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Chapter 8: The Jazz Age
Lesson 4: Cultural InnovationLesson 5: African American Culture
and Politics
Art and Literature
• American Artists and writers challenged traditional ideas as they searched for meaning in the modern world• Bohemian Lifestyle- artistic and unconventional
• Manhattan’s Greenwich Village• Chicago’s South Side
• Individual, Modern experience
• Painters• John Marin- drew urban dynamics of NYC• Charles Sheeler- added cubism to rural American landscapes• Georgia O’Keeffe-landscapes and flowers
John Marin Charles Sheeler Georgia O'Keeffe
Poets and Writers
• Writers• Carl Sandburg• Willa Cather• Sinclair Lewis• Edith Wharton• Edna St. Vincent Millay
• Poets• Amy Lowell• Ezra Pound• William Carlos Williams• T.S. Elliot
• Diverse writers• Individual ideas broken from
tradition• Expressed moments in time• Realism, modern life, loss of
spirituality• Consumerism
T.S. Elliot Carl Sandburg
Artists who Criticized the modern American way of life• Poets and Artists disillusioned by WWI moved to Paris, the center of
artistic life• Gertrude Stein dubbed the artists in America “The Lost Generation”• Ernest Hemmingway
• A Farewell to Arms• The War and it’s aftermath
• F. Scott Fitzgerald• Great Gatsby
• A look a the superficial lifestyle of Americans
F. Scott Fitzgerald Hemmingway
Popular Culture
• Sports, Music, Theater, Movies, Radio• Silent films and “talkies” (The Jazz Singer, the first talking picture)• Creation of the celebrity• Air conditioned theaters• Radio made baseball more popular than ever
• National Community• Shared Experiences
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j48T9BoKxlI
Lesson 5: African American Culture and Politics• During WWI and the 1920s hundreds of thousands of African
Americans joined the Great Migration from the rural South to the industrial Northern cities to work.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-ybTyhiaVY
The Harlem Renaissance
• Writers• Claud McKay, Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston
• Jazz• Luis Armstrong, Duke Ellington
• Blues• Bessie Smith
• The Apollo Theater in Harlem• Shuffle Along, first African American Musical• Emperor Jones, Show Boat
Claud McKay Langston Hughes • 1922 poetry collection
Harlem Shadows• Expressed a proud
defiance and bitter contempt of racism
• Leading voice of African Americans
Zora Neal Hurston
Wrote about African American woman
Claude McKay, 1889 - 1948If We Must DieIf we must die—let it not be like hogs
Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot,While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,
Making their mock at our accursed lot.If we must die—oh, let us nobly die,
So that our precious blood may not be shedIn vain; then even the monsters we defy
Shall be constrained to honor us though dead!Oh, Kinsmen! We must meet the common foe;Though far outnumbered, let us show us brave,
And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow!What though before us lies the open grave?
Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack,Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gcgeX20x3g
LANGSTON HUGHES Mother to Son
Well, son, I’ll tell you:Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair.
It’s had tacks in it,And splinters,
And boards torn up,And places with no carpet on the floor—
Bare.But all the time
I’se been a-climbin’ on,And reachin’ landin’s,
And turnin’ corners,And sometimes goin’ in the darkWhere there ain’t been no light.
So boy, don’t you turn back.Don’t you set down on the steps’Cause you finds it’s kinder hard.
Don’t you fall now—For I’se still goin’, honey,
I’se still climbin’,And life for me ain’t been no crystal stair.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX9tHuI7zVo
Jazz and Blues
Luis Armstrong Edward “Duke” EllingtonBessie Smith
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2VCwBzGdPM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCDOr6au_H8
The NAACP
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People• Economic and political improvement
• Battled against discrimination• Lobbying public officials• Protested lynching and passed anti-lynching laws in the House of
Representatives in 1922- Denied at the Senate- reduced the number of lynchings that took place• Joined Labor Unions to overturn alleged racist politicians into office
Black Nationalism• Black pride and heritage • Some called for African Americans to
separate from White Americans• Jamaican, Marcus Garvey enthused millions
of African Americans with his “Negro Nationalism” • UNIA• Black pride and unity• Individuals can gain political power by
educating themselves • Separation and unity from whites…proposed
leading them to Africa• President Coolidge used Garvey’s immigrant
status as a way to have him deported to Jamaica.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d08ZnxapXFQ