Chapter 9

Blue Azar, 4th Ed.

9-1: Basic Modal Introduction What do the following modals show?

Would you open the door? You may open the door, Steve. You’d better do your homework.

Go to pg. 204

-polite request-permission given

-urgent advice

9-2: Polite Requests w/ “I” Polite requests allow the speaker to show

respect for the listener.

Give me your pencil.vs.

Can I borrow your pencil?

Which one is more polite?

9-2: Polite Requests w/ “I”(use may, could, can)

May I borrow your dictionary? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

Could I borrow your dictionary? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

Can I borrow your dictionary? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. Uh-huh.

FORMAL

INFORMAL

Use PLEASE in these TWO places: May I please borrow your dictionary? May I borrow your dictionary, please?

9-3: Polite Requests w/ “You”(use would, will, could, can)

Would you pick me up tonight? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

Will you pick me up tonight? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

Could you pick me up tonight? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

Can you pick me up tonight? Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

FORMAL

FORMAL

FORMAL

INFORMAL

Use PLEASE in these TWO places: Would you please pick me up tonight? Would you pick me up tonight, please?

TWO different ways to use “Would you mind…”

1. When YOU ask permission:Would you mind if I + verb + -ed

Q: Would you mind if I borrowed your car? A: Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

9-4: Polite Requests “Would you mind.."

Not at all. Have fun with my car!

Yes, actually I need it this week.

TWO different ways to use “Would you mind…”

2. When YOU ask someone to do something for you:

Would you mind + verb + -ing Q: Would you mind picking me up tonight? A: Sure. / Of course. / Certainly.

9-4: Polite Requests “Would you mind.."

Not at all. / No problem. / I’d be glad to.

I’m sorry, but I can’t.

When would you use “Would you mind…”?

Polite Requests REVIEW You forgot your electronic dictionary, and you want

to borrow your classmates’. How many ways can you politely ask her if you can borrow it? 4 May I borrow your electronic dictionary? Could I borrow your electronic dictionary? Can I borrow your electronic dictionary? Would you mind if I borrowed your electronic

dictionary?

**Notice that “I” is the subject. **Notice the SIMPLE PAST in “would you mind”

When would you use “Would you mind”?

Polite Requests REVIEW You forgot to lock your apartment door, so you ask

your roommate if she can lock it for you. How many ways can you politely ask her to lock it? 5 Would you lock the door for me? Will you lock the door for me? Could you lock the door for me? Can you lock the door for me? Would you mind locking the door for me?

**Notice that “you” is the subject. **Notice the ING in “would you mind”

When would you use “Would you mind”?

You want to do something, so you ask your classmate for permission:Would you mind if I + verb + -

ed

You want your classmate to do something for you:Would you mind + verb + -ing

Polite Requests REVIEW

9-5: Expressing Necessity(use must, have to, have got to) Necessity when something is required or needed

A. Americans must pay taxes.B. Americans have to pay taxes.C. I have to talk to my advisor.D. I must talk to my advisor.E. I have got to talk to my advisor. (I’ve gotta talk to my

advisor.)

Which sentences (A, B or C, D) have the same meaning? Why?

Which is stronger, A or B? Which is more commonly used, C or D? What is the

difference in meaning? When do you use E?

9-5: Expressing PAST Necessity(use had to) PAST necessity when something WAS required

or needed in the past

Change “I have to talk to my advisor.” to past necessity.

I had to talk to my advisor. I’m so sorry. I couldn’t have lunch with you

because I had to talk to my advisor.

9-6: Lack of Necessity(use do not have to) lack of necessity when something is NOT

required or needed

A. We don’t have to register for our classes at school. We can register online. You think it’s a requirement, but it’s not.

B. We must not register for our classes at school. We can register online.

Does A and B have the same meaning? --NO. When you use “must not” it means…

9-6: Prohibition(use must not) prohibition “Don’t do this!”

A. You must not touch the electrical wires.B. You must not tell anyone my secret.C. You must not cheat on tests.

Let’s look at the difference in meaning: You must not cheat on tests. You don’t have to cheat on tests.

REVIEW: 9-5, 9-6(have to, must, don’t have to, must not)

1. Plants ___ have water in order to live.2. A lot of people ___ leave their homes to go to

work. They can work from their home offices.3. To stay alive, people ___ breathe oxygen.4. People who have diabetes will have serious

health problems if they eat foods with a lot of sugar. They ___ eat foods with a lot of sugar.

5. A salesperson ___ motivate people to buy his/her product.

6. My room is a mess, but I ___ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.

7. I ___ get some help with my writing course. If I don’t, I won’t pass it.

9-7: Giving advice(use should, ought to, had better)

You should go to the doctor.

You ought to go to the doctor. You awtta go to the doctor.

You had better go to the doctor. You better go to the doctor.

STRONG

STRONGER

STRONGEST

Negative Form: You shouldn’t watch so much TV. You’d better not tell anyone.

9-8: Past form of should

should have + past participle

past form of should expresses REGRET/made a mistake

I should have listened to my parents.

I shouldn’t have listened to my friend.

9-9: Expectations(use be supposed to)1. My friend is supposed to pick me up at 5

P.M.2. Police officers are supposed to protect

people.3. I am supposed to get a 550 on the TOEFL.4. My friend was supposed to pick me up at 5

P.M.

Which sentence(s) expresses a situation where someone expects something to happen?

Which sentence(s) expresses an expectations about a behavior?

Which sentence(s) expresses an unfulfilled expectation?

9-10: Unfulfilled Intentions(use was going to / were going to)1. My friend is going to pick me up at 5 P.M.2. I am going to go to the library afterschool.3. My friend was going to pick me up at 5 P.M.,

but he got stuck in traffic. He’ll be here at 6 P.M.4. Jo and Mary were going to go to the library

afterschool, but they decided to go to a party instead.

Which sentence(s) expresses a future activity? Which sentence(s) expresses a past intention? In #3, what did his friend PLAN to do? Did he do

it? In #4, what did they PLAN to do? Did they do it?

9-10: Unfulfilled Intentions(use plan, hope, intend, think about)

1. My friend was planning to pick me up at 5 P.M., but he got stuck in traffic. He’ll be here at 6 P.M.

2. John and Sarah were hoping to have a baby girl, but she gave birth to a boy.

3. I was intending to go to Stanford, but I’m going to Harvard instead.

4. Jo and Mary were thinking about going to the library afterschool, but they decided to go to a party instead.

9-11/9-12: Making Suggestions(use Let’s, Why don’t, Shall I/we, could, should)

Bob: What do you want to do tonight? Jo: Let’s watch TV. Ann: We always do that. Why don’t we go to

Mike’s house? Bob: I don’t really like Mike. We could play tennis

at the park. We should play tennis at the park. Jo: I don’t have a tennis racket. I should’ve

bought one when it was on sale. Ann: Shall we just stay home and watch TV? Jo: Good idea.

9-12 Practice

1. Now watch the segment and write down 3 suggestions the boy gives to help the old man in the scene.

2. Write five things a young teen can do to help an elderly person. Use the modal could to express your ideas.

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