Chapter 9 Ship’s Repair

1st 2-hourNov. 29, 2010

1. Warm-up questions

(1) Why does ship need repairing?

(2) Can you list some kinds of ship’s repair? What’s the difference among them?

(3) What quality standard is in use for shipbuilding and repair?

When the ship has been in operation for a certain length of time, damage resulting from natural causes (perils of the sea) or through human factor is bound to occur, and she will then need repairing.

If the ship sustains damage when making a voyage, she will need to undergo voyage repair, which is temporary in nature and is therefore also known as temporary repair. If, according to requirements of Registration Bureau, the ship is to be overhauled once a year, such overhauling is known as minor repair or annual repair. In order to keep up her rating once in every so many years, the vessel; needs to enter dock to undergo thorough overhaul and major repair.

IACS SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARD

2. The study of introduction and passage one of part one

2.1 Introduction

2.2. Passage oneIACS SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR EXISTING SHIPS

2.1 Introduction

Vocabulary

maintain:

(1)keep in a certain state, position, or activity; maintain contact 保持联系maintain sharp vigilance 保持高度警惕

(2)keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction Maintain ships 保养船舶 maintain roads 保养道路

undergo vt. go or live through 接受，经历

undergo training 接受训练

undergo repair 接受修理

undergo great hardship 经历巨大苦难

tender[ˈtendə]

(1) n. a formal proposal to buy at a specified price 投标

invite tender 招标

lose tender 没有中标

（ 2 ） adj. inclined to heel over easily under sail 稳性过小的

The study of the introduction of part one

When a ship leaves her building yard to go into operation, she will need to be kept at all times in a well-maintained condition, maintenance work being normally done by the crew themselves. But when the ship has been in operation for a certain length of time, damage resulting from natural causes (perils of the sea) or through human factor is bound to occur, and she will then need repairing.

…独立主格结构（ Independent Genitive ）在此用作状语 , 表示伴随的状况。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，可用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、

目的等 。如： Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，

他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

(usually followed by `to‘) governed by fate; 一定的 e.g. She would be bound to like it! 妹妹最爱穿漂亮衣服了，她见了一定喜欢。

If the ship sustains damage when making a voyage, she will need to undergo voyage repair, which is temporary in nature and is therefore also known as temporary repair. If, according to requirements of Registration Bureau, the ship is to be overhauled once a year, such overhauling is known as minor repair or annual repair. In order to keep up her rating once in every so many years, the vessel; needs to enter dock to undergo thorough overhaul and major repair.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized 本质上 , 实质上

things similar in form but distinct in nature 形式相似 , 实质不同的东西。

Whether it be voyage repair, annual or major repair, the ship’s officers or engineers may ask for Estimates or Tenders from several different shipyards and compare their prices. The one that quotes the lowest price may then be given the job to do.

该从句属虚拟语气形式 =Wether it (should) be…. 。翻译：无论是航修，岁修还是大修，船舶的驾驶员或轮机

员可以向几个不同船厂询价并对报价进行比较。name the price of ， the price of the goods vt.& n. 报价We accepted his quote. 我们接受了他的报价。Will you quote a price for this car? 你能给这辆车报价吗？

无论是航修，岁修还是大修 ， 驾驶员或轮机员可以向几个船厂询价并对他们给出的价格进行比较，报价最低的厂家可能会中标。

To collect payments, on completion of repairs, the contracting shipyard then presents the Certified Repair Bills together with Invoices to the Owners as their agents for payments, thereby completing the whole formalities.It is clear therefore that an ocean-going officer or engineer should be able to write, read and certify in the English language the various papers connected with ship’s repairs.

在修理结束时 on 表示在……时候， 如：on arrival 抵达时

现在分词表示伴随，在句中作状语。如： The dog entered the room, following his master=The dog came in. It followed his master.( 这条狗

跟着主人进了屋 ) 。

2.2 Passage one IACS SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR EXISTING SHIPS

Vocabulary

fabricate vt. [ˈfæbrikeit]

(1) put together out of components or parts 制造

The company fabricates plastic chairs.

(2) make up something artificial or untrue 捏造，编造

fabricate lies 编造谎言

sound [saund]

(1) adj. in excellent physical condition; 良好的

a sound mind in a sound body 聪明又健康

(2)Vt. make a certain noise or sound 发出声音，鸣放Sound fog signal 鸣放雾号

(3)n. the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause 声音sound of music 音乐之声 sound of rain on the roof 屋顶上的雨声

accessible [ækˈsesəbəl] adj.

(1) capable of being reached; 能接近的；可进去的

a town accessible by rail 通火车的城镇

(2 ） easily obtained; 容易获得的

accessible money 很容易获得的钱

(3) easy to get along with or talk to; friendly; 易相处的，平易近人的 an accessible general manager

accessibility [ˌækəsesiˈbiliti] n.

the quality of being at hand when needed 可及性，可接近性

IACS(International Association Classification Society Ltd) consists of 11 member societies, which includes ABS,BV,CCS,DNV,GL, IRS,KR,LR,NK, RINA,RS. Chairmanship of IACS is on a rotational basis with each member society taking a turn. Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, IACS makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world's cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the eleven Member Societies of IACS

Safer and Cleaner Shipping

The study of the passage one

1. Scope1.1 This standard provides guidance on quality of repair of hull structures. The standard covers permanent repairs of existing ships.Whereas the standard generally applies to- conventional ship types,- parts of hull covered by the rules of the Classification Society,- hull structures constructed from normal and higher strength hull structural steel, the applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the Classification Society.The standard does generally not apply to repair of- special types of ships as e.g. gas tankers- structures fabricated from stainless steel or other, special types or grades of steel

While ， though 然而I hate John , whereas you merely dislike him . 我憎恨约翰，而你只是不喜欢他而已。

be pertinent or relevant or applicable 适用于

The same laws apply to you.

1.2 The standard covers typical repair methods and gives guidance on quality standard on the most important aspects of such repairs. Unless explicitly stated elsewhere in the standard, the level of workmanship reflected herein will in principle be acceptable for primary and secondary structure of conventional design. A more stringent standard may however be required for critical and highly stressed areas of the hull, and is to be agreed with the Classification Society in each case.

1.3 Restoration of structure to the original standard may not constitute durable repairs of damages originating from insufficient strength or inadequate detail design. In such cases strengthening or improvements beyond the original design may be required. originate from: to come from a particular place or

start in a particular situation: 来源于 e.g. A lot of our medicines originate from tropical plants.Postpositive attributive( 分词短语做后置定语，相当于定语从句 =which originate from

Postpositive attributive ( 介词短语做后置定语，相当于定语从句=which are beyond the original d

esign

句子翻译：对源于强度缺陷或设计不周所产生的损坏按原标准进行结构修复并不能使修理永固耐久。在这种情况 下，也许应该进

行高于原设计标准的加固或改进。

后置定语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语甚至是句子，是句子的就叫定语从句了。

a. 现在分词： a boy sitting under the tree( 现在分词作定语表示与名词之间的关系是主动）

b. 过去分词： a teacher surrounded by many students( 过去分词作定语表被动）

c. 不定式： the meeting to be held tomorrow( 表将来） d. 句子： the man who is talking with Mr white is my uncle in a word, 后置定语是对前面的名词和代词起修饰限定

作用的，所以叫定语

2. General requirements for repairs and repairers2.1 In general, when hull structure covered by classification is

to be subjected to repairs, the work is to be carried out under the supervision of the Surveyor to the Classification Society. Such repairs are to be agreed prior to commencement of the work.

2.2 Repairs are to be carried out by workshops, repair yards or personnel who have demonstrated their capability to carry out hull repairs of adequate quality in accordance with the Classification Society’s requirements and this standard.Repairs are to be carried out under working conditions that facilitate sound repairs. Provisions are to be made for proper accessibility, staging, lighting and ventilation. Welding operations are to be carried out under shelter from rain, snow and wind.

protective covering that provides protection from the weather遮蔽，保护 e.g. ta

ke shelter from the rain 避雨

修理应在有助于良好维修的环境下进行。应提供维修通道、脚手架、照明、通风等设施。电焊操作应在遮风避雨雪处进行。

be + infinitive （即 be + to do sth. ）在此处的用法：表示“应该”，相当于 should, ought to 。e.g. You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。

cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to 遭受，经历

People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation

2.4 Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to approved and qualified welding procedures and with welding consumables approved by the Classification Society, see Section 3. Welding operations are to be carried out under proper supervision of the repair yard.

2.5 Where repairs to hull which affect or may affect classificaticlassificationon are intended to be carried out during a voyage, complete repair procedure including the extent and sequence of repair is to be submitted to and agreed upon by the Surveyor to the Classification Society reasonably in advance of the repair.

两个被动词组并列，“提交并得到批准”

引导条件状语从句，相当于“ if”

ahead of time 提前

degree and order 程度和顺序

如果在航行期间对船体的维修可能影响船级，应在合理的时间提前向船级社的验船师递 交包括修理程度和修理顺序的完整的修理程序。

Classification societies are organizations that survey and classify ships, both during their construction and operation. Vessels are typed in general categories as follows:Oil TankersBulk Carriers General Cargo ShipsContainershipsand Other Types of Ships

Vessel Glossary includes:Aframax 阿弗拉型油轮 Capesize 海岬型船Handymax 大灵便型船 Handysize 灵便型船Panamax 巴拿马型船 Suezmax 苏伊士型船Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

4.1.1 The requirements for materials used in repairs are in general the same as the requirements for materials specified in the Classification Society’s rules for new constructions,

4.1.2 Replacement material is in general to be of the same grade as the original approved material. Alternatively, material grades complying with recognised national or international standards may be accepted by the Classification Societies provided such standards give equivalence to the requirements of the original grade or are agreed by the Classification Society. For assessment of equivalency between steel grades, the general requirements and guidelines in Section 4.2 apply.

closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree 相同，一样 e.g.

The size is about the same as the one above.这个尺寸和上面那个尺寸一样。

be of+ 表示级别（ grade) 、年龄（ age ）、大小（ size ）、颜色（ color ）、重量（ weight ）、高度（ height ）、价格（ price ）、意见（ opinion ）、形状（ shape

）、种类（ kind ）和方法（ way ）等的名词”，表示“具有……”，说明主语的特征。

例如： When I was of your age ， I entered the war. 当我是你这个年龄的时候，我就去打仗了。

These flowers are of different colors. 这些花的颜色都不同。

注意：在此结构中，如果后面的名词前有不定冠词 a / an ，则这个冠词相当于 the same .

例如： The two boys are of an / the same age. 这两个男孩同龄。

=provided （ that ）如果， 以…为前提条件We shall go provided that the weather is fine. 如果天气好，我们会去的。 只要天晴 , 我们就去。收藏指正

更换材料通常应于原核准的材料同级。另外，船级社也接受能满足公认国家或国际标准的材料等级，前提是这些标准与原等级相当或得到了船级社的认可。

3. Summary of the lesson

In today’s lesson we studied the repair standard made by IACS. This standard includes the scope, general requirments, qualification of personel and the materials.

4. Homework

4.1 Please go over the new words and the passages we studied today and get ready for the translation orally next class.

4.2 Preview Part Two