Chapter 8- High & Late Middle AgesChapter 8- High & Late Middle Ages

Chapter 8- High & Late Middle AgesChapter 8- High & Late Middle Ages

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power Grows

8.2 The Holy Roman Empire & The Church8.2 The Holy Roman Empire & The Church

8.3 The Crusades and the Wider World8.3 The Crusades and the Wider World

8.4 Learning and Culture Flourish8.4 Learning and Culture Flourish

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of Crisis

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power Grows

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsDuring the High Middle Ages power During the High Middle Ages power in European society shifted to in European society shifted to Monarchs- from the Church and Monarchs- from the Church and noblesnobles– Competed with the Church for Competed with the Church for

power.power.Organized governments, tax Organized governments, tax systems, and armiessystems, and armiesStrengthened ties with townspeople:Strengthened ties with townspeople:– Could offer peace and prosperity Could offer peace and prosperity

that was needed for tradethat was needed for trade

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsEnglish Monarchs (Kings)English Monarchs (Kings)– England invaded by England invaded by

Angles, Saxons, VikingsAngles, Saxons, VikingsForced unification of Forced unification of KingdomKingdom

William the Conqueror-William the Conqueror-– Takes over EnglandTakes over England– After King Edward dies in After King Edward dies in

1066, without an heir 1066, without an heir

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsWilliam of NormandyWilliam of Normandy– Won Battle of Hastings to gain control Won Battle of Hastings to gain control

England (Saxons) 1066- Named KingEngland (Saxons) 1066- Named King– ““The Conqueror”The Conqueror”– Gradual blending of Norman French and Gradual blending of Norman French and

Anglo-Saxon cultureAnglo-Saxon culture– Supported by Roman Catholic ChurchSupported by Roman Catholic Church

William grants fiefs to the Church and his William grants fiefs to the Church and his barons (lords), but kept a lot of the land for barons (lords), but kept a lot of the land for himselfhimselfHe required vassal to first swear He required vassal to first swear allegiance to him than to any lord allegiance to him than to any lord A census was taken, the Domesday Book, A census was taken, the Domesday Book, that include all property in his landsthat include all property in his landsHelped him to have an accurate tax Helped him to have an accurate tax systemsystem

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsKing Henry IIKing Henry II– Inherits the throneInherits the throne– Broadened the justice system by Broadened the justice system by

accepting customs into lawaccepting customs into lawCreates Creates common lawcommon law– Based on court rulings Based on court rulings

(precedence) and traditions(precedence) and traditions– Applied to all of EnglandApplied to all of England

Developed idea of Jury under HenryDeveloped idea of Jury under Henry

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsKing Henry faced King Henry faced opposition from the Churchopposition from the Church– Argued with Thomas Argued with Thomas

Becket, over expanding Becket, over expanding royal power- trying clergy royal power- trying clergy in royal courtin royal court

– Four of Henry’s knight’s Four of Henry’s knight’s killed Beckett (Martyr)killed Beckett (Martyr)

– Henry eases tensions Henry eases tensions with the Churchwith the Church

King JohnKing John– Son of Henry IISon of Henry II

Weak ruler, cruel and untrustworthy Weak ruler, cruel and untrustworthy Lost lands in France to King PhillipLost lands in France to King PhillipWas excommunicated by Pope Was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IIIInnocent IIIEngland placed under interdictEngland placed under interdictHad to pay an annual fee to RomeHad to pay an annual fee to RomeAngered noblesAngered nobles– Oppressive taxes and abuses of powerOppressive taxes and abuses of power– Nobles rebelledNobles rebelled

Forced to sign:Forced to sign:– The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsMagna Carta 1215:Magna Carta 1215:– The Great CharterThe Great Charter– Limited Royal PowerLimited Royal Power– Gave the nobles rights Gave the nobles rights – Monarch is not above the Monarch is not above the

law- RULE OF LAWlaw- RULE OF LAW– Foundation of US ConstitutionFoundation of US Constitution

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsKey Points VERY IMPORTANTKey Points VERY IMPORTANTDue Process of Law (Due Process of Law (55THTH AMENDMENT) AMENDMENT)– Right to fair trialRight to fair trial– Legal procedures followedLegal procedures followed

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus – (Without Corpse)(Without Corpse)– No False imprisonmentNo False imprisonment– Charge needed if heldCharge needed if held

8.1- Royal Power Grows8.1- Royal Power GrowsParliamentParliamentEnglish Legislative BodyEnglish Legislative BodyFURTHER LIMITS THE POWER FURTHER LIMITS THE POWER OF THE MONARCHOF THE MONARCHBi- CameralBi- CameralHouse of Lords- Nobles & High House of Lords- Nobles & High Clergy (Birth)Clergy (Birth)House of Commons- Knights House of Commons- Knights and Middle Class (Vote)and Middle Class (Vote)– Added by King Edward*Added by King Edward*

House of Lords House of Commons

French MonarchsFrench Monarchs

Territories mainly ruled by powerful noblesTerritories mainly ruled by powerful noblesHugh Capet and his heirs slowly increased Hugh Capet and his heirs slowly increased the monarchies powerthe monarchies powerMade thrown hereditaryMade thrown hereditaryPlayed rival nobles against each other- Played rival nobles against each other- adding to their landsadding to their landsEstablished order- bureaucracy- gained Established order- bureaucracy- gained backing of new middle classbacking of new middle class

Phillip II paid middle- class officials to run Phillip II paid middle- class officials to run government, instead of noblesgovernment, instead of noblesQuadrupled royal holdingsQuadrupled royal holdingsLouis IXLouis IX– Persecuted heretics, Jews, and led knights in Persecuted heretics, Jews, and led knights in

the Crusadesthe Crusades– Helped to centralize governmentHelped to centralize government

Phillip IVPhillip IV– Tried to raise taxes on the clergyTried to raise taxes on the clergy– French rulers eventually exercised more French rulers eventually exercised more

power over the clergypower over the clergy– The Church splitsThe Church splits– Estates General established- representative Estates General established- representative

body- no power to tax (power of the purse)body- no power to tax (power of the purse)

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

By the late 1000’s rulers and Church officials By the late 1000’s rulers and Church officials were battling for powerwere battling for powerPopes battled against the Holy Roman Empire Popes battled against the Holy Roman Empire – HRE: Included Germany and parts of ItalyHRE: Included Germany and parts of Italy

HRE- tried to take full control of Italy (Papal)HRE- tried to take full control of Italy (Papal)

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The ChurchRulers of the Empire were called:Rulers of the Empire were called:

HolyHoly- They were crowned by the pope- They were crowned by the popeRomanRoman- Saw themselves as heirs to Rome- Saw themselves as heirs to Rome

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

Problem in the HRE:Problem in the HRE:Emperors struggled to control their vassalsEmperors struggled to control their vassals– Nobles and church officialsNobles and church officials

Feuded with popes over who should be church Feuded with popes over who should be church officialsofficials

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

Pope vs. EmperorPope vs. Emperor::

Gregory VII-Gregory VII- Pope (Italy)Pope (Italy)

Henry IV-Henry IV- Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman Emperor

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

Pope (Gregory)- Pope (Gregory)- wanted no secular rulers wanted no secular rulers within the Church:within the Church:Lead to the banning of Lead to the banning of Lay InvestitureLay Investiture::– Lay- not clergy*Lay- not clergy*– Only popes could appoint Only popes could appoint

bishops, not Kings or bishops, not Kings or noblesnobles

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The ChurchHenry rebels against the Henry rebels against the ban- he gave them lands, ban- he gave them lands, he was their overlord he was their overlord Each man suffers losses-Each man suffers losses-– Henry excommunicatedHenry excommunicated– Asks for forgiveness Asks for forgiveness

from Popefrom Pope– Returns to Germany- Returns to Germany-

Deals with rebellious Deals with rebellious noblesnobles

– Leads army to RomeLeads army to Rome *Forcing Gregory into *Forcing Gregory into

exileexile

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

Popes and Emperors would Popes and Emperors would continue battling over this continue battling over this until:until:

– The Concordat of WormsThe Concordat of Worms– The Church had sole power to The Church had sole power to

elect bishops and invest elect bishops and invest bishops with spiritual authoritybishops with spiritual authority

– Kings the right to give fiefsKings the right to give fiefs

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

Even after Investiture Even after Investiture struggles persistedstruggles persistedHRE looked to expand HRE looked to expand further towards Italyfurther towards ItalyFrederick Barbarosa:Frederick Barbarosa:– Red BeardRed Beard– Unable to conquer Unable to conquer

ItalyItaly– People of Italy join People of Italy join

forces with Pope, forces with Pope, defeat himdefeat him

8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church8.2- The Holy Roman Empire and The Church

HRE was unable to capture HRE was unable to capture Italy Also unable to take Italy Also unable to take power from popespower from popesPopes would claim Popes would claim supremacy over secular supremacy over secular rulers- like deposing themrulers- like deposing themInnocent III:Innocent III:– Expands Papal Expands Papal

SupremacySupremacy– Church Power Continues Church Power Continues

to Growto Grow– Defeated secular rulersDefeated secular rulers

Launched a holy war against heretics in Launched a holy war against heretics in France- Albigebsian Crusade- thousands France- Albigebsian Crusade- thousands slaughtered slaughtered

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

OverviewOverview::

1096- Crusades Begin- Series of 1096- Crusades Begin- Series of Holy WarsHoly Wars

Christians vs. Muslims over land in the Middle Christians vs. Muslims over land in the Middle EastEast

Lead to drastic changes in European WorldLead to drastic changes in European World

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

World in 1050-World in 1050-Europe was emerging from IsolationEurope was emerging from IsolationIslam was spreading Spain to IndiaIslam was spreading Spain to IndiaMuslim traders spread goods even furtherMuslim traders spread goods even furtherCities thrived in India (Buddhism and Hinduism)Cities thrived in India (Buddhism and Hinduism)China’s ruling families thrivedChina’s ruling families thrivedSoninke people were building a trading empire Soninke people were building a trading empire in Ghana in West Africain Ghana in West Africa

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider WorldThe Byzantine Empire:The Byzantine Empire:– Former Eastern Roman EmpireFormer Eastern Roman Empire– Turks had invaded most of the Turks had invaded most of the

land and converted to Islamland and converted to Islam1071- Lost Holy Land1071- Lost Holy Land– Jerusalem- Jesus LivedJerusalem- Jesus Lived– Taken by Turks, threatened what Taken by Turks, threatened what

was left of the Empirewas left of the EmpirePrevented Pilgrims Prevented Pilgrims

(Christians) from entering Holy (Christians) from entering Holy landland

Byzantines seek western Rome's help:Byzantines seek western Rome's help:Byzantines need help (Emperor)Byzantines need help (Emperor)Call on Urban II (Pope):Call on Urban II (Pope):- Asks him for Christian soldiers- Asks him for Christian soldiers

-”Crusaders”-”Crusaders”Council of Clermont (1095)Council of Clermont (1095)– Agrees to send KnightsAgrees to send Knights– Crusades to take back Holy LandCrusades to take back Holy Land

Lead to Crusades (Four)Lead to Crusades (Four)– Lasted 200 yearsLasted 200 years– Led to fight not only for religion, but also Led to fight not only for religion, but also

the lure of richesthe lure of riches– Hoped Christians would fight Muslims Hoped Christians would fight Muslims

and stop fighting each otherand stop fighting each other

First Crusade: only one close to First Crusade: only one close to achieving the goal of freeing achieving the goal of freeing the Holy Landthe Holy LandChristian Knights:Christian Knights:– Capture Jerusalem in 1099Capture Jerusalem in 1099– Bloody battlesBloody battles– Massacre Muslims and JewsMassacre Muslims and Jews– Set up Crusader StatesSet up Crusader States

Territories controlled by Territories controlled by ChristiansChristiansMuslims continually try to Muslims continually try to destroy these statesdestroy these states

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Second CrusadeSecond CrusadeUnable to take Muslim Lands:Unable to take Muslim Lands:– Lose JerusalemLose Jerusalem

Defeated by SaladinDefeated by Saladin– Great Muslim RulerGreat Muslim Ruler

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Third Crusade:Third Crusade:

Once again unable to Once again unable to conquer Muslim lands conquer Muslim lands or retake Jerusalemor retake Jerusalem

Saladin:Saladin: - reopens Jerusalem to - reopens Jerusalem to

Christian PilgrimsChristian Pilgrims

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Fourth Crusade:Fourth Crusade:Very sloppyVery sloppyChristians vs. Christians vs. ChristiansChristiansLooted and Looted and Captured:Captured:– ConstantinopleConstantinople

Muslims recapture Muslims recapture all crusader statesall crusader states

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Impact of Crusades: over 200 year Impact of Crusades: over 200 year spanspanReligious HatredReligious Hatred–Thousands of Jews massacred by Thousands of Jews massacred by

crusaders in Europecrusaders in EuropeEurope's Economy IncreasedEurope's Economy IncreasedMonarch and Church Power GrowsMonarch and Church Power Grows

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Religious Hatred Religious Hatred

Crusades left a lingering hatredCrusades left a lingering hatredBetween Muslims and Christians (Distrust)Between Muslims and Christians (Distrust)

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider WorldEurope's Economy IncreasedEurope's Economy IncreasedTrading ExpandedTrading Expanded– Europeans enjoyed goods from Europeans enjoyed goods from

Constantinople and Middle East Constantinople and Middle East brought back by returning brought back by returning crusaderscrusaders

Fleets used to carry goods Fleets used to carry goods Money economy expandedMoney economy expanded– Needed money to finance Needed money to finance

crusadescrusades– Peasants began to sell goods for Peasants began to sell goods for

money, undermining serfdommoney, undermining serfdom

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider WorldMonarch & Church Grow:Monarch & Church Grow:Rulers used crusades: Rulers used crusades: increase power & raise taxes increase power & raise taxes in the name of the Crusadesin the name of the CrusadesSome were in Crusades- Some were in Crusades- Richard- the Lion Heart of Richard- the Lion Heart of EnglandEnglandEnthusiasm over Christianity Enthusiasm over Christianity brought about new power for brought about new power for popes and the Churchpopes and the ChurchThe Eastern Church had The Eastern Church had resentment because of the resentment because of the looting of Constantinoplelooting of Constantinople

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider WorldWider World ExistsWider World Exists::Crusades made Europeans Crusades made Europeans realize that the world outside realize that the world outside of theirs was much wider of theirs was much wider then they had ever knownthen they had ever knownCrusaders and travelers Crusaders and travelers brought back richesbrought back richesLead to trading ventures and Lead to trading ventures and explorationexploration– Marco Polo explores Marco Polo explores

ChinaChina– Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

ReconquistaReconquista- Reconquest- ReconquestAttempt to drive Muslims (Moors)Attempt to drive Muslims (Moors)– From Iberian PeninsulaFrom Iberian Peninsula

SpainSpain

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and Isabella

Marriage United SpainMarriage United Spain Sponsored ColumbusSponsored Columbus

Lead the ReconquestLead the Reconquest

8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World8.3- The Crusades and The Wider World

InquisitionInquisition::Tolerance had been given to many Tolerance had been given to many religions in Spain by the Muslimsreligions in Spain by the MuslimsIsabella ended thatIsabella ended thatInquisition- church court set up to Inquisition- church court set up to try people of heresy try people of heresy Jews and Muslims forced to Jews and Muslims forced to convert, leave or be torturedconvert, leave or be torturedMany burned at the stakeMany burned at the stakeMore than 150,000 Muslims and More than 150,000 Muslims and Jews fledJews fled

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities emerge emergeChurch wanted better Church wanted better educated clergyeducated clergyMen needed to be educated to Men needed to be educated to help run governmenthelp run governmentSchools located at Cathedrals Schools located at Cathedrals evolve in first Universitiesevolve in first Universities*Oxford University in England*Oxford University in England

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishStudent Life:Student Life:ToughTough5 am prayer5 am prayerclasses until 10amclasses until 10ammeal breakmeal breakthen classes until 5 PMthen classes until 5 PMExpected to memorize what Expected to memorize what they heardthey heard

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishEarning degrees took Earning degrees took anywhere from 3-6 yearsanywhere from 3-6 yearsThe longest of studies was The longest of studies was Theology-Theology- religion religionWomen- were not allowed to Women- were not allowed to attend (Natural Talents)attend (Natural Talents)

Still some were educated in Still some were educated in conventsconvents

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishChristian Scholars:Christian Scholars:– Used Scholasticism- applied Used Scholasticism- applied

reason to support Christian reason to support Christian beliefsbeliefs

– Thomas Aquinas- faith and Thomas Aquinas- faith and reason could exist in harmony- reason could exist in harmony- God rules over an orderly EarthGod rules over an orderly Earth

Science*Science*- made little progress, had - made little progress, had to fit church teachingsto fit church teachingsLiterature- many writers wrote in the Literature- many writers wrote in the Vernacular*-Vernacular*- Everyday language Everyday language

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishLiterature:Literature:EpicsEpicsDivine Comedy-Divine Comedy-– Three StoriesThree Stories– Hell, Purgatory, and HeavenHell, Purgatory, and Heaven– Summarizes Christian thought of the afterlifeSummarizes Christian thought of the afterlife– Dante AlighieriDante AlighieriCanterbury Tales-Canterbury Tales-– Tale of medieval lifestylesTale of medieval lifestyles– Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer

8.4- Learning and Culture Flourish8.4- Learning and Culture FlourishArchitecture:Architecture:– Gothic StyleGothic Style– ButtressButtress– Spires Spires – Windows were tall Windows were tall – Replaced Old Dark BuildingsReplaced Old Dark Buildings

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of Crisis

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisMajor Problems of the High Middle AgesMajor Problems of the High Middle Ages

The Black DeathThe Black Death

Church UpheavalChurch Upheaval

Hundred Years WarHundred Years War

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisThe Black Death-The Black Death-

Medieval cities were Medieval cities were susceptible to susceptible to disease and infectiondisease and infection

Close quarters Close quarters

Filthy living Filthy living conditionsconditions

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisLeads to:Leads to:

The The Black DeathBlack Death::Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague

Spread by rats and Spread by rats and fleasfleas

Massive Massive epidemicepidemic- - widespread diseasewidespread disease

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisBlack Death:Black Death:

Genoese trading Genoese trading ships dock in Sicilyships dock in Sicily

Trading ships Trading ships infested rats infested rats (infected by fleas)(infected by fleas)

Rats move Rats move throughout Medieval throughout Medieval citiescities

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisSymptoms:Symptoms:

Egg sized lumpsEgg sized lumps

FeverFever

VomitingVomiting

Black spotsBlack spots

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisBlack Death quickly spreads:Black Death quickly spreads:From Asia to Africa to EuropeFrom Asia to Africa to EuropeMost likely originated in AsiaMost likely originated in Asia1/3 of the population dies (25,000,000)1/3 of the population dies (25,000,000)

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisEffects of the Black Death:Effects of the Black Death:Production declinesProduction declines– Increased wagesIncreased wages– peasants move to cities, peasants move to cities,

no land to raise crops no land to raise crops from landowners from landowners

Economy faltersEconomy faltersInflationInflation - - rapid rise in pricesrapid rise in prices

Normal life breaks downNormal life breaks down– People flee, Christians People flee, Christians

blame Jewsblame Jews

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisUpheaval in the Church:Upheaval in the Church:Plague- effects the ChurchPlague- effects the Church– Question GodQuestion GodDivision in the ChurchDivision in the ChurchChurch moves to AvignonChurch moves to AvignonPeople lash out against the worldly People lash out against the worldly papacy- decline in powerpapacy- decline in powerAnticlerical sentiment growsAnticlerical sentiment growsFurthered the Furthered the Great Schism*-Great Schism*-

Schism- split- ends in 1417Schism- split- ends in 1417Martin VMartin V Returns papacy to RomeReturns papacy to Rome

The Great SchismThe Great SchismEmpire (Rome) was divided East vs. WestEmpire (Rome) was divided East vs. West– Originally divided by DiocletianOriginally divided by Diocletian– Divide furthered during the fall of RomeDivide furthered during the fall of Rome– Great Schism Occurs:Great Schism Occurs:– Argument over the use of Icons in serviceArgument over the use of Icons in service– East outlawed/ banned IconsEast outlawed/ banned Icons– West condemned the East for banningWest condemned the East for banning– Became rivals- although the same faithBecame rivals- although the same faith– Leaders excommunicate each otherLeaders excommunicate each other

WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

Western EmpireWestern Empire– Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church– Spoke LatinSpoke Latin– Headed by Pope (Rome)Headed by Pope (Rome)– Priest, Popes, and Bishops could not have wivesPriest, Popes, and Bishops could not have wives

Eastern Empire (Become Byzantine)Eastern Empire (Become Byzantine)– Eastern (Greek) OrthodoxEastern (Greek) Orthodox– GreekGreek– Headed by Patriarch (Constantinople)Headed by Patriarch (Constantinople)– Clergy could marryClergy could marry

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisJean Wycliffe- Jean Wycliffe- Oxford ProfessorOxford ProfessorAttacked Church Attacked Church CorruptionCorruption“ “ Bible is the source of Bible is the source of truth” not the Churchtruth” not the ChurchBegin to translate the Begin to translate the Bible into EnglishBible into English

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisJan Hus-Jan Hus-

Lead reformsLead reforms

Followers called HussitesFollowers called Hussites

Persecuted by Church Persecuted by Church and burned at the stakeand burned at the stake

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisThe Hundred Years War:The Hundred Years War:1337- 14531337- 1453

England v. FranceEngland v. France

Battle for TerritoryBattle for Territory– English ChannelEnglish Channel– English Kings laid English Kings laid

claim to French throneclaim to French throne

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisHundred Years War:Hundred Years War:

England has early England has early victories:victories:

Superior weaponry:Superior weaponry:– CrossbowCrossbow– LongbowLongbow- greater range, - greater range,

rapid firerapid fire Could fight from distanceCould fight from distance

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisFrench turn the Tide:French turn the Tide:Joan of Arc- said God sent her to save Joan of Arc- said God sent her to save FranceFrance17 year old peasant17 year old peasantRallies French troopsRallies French troopsAssists in the crowning of King Charles VIIAssists in the crowning of King Charles VII

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisJoan of Arc:Joan of Arc: Claimed to hear Claimed to hear

voicesvoices–Called a hereticCalled a heretic–Condemned for Condemned for witchcraft by the witchcraft by the English English –Burned at the Burned at the stakestake

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisJoan of Arc:Joan of Arc:Death inspires Death inspires French troops- French troops- seen as a martyr seen as a martyr

Later saintedLater sainted

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisFrench win the war: French win the war: Regain landsRegain lands– Aided by the cannon, a Aided by the cannon, a

powerful new weaponpowerful new weaponFrench victory-French victory-– Monarch expand powerMonarch expand power– Created a feeling of Created a feeling of

national pridenational pride

8.5- A Time of Crisis8.5- A Time of CrisisEnglish defeatEnglish defeat– Turn to overseas trading- Age of ExplorationTurn to overseas trading- Age of Exploration– Power shifts to parliament- which gains the power Power shifts to parliament- which gains the power

of the purseof the purse– Monarchy looses powerMonarchy looses power– Leads to end of Knights and lessening of need for Leads to end of Knights and lessening of need for

Feudalism- hired soldiers instead of knights Feudalism- hired soldiers instead of knights – Castles begin to disappear, cannot withstand new Castles begin to disappear, cannot withstand new

technologies technologies