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Chapter 9
Respiration
The route from food to energyGlucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
The route from food to energyGlucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid
molecules Occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated
2 “net” ATP gained
Fast process! But… runs out of NAD+ rather quickly
Process can’t go further
Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does not require oxygen
Anaerobic
Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue
Fermentation Two flavors
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation Done by yeast and other microbes
Formula
Makes bread, wine, and other food products
Lactic Acid Fermentation Done in our muscles!
And other cells too
Formula
Lactic Acid Fermentation Done in muscles during rapid exercise
Lactic acid causes the pH to drop in your cells Makes you feel a burn, stop until you can get O2
again
Makes cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream and other products
ALCOHOLIC LACTIC ACID
Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in eukaryotes Require oxygen—aerobic
NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle
o Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions
• Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle• 2 ATP are generated
Kreb’s Cycle
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. Electron Transport Chain
o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo 32 ATP are produced
Comparing Aerobic Respiration to glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis 2 ATP
Fermentation 0 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP
Electron transport 32 ATP
Anaerobic _________ Aerobic ___________
AEROBIC RESPIRATION is 18 TIMES
MORE EFFICIENT!
Where to go for energy? Instant energy—glycolysis LESS
ATP
Fast energy—fermentation
Slow energy—cellular respiration MOST ATP