CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 8 MAN OVERBOARDMAN OVERBOARD

MAN OVERBOARDMAN OVERBOARD

A major concern of maritime A major concern of maritime operations is recovering operations is recovering personnel who have fallen personnel who have fallen overboard and safely overboard and safely transferring them from the transferring them from the water to the deck of a boat water to the deck of a boat or hatch of a lifeboat. or hatch of a lifeboat. Several recovery systems Several recovery systems are demonstrated.are demonstrated.

Recovery should not exceed Recovery should not exceed 6 to 8 minutes6 to 8 minutes

MAN OVERBOARDMAN OVERBOARD

Several recovery Several recovery techniques are techniques are demonstrated along with demonstrated along with vessel approach vessel approach

techniquestechniques such as thesuch as the

Williamson method. Williamson method.

Procedures for marking the Procedures for marking the location of personnel in location of personnel in

the water with a flare or life-the water with a flare or life-ring are discussed alongring are discussed along

with alternative rescue with alternative rescue methods.methods.

MAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOBMAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOB

• The Man Over Board (MOB) The Man Over Board (MOB) function is a common function is a common feature for marine GPS feature for marine GPS units. units.

• If a person falls overboard, If a person falls overboard, the skipper uses this the skipper uses this function to immediately function to immediately mark the current location. mark the current location.

• The GPS goes into a "Goto" The GPS goes into a "Goto" mode and directs the mode and directs the skipper back to the point skipper back to the point where the button was where the button was pressedpressed.

MAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOBMAN OVERBOARD / GPS MOB

MOB / DIFFERENT SITUATIONSMOB / DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

« Immediate action » situation« Immediate action » situationCasualty is noticed on the bridge and action is Casualty is noticed on the bridge and action is initiated immediatelyinitiated immediately

""Delayed action" situationDelayed action" situationCasualty is reported to the bridge by an eye witness Casualty is reported to the bridge by an eye witness and action is initiated with some delayand action is initiated with some delay

"Person missing" situation"Person missing" situationPerson is reported to the bridge as "missing"Person is reported to the bridge as "missing"

IMMEDIATE ACTIONIMMEDIATE ACTION

• First reaction: throw a lifebuoy with light in the First reaction: throw a lifebuoy with light in the direction of the person overboard / call the bridge /direction of the person overboard / call the bridge /

• Shout: « man overboard »Shout: « man overboard »

BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVREBOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

Rudder hard over (in an Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" "immediate action" situation, only to the side of situation, only to the side of the casualty)the casualty)

After deviation from the After deviation from the original course by 60º, original course by 60º, rudder hard over to the rudder hard over to the opposite side.opposite side.

When heading 20º short of When heading 20º short of opposite course, rudder to opposite course, rudder to midship position and ship to midship position and ship to be turned to opposite course be turned to opposite course

SINGLE TURNSINGLE TURN

Rudder hard over (in an Rudder hard over (in an "immediate action" "immediate action" situation, only to the side of situation, only to the side of the casualty) .the casualty) .

After deviation from the After deviation from the original course by 250º, original course by 250º, rudder to midship position rudder to midship position and stopping manoeuvre to and stopping manoeuvre to

be initiatedbe initiated. .

SCHARNOW TURNSCHARNOW TURN

Rudder hard overRudder hard overAfter deviation from the After deviation from the

original course by 240º, original course by 240º, rudder hard over to the rudder hard over to the opposite side.opposite side.

When heading 20º short of When heading 20º short of opposite course, rudder to opposite course, rudder to midship position so that midship position so that ship will turn to opposite ship will turn to opposite course.course.

IMMEDIATE ACTION SITUATIONIMMEDIATE ACTION SITUATION

SINGLE TURN will take the ship back to SINGLE TURN will take the ship back to the scene of the casualty most quickly.the scene of the casualty most quickly.

WILLIAMSON TURN requires more time WILLIAMSON TURN requires more time and will temporarily take the ship farther and will temporarily take the ship farther away from the scene of the casualty.away from the scene of the casualty.

SCHARNOW TURN is not appropriate.SCHARNOW TURN is not appropriate.

DELAYED ACTION SITUATIONDELAYED ACTION SITUATION

WILLIAMSON TURN will take the ship to the scene of WILLIAMSON TURN will take the ship to the scene of the casualty most surely (When the ship has reached the casualty most surely (When the ship has reached the manoeuvre commencement point, search speed the manoeuvre commencement point, search speed must be reduced so as to enable fast stopping)must be reduced so as to enable fast stopping)

SCHARNOW TURN cannot be carried out effectively SCHARNOW TURN cannot be carried out effectively unless the time elapsed between the occurrence of the unless the time elapsed between the occurrence of the casualty and the commencement of the manoeuvre is casualty and the commencement of the manoeuvre is known.known.

MISSING PERSON SITUATIONMISSING PERSON SITUATION

• Both WILLIAMSON TURN and SCHARNOW TURN take Both WILLIAMSON TURN and SCHARNOW TURN take ship back into her wake. Less distance is covered, and ship back into her wake. Less distance is covered, and thus time is saved, with SCHARNOW TURN.thus time is saved, with SCHARNOW TURN.

When ship on opposite course after carrying out When ship on opposite course after carrying out SCHARNOW TURN, the manoeuvre commencement point SCHARNOW TURN, the manoeuvre commencement point will be some ship's lengths behind her stern. Between one will be some ship's lengths behind her stern. Between one and two nautical miles may be saved. and two nautical miles may be saved.

Standard man-overboard manoeuvres are not guaranteed Standard man-overboard manoeuvres are not guaranteed to return a ship into its wake: should be regularly practiced to return a ship into its wake: should be regularly practiced to account for the particular ship characteristics and the to account for the particular ship characteristics and the effects of environmental conditions on the ship and the effects of environmental conditions on the ship and the person in the water. person in the water.

MISSING PERSON SITUATIONMISSING PERSON SITUATION

Comparison between Williamson Comparison between Williamson and Scharnow and Scharnow For Scharnow: For Scharnow: time between time between casualty and start of manœuvrecasualty and start of manœuvremust be knownmust be known

BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVREBOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVREBOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVREBOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

RemarksRemarks• First heading change: between 40° and 70° - First heading change: between 40° and 70° -

depending on the ship’s manoeuvring depending on the ship’s manoeuvring characteristics (for VLCC: 40°)characteristics (for VLCC: 40°)

• Second heading change: 180° + value of first Second heading change: 180° + value of first heading changeheading change

• Engine revs to be mofified after 2nd heading changeEngine revs to be mofified after 2nd heading change• Anticipate with counter-rudder due to momentum of Anticipate with counter-rudder due to momentum of

the shipthe ship• Effects of wind and current will alter the curveEffects of wind and current will alter the curve• Stop the vessel ot windward of the victimStop the vessel ot windward of the victim

BOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVREBOUTAKOV (WILLIAMSON) MANOEUVRE

AdvantageAdvantage• Auto-recoveryAuto-recovery• Ideal with reduced visibilityIdeal with reduced visibility

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• Great distance between victim and ship during the Great distance between victim and ship during the

turnturn• Victim pass behind the stern from Ps (Sb) to other Victim pass behind the stern from Ps (Sb) to other

side: lost from viewside: lost from view• The slowest MOB manœuvre: between 6 and 12 The slowest MOB manœuvre: between 6 and 12

minutes: minutes: victim remain 15 minutes in the watervictim remain 15 minutes in the water

SINGLE TURNSINGLE TURN

RemarksRemarks• « Immediate action » « Immediate action »

manœuvremanœuvre• Change of heading: between Change of heading: between

250° and 300° due to the 250° and 300° due to the momentum of the shipmomentum of the ship

• Duration: between 4 and 7 Duration: between 4 and 7 minutesminutes

• Revs to be modified at the Revs to be modified at the end of the turnend of the turn

• Trials recommandedTrials recommanded• Stop the vessel to windward Stop the vessel to windward

of the victimof the victim

Williamson turnWilliamson turn

versusversus

Single turnSingle turn

Under favourable dailight conditionsUnder favourable dailight conditionsA simple round turn is the best wayA simple round turn is the best wayTo get back to a man overboard in aTo get back to a man overboard in aHurry.Hurry.

SCHARNOW TURNSCHARNOW TURN

AdvantagesAdvantages• Auto-recovery: ship is brought Auto-recovery: ship is brought

back on opposite courseback on opposite course• Victim always in view of Victim always in view of

rescue team on the bridgerescue team on the bridge• Time needed is shorter than Time needed is shorter than

BoutakovBoutakov

DisadvantageDisadvantage

• Not an « immediate action » Not an « immediate action » manoeuvremanoeuvre

ADDITIONAL MANOEUVRESADDITIONAL MANOEUVRES

• Stop the vessel and full asternStop the vessel and full astern

• Double TurnDouble Turn

• Single Delayed Turn Single Delayed Turn

STOP THE VESSEL AND FULL ASTERNSTOP THE VESSEL AND FULL ASTERN

AdvantagesAdvantages• « immediate action » manoeuvre« immediate action » manoeuvre• Recommanded whith limited initial speed Recommanded whith limited initial speed • Brings the ship faster on the sceneBrings the ship faster on the scene

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• With single screw ships: transverse thrust will turn With single screw ships: transverse thrust will turn

the shipthe ship• Wind effects will alter the manœuvreWind effects will alter the manœuvre• Only with motor ships / turbine ships are too slow to Only with motor ships / turbine ships are too slow to

reversereverse• Momentum of big ships Momentum of big ships

DOUBLE TURNDOUBLE TURN

DOUBLE TURNDOUBLE TURN

« immediate action » manœuvre« immediate action » manœuvre• English variant:English variant:

- First 180° change of headingFirst 180° change of heading- Ship back on opposite courseShip back on opposite course- Start 2nd heading change when victim on three point Start 2nd heading change when victim on three point

athwartshipsathwartships- Reduce revs and approach at windwardReduce revs and approach at windward

- Dutch variant:Dutch variant:- Start 2nd heading change when actual speed = initial speedStart 2nd heading change when actual speed = initial speed

Some sources recommand this manœuvre with beam Some sources recommand this manœuvre with beam winds winds ↔ Boutakov with stern winds↔ Boutakov with stern winds

SINGLE DELAYED TURNSINGLE DELAYED TURN

SINGLE DELAYED TURNSINGLE DELAYED TURN

This is an « immediate action » manoeuvreThis is an « immediate action » manoeuvre

ProcedureProcedure• Ship keeps her initial heading for one mileShip keeps her initial heading for one mile• Start of turning circleStart of turning circle• Stabilize vessel when new heading = Stabilize vessel when new heading = initial heading + 180° + tangent of tactical diameterinitial heading + 180° + tangent of tactical diameter in milesin miles

ExampleExample: for a tactical diameter of 0,364 : for a tactical diameter of 0,364 → 200° → 200° change of headingchange of heading

MAN OVERBOARDMAN OVERBOARD

RemarksRemarks

• always stops vessel at windward: stopped vessel always stops vessel at windward: stopped vessel drifts faster than man in waterdrifts faster than man in water

• A man losses consciousness after 15 minutes in A man losses consciousness after 15 minutes in water at 5° water at 5°

• 1st approach must always succeed1st approach must always succeed

AUDIBLE SIGNAL WITH SIREN

OSCAROSCAR

_ _ __ _ _

Will enhance moral of the victimWill enhance moral of the victim

IAMSAR RESCUE MANOEUVRESIAMSAR RESCUE MANOEUVRES

SECTOR SEARCHSECTOR SEARCH

SECTOR SEARCHSECTOR SEARCH

One single ship rescueOne single ship rescueOperationOperationRecommanded for MOBRecommanded for MOBmanoeuvremanoeuvre

AdvantageAdvantageShip comes back veryShip comes back veryfast to initial startingfast to initial startingpositionposition

EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCHEXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH

EXPANDING SQUARE SEARCHEXPANDING SQUARE SEARCH

Preferred to « SectorPreferred to « Sector

Search » when dubious Search » when dubious

initial positioninitial position

PARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / NO CURRENTPARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / NO CURRENT

Doubtful positionDoubtful position

PARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / WITH CURRENTPARALLEL TRACK PATTERN / WITH CURRENT