © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 39

    8.3 Summary

  • Presentation_ID 40© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

    � Explain how DHCPv4 operates in a small- to medium-sized business network.

    � Configure a router as a DHCPv4 server.

    � Configure a router as a DHCPv4 client.

    � Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv4 in a switched network.

    � Explain the operation of DHCPv6.

    � Configure stateless DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.

    � Configure stateful DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.

    � Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv6 in a switched network.

    Chapter Summary

    Summary

  • Presentation_ID 41© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential


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