Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________________ 1 Chapter 9 Notes – Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Chemical Pathways (p. 221-225) Why Do We Need Food? • Food provides cells with the _____________________ building blocks they need to _______________ and __________________________. o __________________ (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur) • Food serves as a source of raw ______________________ from which cells can synthesize new ___________________________. o __________________________ carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids • Food serves as a source of _____________________. Chemical Energy and Food How much energy is actually present in food? Quite a lot! • One gram of the sugar _____________________ (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), when burned in the presence of ___________________, releases _______________ calories of heat energy. o A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of __________________ of water _______________________ Celsius. o The _____________________ (capital “C”) that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie, or _________________ calories. E.g., a candy cane has ___________ calories (14 g carbohydrates; 11 g of sugar) • One candy cane, if burned in the presence of oxygen, would generate ___________________ calories of heat energy. • However, cells don’t “burn” glucose. Instead, they ____________________ release the energy from glucose and other food compounds. o This process is called _____________________ ____________________________.
• Food provides cells with the _____________________ building blocks they need to _______________ and __________________________.
o __________________ (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur)
• Food serves as a source of raw ______________________ from which cells can synthesize new ___________________________.
o __________________________ carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
• Food serves as a source of _____________________. Chemical Energy and Food How much energy is actually present in food? Quite a lot!
• One gram of the sugar _____________________ (C6H12O6), when burned in the presence of ___________________, releases _______________ calories of heat energy.
o A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of __________________ of water _______________________ Celsius.
o The _____________________ (capital “C”) that is used on food labels is a kilocalorie, or _________________ calories.
E.g., a candy cane has ___________ calories (14 g carbohydrates; 11 g of sugar)
• One candy cane, if burned in the presence of oxygen, would generate ___________________ calories of heat energy.
• However, cells don’t “burn” glucose. Instead, they ____________________
release the energy from glucose and other food compounds. o This process is called _____________________
____________________________.
Chapter 6 - Overview of Cellular Respiration
chemical
live
function
Building blocks
materials
products
Raw materials
energy
glucose
oxygen
4000
1 gram
1 degree
Calorie
1000
44 kilo-
44,000
gradually
cellular
respiration
2
Cellular respiration takes place in the _______________________________.
Both _________________ and ____________________ cells carry out the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Label the diagram of a mitochondrion below:
!!!!!!!!!!! Overview of Cellular Respiration: There are three stages that make up cellular respiration:
Cellular respiration is the process that releases _____________________ by
breaking down _______________________ and other food molecules in the
presence of _______________________.
!
!
!
!
cytoplasm & mitochondrion
plant
animal
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Intermembrane Space
Matrix
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Conversion & Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
energy
glucose
oxygen
3
The equation for cellular respiration is:
oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + energy What do you notice about this chemical equation? Hint: think back to photosynthesis! Each of the three stages of cellular respiration captures some of the _____________________ energy available in food molecules and uses it to produce _____________.
• Remember that ATP is the cell’s basic _________________ source. Refer to the diagram of cellular respiration above.
• Glycolysis takes place in the _____________________________. • The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the
