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Chapter IIChapter II
Let the fun begin Let the fun begin
Energy Energy
Kinetic Energy- Actually doing workPotential Energy- Stored and Inactive
In this picture: What is the Kinetic Energy and What is the Potential Energy?
Potential Energy
Kinetic
Energy
Forms of Energy Forms of Energy
Chemical:Chemical: stored in bonds of chemical stored in bonds of chemical substances Ex: Semtex (an Explosive) or substances Ex: Semtex (an Explosive) or GasolineGasoline
Electrical:Electrical: product of the movement of product of the movement of charged particles called “ions” Ex: Neural charged particles called “ions” Ex: Neural impulses of the brain impulses of the brain
Mechanical:Mechanical: DIRECTLY involved with DIRECTLY involved with movement Ex. Muscle Contractions movement Ex. Muscle Contractions
Radiant:Radiant: Travels in waves of the Travels in waves of the electromagnetic spectrum Ex: X-rays, UV electromagnetic spectrum Ex: X-rays, UV light, IR (infrared)light, IR (infrared)
How to How to remember that?remember that?
M.E.R.C or C.R.E.M.M.E.R.C or C.R.E.M.~What ever is easiest ~What ever is easiest
for you~for you~
Organic Organic Compounds Compounds
Definition:Definition: Carbon- Carbon-containing compoundscontaining compounds
Also include: Oxygen, Also include: Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen Hydrogen and Nitrogen
CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES
Includes:
Sugars
Starches
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
A common Sugar is: GlucoseGlucose
Also called a Monosaccharide Monosaccharide
MonoMono (meaning ONE)
SaccharideSaccharide (meaning SUGAR)
C6H12O6
Glucose
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
DISACCHARIDDISACCHARIDESES
Are simply 2 2 sugarssugars bound together by an OxygenOxygen
Examples:
Sucrose (Table sugar)
Lactose (Milk sugar)
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
POLYSACCHARIDESPOLYSACCHARIDES
Simply Means:
PolyPoly (Meaning MANY *as in more than one*)
SaccharidesSaccharides (Meaning ______?)
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
Quick Quick Question:Question:
Is this a Polysaccharide?Answer: Answer:
YesYes it is BOTHBOTH a
Disaccharide and a Polysaccharide
So How are Polysaccharides So How are Polysaccharides made?made?
SIMPLE:
Dehydration Dehydration SynthesisSynthesis
Your next question must be:
“What the $%&@$%&@ is Dehydration Synthesis?”
““Dehydration”Dehydration”Simply put is when you LOSE water
But in this case your BUILDING a BOND
Thus the Word
““Synthesis”Synthesis” (meaning bringing together)
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES IMPORTANT POLYSACCHARIDES
STARCH GLYCOGEN
What’s the Difference between them?
Glycogen is SMALLERSMALLER than a Starch Molecule
So then how are So then how are Polysaccharides Polysaccharides BROKENBROKEN
down?down?Simple: HYDROLYSIHYDROLYSISSHydroHydro: Meaning “from water”LysisLysis: Meaning “to separate”
So water (H2O) is added *with the help of an enzyme* and the bonds BREAK
~snap~
The RelationshipThe Relationship
Building = Dehydration Synthesis
Breaking = Hydrolysis