CHAPTER – IV

OBJECTIVES:

� The study is to contribute to literature on bail. Bail is a right and in the interest

of liberty bail must be granted.

� Policy for evaluation of present bail procedure pressed in to criminal justice

system.

� The present cruel bail procedure in India is inhuman. Grant of police custody

remand appears to be cruel outdated and archaic. Police custody Remand is

real hell. Courts must become citizen-centric and litigant–centric.

� This is the humanistic objective of embarking this study the study will

highlight the demerits of refusing bail in minor and victimless offences.

� The minority people are the sufferers of the shady bail laws. They are picked

up from their homes and charged with anything from terrorism to robbery. In

the stringent laws passed by the parliament there are provision to refuse bail to

the victim as long as 18 months.

� There are stringent laws passed by parliament every alternate year which have

been denuded of the safeguards for innocent persons who might be arrested on

suspicion.

HYPOTHESIS:

1. Stages of bail:

The courts have lowered the human dignity by making it an unwritten

rule that bails must be refused as far as possible. The police demands PCR and

subjects the accused to third degree methods. Most inhuman treatment is given

to the accused in police custody. By making bail scarce and rare courts have

given rise to bail industry. .The bail has become a big. Industry giving

employment to lawyers, touts, bail bondsmen, typists, photo-copyists,

photographers and, factotums are wandering in the court premises. Corruption

in bail related matters is huge and nationwide. The turnover of bail industry

annually must be around ten thousand crore rupees according to an estimate.

The courts in India are judge-centric and state- centric. The bail is rejected as a

rule and granted as an exception to the rule. The maxim “bail is rule and jail is

exception “is a myth. In reality the maxim has been reversed. The Judicial

Magistrates in India as a general practice grant PCR on demand of police.

After a spell of PCR, MCR is granted. Thus the road to freedom has three

stages. The 1) Police CR 2) MCR and 3) Bail.

2. Contagiousness:

The accused person is given to police and then given MCR or

magisterial remand in which the accused who may be an educated cultured

person wrongly arrested, is housed along with hardened criminals in the prison

since there are no bail hostels in India which exist in United Kingdom. Pay for

legal counsel to advise them on bail matters or to furnish the bail amount

itself.

3. Custodial deaths:

Many accused person die in police custody in insurgency prone areas

and troubled areas infested with militants. In India such areas are North

Eastern States of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura,

Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. In Manipur and Kashmir Armed Forces Special

Powers Act has played havoc. Civilians are taken in to custody and shot point

blank. Women are taken in to custody and raped by officers and soldiers.

Governor of Meghalaya Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary expressed his displeasure

over allowing application of AFSPA.

4. Affront to the democratic principle of liberty:

United Nations Declaration of Human Rights Article 11(1) proclaims

everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent

until proved utility according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the

guarantees necessary for his defense.

It is clear that without cause lengthy imprisonment or detention in prison or

jail of under trial prisoners without being brought for trial is an insult to all civilized

standards/norms of human liberty or freedom and any meaningful concept of

individual liberty which forms the bedrock of a civilized legal system must view

critically the long periods of imprisonment before persons awaiting trial can receive

the attention of the administration of justice. Thus, the bails in its sole discretion may

be too much to bail and provide instructions. In a case Gudikanti Narsimulu (v/s) P.P

(public prosecutor) The Supreme Court of India Coram, V. R. J. Ayer Krishna, noted

that Bail has to be granted on the following guidelines should be given by the

Supreme Court to prevent a failure as a humanization and the courts of justice and the

criminal justice system I'll sensitize it the same for the those who would otherwise not

be bearish condemned the failure is not more prisons other than to not pay the bail.

Armed forces special powers act 1958 Sec. 4 (c) allows, to arrest a person

without warrant where the offence committed by such person is of cognizable

offence, or against a reasonable suspicion exists, that he has committed or is about to

commit a cognizable offence in this regard the officer as low ranking as a Non-

Commissioned may use such force as may be necessary to effect the arrest, Section 4

(d) allows any noncommissioned commandant officer, to enter and search without

warrant any premises to make any Arrest as aforesaid or to recover any person

believed to be wrongfully restrained. Using these powers. Thangjam Manorama who

was criminally trespassed she was taken away under the pretext of arrest and

interrogation and then was raped and thrown in to the streets dead. The image of Para

Military force Assam Rifles have taken a beating.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The present research proposes to adopt a mix of methodologies. The doctrinal

research methodology, the unobtrusive research methodology and comparative

research methodology are to be used in the present research. Doctrinal research is the

research about doctrines involved in the topic the discussion about those pros and

cons of those doctrines. Comparative research, methodology is needed since in this

study the researcher is. Doctrinal research is mainly done by using libraries and

internet files on the topic. Unobtrusive research is that research which does not disturb

any respondents or subjects with a questionnaire but studies editorials, news and

columns written by eminent persons on the topic. Comparative research involves the

comparison of issues on related topic prevailing in India and other countries of the

world community.

For example it is necessary to know what kind of arrangement exists in China

for l hearing. Bail Petitions? In China there are citizen jurors double the number of

regular judges. India too needs citizens’ representatives as jurors on the bench that

would hear bail petitions so that police and judges do not jointly cook up theories to

reject bail and do injustice to innocent persons arrested on suspicion.

The instrument of Bail is a very important mechanism to protect the liberty of

an individual. In non-bailable offences it is at the discretion of the court whether to

grant bail or not. Research is to search again. This study is comprised of the doctrinal

form of research. Doctrinal research is done with the help of the primary and the

secondary sources.

Primary sources are the acts, legislation Bylaws, Ordinances made by the

legislature itself and secondary sources are the various judgments pronounced by the

courts and various principles laid down by the courts. My work is mainly based on the

secondary sources of the doctrinal research.

List of Cases under Study:

(A)

A. K. Murumu v. Prasenjit Choudury 1999 Cr.LJ 3460 (3468) (Cal-DB).

A. Prasad v. State of Karnataka, 1982 Cri LJ 542 at p. 548 (Kant).

Ajay Kumar Sharma v. State of U.P., (2005)7 SCC 507 at p. 508 : 2005 SCC (Cri)

1702.

Akhalaq Ahmed F. Patel Vs. State of Maharashtra, 1998 Cr. LJ 3969 (Bom).

Allahrakhio Umeed Ali Vs. Emperor, 35 Cr. LJ 144

Amar Singh v. State, 1985 Cri LJ 550 at p. 552 (Del) : (1985)1 Crimes 749.

Amin v. State, AIR 1958 All. 293.

Anant Vasant Joshi Vs. State of Maharashtra, 1986 (1) Crimes 170 (Bom)

Ananth Kumar Vs. State of A.P. 1977 Cr. LJ 1797 (AP)

Anil Kumar Tulsiyani v. State of U.P.,(2006)9 SCC 425 at p. 427:(2006)2 SCC (Cri)

565.

Anwar Hussain v. State of Orissa, 1995 Cri LJ 863 at p. 865 (Ori).

Ashok Kumar Binny Vs. State, 1982 Kash. LJ 363 at 367, 368.

Ashok Kumar v. State of Orissa, 2000 Cr. LJ 1975

Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajashtan,1981 Raj.Cr.C.272:1980 Cr.LR (Raj)581;1980

Ashok Kumar v. State, 1992 Cri LJ 3821 at p. 3822 (Del).

Aslam Babalal Desai v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1993 SC 1 at p. 10.

Ataulla v. State of Karnataka, 1998 Cri LJ 913 at p. 914 (kant).

Avinash Arora Vs. State of U.T. Chandigarh, AIR 2000 SC 3563 (1):AIR 2000 SCW

3563: 2000 CrLJ.4674 (SC)

Azeez Vs. State of Kerala (1984) 2 Crimes 413.

Azeez Vs. State of Kerala, 1984 Cr.LJ 1059: 1984 (2) Crimes 413.

(B)

B. L. Verma Vs. State of M. P. 1979 Cr. L.J. (NOC) 190 (MP) ILR 1979, MP 748:

1979 Jab LJ 419.

B. Narayanappa v. State of Karnataka, 1982 Cri LJ 1334 at p. 1335 (Kant).

B.S. Rawat Asstt. Collector of Customs Vs. Andre Christopier Mydla: 1988(2)

Crimes 581, 589 (Bom)

Babu Mida Vs. State of M.P. 1978 Cr.LJ 1846 (MP).

Bakshi Sardari Lal Vs. Superintendent Tihar Central Jail, Delhi 1968 Cr. LR 675 at

680 (Del.).

Balakchand Jain Vs. State of M. P. 1976 4 SCC 572

Balchand Jain Vs. State of M.P. 1977 Cr. LJ 225, 227, 229, 232-38 (SC).

Balchand Jain Vs. State of MP, AIR 1977 SC 366.

Balehand Jain Vs. MI, AIR 1977 SC 366: (1977) 2 SCR 52: 1977 Cr. LJ 225

Balmukand Vs. State (1983) 2 Crimes 708 at 709 (Raj.).

Bansi Lal v. State of Haryana, 1978 Cri LJ 472 at p. 476(P & H).

Banwari Lal v. State of Rajasthan, Rasj. Cri C.158 (Raj.)

Bashina Vs. State of U. P. (1969) 1 SCR 32.

Berin P. Varghese v. State of Kerala, 2008 Cri LJ 1759 at p. 1761 (Ker).

Bhagirath Mahapatra v. State of Orissa, 1975 Cr. L.J.1681: 41 Cut. LT 619,

Bhagirathsinh Judeja Vs. State of Gujarat, AIR 1984 SC 372 at 373, 374; 1984 Cr LJ

160.

Bharat Chaudhary v. State of Bihar, (2003)8 SCC 77 at pp. 78-79 : AIR 2003 SC

4662 SCC (Cri) 1953.

Bharat Inder Singh Chahal v. State of Punjab, 2007 Cri LJ 4490 at p. 4496 (P&H).

Bhim Sain Vs. State of Punjab, 1979 CLR (P&H) 74.

Bhola v. State, 1974 Cri LJ 1318 at p. 1319 (All).

Bhola v. State, 1974 Cri LJ 1318 at pp. 1320(All).

Bhola v. State, 1974 Cri LK 1318 at p. 1319 (All).

Bhuban Vs. State of U.P. AIR 1974 SC 2092.

Bijayaketan Mohanty v. State of Orissa, 1982 Cri LJ 1954 at p. 959 (Ori) (FB) : 54

cut LT 229.

Bimaladak v. State, 1997 Cri LJ 1969 at p. 1971 (Cal) : 1997 Cal Cri LR 72.

Biman Chatterjee Vs. Sanchita Chatterjee, AIR 2004 SC 1699: (2004) 3 SCC 388:

2004 CrLJ 1451 (1453) (SC)

Bipin Bantilal Panchal Vs. State of Gujarat, AIR 2001 SC 1158; (2001) 3SCC 1.

Birajit Sinha v. State of Tripura, 2004 Cri LJ 4485 at p. 4487 (Gau).

Bishambhar Nath Vs. Emperor, 25 CrLJ, 1132: 110 LJ 527.

Bolai Mistry v. State, 1977 Cr.LJ 492 (Cal-DB).

(C)

Chaman Lal Vs. State of U.P. 2004 CrLJ 4243 (4245) (SC).

Chamna Lal v. State of U.P., (2004)7 SCC 525 at p. 527 : AIR 2004 SC 4267 : 2004

SCC (Cri) 1974.

Champa Lal Vs. State, AIR 1952 M.B. 189 (FB).

Chandnakant Chandulal Bhansali v. Srikant Shrikrishna Johsi, 1993 (2) Crimes 389

(Bom).

(D)

D. Danda @ Dandapani Vs. State of Orissa (1984) 57 Cut. LT 394 at 397.

D.K. Basu v. State of W.B., (1997)1 SCC 416 at p. 434.

D.K. Ganesh Babu v. P.T. Manokaram, 2007 Cri LJ 1827 at p. 1828 : AIR 2007 SC

1450 (2007)4 SCC 434 : (2007)2 SCC (Cri) 345.

D.K. Ganesh Babu v. P.T. Manokaran, 2007 Cri LJ 1827 at p. 1828 : AIR 2007 SC

1450.

Daini Vs. State of M.P. 1989 Jab LJ 323

Devendra Singh Negi Vs. State of U.P. 1994 Cr. LJ 1783 (All).

Devi Dass Roghu Nath Naik Vs. State, 1987 (3) Crimes 363; 365: 1989 Cr.LJ 252

(Bom)

Dhanpal Vs. Emperor, 37 CrLJ 1017: AIR 1936 All 656.

Dharampal Vs. State of Punjab (2002) 1 P&H 477 CrLJ 1621 (1623) (P&H)

Dharmu Naik v. Rabindranath Acharya 1978 CrLJ 864

Dianusidari Prasad Vs. State of Bihar, 1990 (3) Crimes 524 (Pat)

Dilip Shankar Koli Vs. State of Maharashtra, 1981 Cr.LJ 500 (Bom): 1981 Cr.LR.

(Mah) 241

Dines/I Alluwalia Vs. State (2002) 99 DLT-3878 (2002) 64 DRJ 427:2003

Cr.LJ.980(982)(Del)

Dinesh Parwat v. State of Bihar, 2007 Cri LJ 2890 at p. 2896 (Pat).

Directorate of Enforcement v. P.V. Prabhakar Rao, (1997)6 SCC 647 at p. 649 : AIR

1997 SC 3868 : 1997 SCC (Cri) 978.

Diwan Chand Vs. King Emperor, 15 PR 1908.

Dronendu Jha v. State of Jharkhand, 2004 Cri LJ 2950 at p. 2952 (Jhar).

Dukhishyam Benupani, Asstt. Director, Enforcement Directorate (FERA) v. Arun

Kumar Bajoria, AIR 1998 SC 696 at p. 698

(E)

Emperor Vs. Rasulbux AIR 1942 Sind 132 at 133; LLR 1942 Kar. 278.

Emperor Vs. Wahidino 30 CrLJ 845: 1929 Sind 137

Emperor Vs. Yessu, 2. Bom LR 449.

(F)

Faiz Mohd. Vs. Emperor 17 CrLJ (1).

Fazal Nawaz Jung Vs,. State of Hyderabad, 1952 Cr LJ 873.

Foja Singh v. State, 2004 Cri LJ 4375 at p. 4377 (J & K).

Free Legal Aid Committee v. State of Bihar (1982) 3 SCC 389 (1): 1983 SCC (Cr) 62

(1).

(G)

G. Muthuswamy Vs. State of Kerala, 1980, Cr.L.J. 1021, 1022 (Ker): Balchand Jain

supra note 17.

Gabriel Joseph Vs. Fero Gulain Sarvar Khan, 1992 Cr.LJ 458 (Bom).

Ganesh Raj v. State of Rajasthan, 2005 Cri LJ 2086 at p. 2092 (Raj) (FB).

Ganpati v. State of Mysore, 1972 Cri LJ 417 at p. 418 (Mysore).

Gomti v. Thakurdas, 2007 Cri LJ 2431 at p. 2433(2007) 11 SCC 160.

Gopalan Vs. State of Madras (1950) SCR 88.

Gordhan vs. State of Rajasthan (1986) 2 Crimes 630: 1986 RLW 540: 1986 Cr.L.R.

42.

Govinda Chandra Senapati v. State of Orissa, 1996 Cri LJ 1014 at p. 1016 (Ori).

Govinda Parshad v. State, 1975 Cr. L.J. 1249, 1255 (Cal).

Govt. of Hyd. Vs. Dharamayya AIR 1951 Hyd. 46

Guddu v. State of U.P., 1990 Cri LJ 1531 at p. 1534 (All).

Gudikanti Narasimhlu Vs. Public Prosecutor, AP, AIR 1978:SC 429: 1978 Cr.LJ 502.

Gudikanti Narasimhulu v. Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P., AIR 1978 SC 429 at

p. 430.

Gudikanti Narasimhulu v. Public Prosecutor, High Court of A.P., AIR1978.

Gudikanti Narasimhulu Vs. Public Prosecutor, A.P. 1978 CrLJ 502 AIR 1978 SC 429

(1978) 1 SCC 240.

Gulam Mohammad Azimuddin v. State, 1959, Cr.LJ 600: AIR 1959 MP 147.

Gunbaksh Singh Vs. Punjab AIR 1978 P&H 1.

Gurbaksh Singh Sibba v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 1632 at p. 1645 : 1980

Cri LJ 1125 : (1980)2 SCC 565 : 1980 SCC (Cri) 465.

Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 1632 at p. 1647.

Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 1632 at p. 1648.

Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 1632 at p. 1649.

Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia Vs. State of Punjab, 1980 SC 1632: 1980 Cr.LJ 1125 (1980) 2

SCC 565.

Gurbax Singh Vs. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC, 565, 582, 1980 SCC (Cri) 465, 482.

Gurbux Singh Vs. State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 565: 1980 SCC (Cr) 465: AIR 1980

SC 1632.

Gurcharan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.) AIR 1987 SC 179 at p. 186.

Gurcharan Singh vs. Delhi Administration, AIR 1978, SC 179: 1978 Cr.LJ 129

Gurcharan Singh Vs. State (Delhi Administration) (1978) 1 SCC 118: 1978 SCC

(Cr)41:AIR 1978 SC 179: 1978 CrLJ 129: 1978 Mad LJ (Cr) 261.

(H)

H.C. Gaur Vs. Rakesh Vij (1990) 40 Del. LT 346; 1990 Cr.LJ 1586 (Del)

Hanumanthegowda Vs. State of Karnataka. 1997 (1) Crimes 303 (Kant).

Harbans Signh Vs. State of Punjab, (1986) 13 Cr. LT 264: (1987-1) 91 PLR 103.

Hardwari Lal Vs. Emperor, 33 CrLJ 773.

Hari Kishan Das Vs. Union Territory of Chandigarh, 1983 Cri App. R.(SC) 28: 1983

UJ (SC) 61.

Hari Mohan Dixit Vs. State of M.P. 1986 Cr,LR 211 (MP)

Hari Shankar Vs. State of M.P. 1980 Jab LJ 805: 1981 Cr.LR (MP) 33.

Harji v. State of Rajashthan, 1983 Cr.L.J.1938: 1982 Raj. LW 6261980 WLN 719.

Hemanta Kumar Nayak v. State of Orissa, 2000 Cri LJ 3267 at p.l 3271 (Ori).

Hikayat Singh Vs. Emperor, 33 CrLJ 574: AIR 1932 Pat 209

Htye Yar Vs. King. l 39 CrLJ 91: AIR 1937 Rang 474.

Hussainara Khatoon (I) v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar, (1980)1 SCC 81 at p. 89 :

AIR 1979 SC 1360.

Hussainara Khatoon (IV) v. Home Secy., State of Bihar, (1980)1 SCC 98 at pp. 103-

5.

Hutchinson Vs. Emperor, 32 CrLJ 1271: AIR 1931 All 356

(I)

I.Y.Chandra Earappa Vs. State of Karnataka, 1989 Cr.LJ 2405, 2414 (Kant-DB).

Imamuddin v. Ayub Khan, 1984 Cri LJ 117 at p. 121 (Raj).

Indar Das Vs. State, AIR 1951 HP 31.

Inder Pal Singh Vs. State, 1988 A. Cr.R.722

Irajit Sinha v. State of Tripura, 2004 Cri LJ 4485 at p. 4487 (Gau).

Issak Ibrahim Sandil Sovda Vs. State of Gujarat, 2000 (3) Crimes 466 (Guj).

(J)

Jagan Nath Vs. State of Maharashtra 1981 Cr.L.J. 1808 (Bom).

Jagni Singh Vs. Emperor, 45, Cr. L. J. 643

Jagraj Singh Vs. State of U. P. 1991 (2) Crimes 728, 731 All.

Jagram Vs. Ghamandi (1980) 5 Raj. Cr.C.364.

Jai Ram Tewati Vs. State of Bihar, 1986 BLJR 222.

Jairam Tiwari Vs. State of Bihar, 1987 Cr.L.J. 254 (Pat).

Jamini Mullick Vs. Emperor LLR 36 Cal. 174 at 177.

Janardhan Sadh Vs. State Of Bihar 1978 CrLT 1318 (Pat).

Janardhan Yadav Vs. State of Bihar, 1978 BLJ 42: 1978 Pat. LJR 361.

Jar Singh v. State of Rajasthan, 1992 Cri LJ 2873 at pp. 2875-76 (Raj).

Johny Wilson Vs. State Of Rajasthan 1986 CrLJ 1235 Raj.

Joseph D. Kattampilly Vs. State of Kerala, 1970 Kerala 521.

Joseph Vs. Asstt. Collector of Customs, 1982 Cr.LJ 559, 564 (Mad).

Juharmal Vs. State 1954 (Raj) 279

(K)

K. N. Jaglekar Vs. Emperor 33 Cr. L. J. 94 (FB)

K. Narayanaswamy v. State of A.P., 1980 Cri LJ 588 at p. 591 (AP).

K. Nazeema Vs. State of Kerala, 1983 Cr. L.J. (NOC) 199 (Ker): 1983 Ker LT 579.

K. Pandarinathan v. Raju, 1998 Cri LJ 1128 at pp. 1128-29 (Kant) : ILR (1997)

Karnataka 2560.

K. Rajesekhara Reddy v. State of A.P.¸1999 Cri LJ 1933 at p. 1934 (AP).

K.K. Rao v. State 1982 Mad LJ (Cr). 330 : (1981)2 Andh LT 461.

K.K. Warrior Vs. State of Kerala (1964) KLT 597.

K.K.Girdhar Vs. MS. Kathuria, 1989 Cr.LJ 1094 (Delhi).

K.Narayana Sivam Vs. State of A.P. 1980 Cr. L.J.588 (AP).

K.P. Vasu Vs. State, AIR 1975 Ker. 15.

Kailash Singh v. State of Bihar, AIR 1983 Pat PLH (HC) 314: 1983 Cr.L.J. NOC 228.

Kalyan Singh v. State of M.P., 1989 Cri LJ 512 at p. 513.

Kalyan Singh v. State of M.P., 1989 Cri LJ 512 at p. 514 (MP).

Kanti Sardul Blarvad Vs. State of Gujrat, 2004 (4) Crimes 407 (Guj).

Kanu Bhai v. State of Gujarat 1972 (B) Guj LR 748.

Kanubhai Chhaganlal Brahmbhatt v. State of Guajrat, 1973 Cri LJ 533 at pp. 535-36

(Guj).

Kanubhai v. State of Gujarat, (1972) 13 Guj. LR 748.

Kanwaljit Singh v. Central Bureau of Investigation, 2003 Cri LJ 1584 at p. 1585 (P &

H).

Karan Dass v. State of H.P., 1995 Cri LJ 2995 at p. 2996-97 (HP).

Karan Singh v. State of Rajasthan, 1993 Cri LJ 251 at p. 251 (Raj).

Kashi Ram Vs. State (Case of Dacoity) 1960 CrLJ 1339:AIR 1960 MP 312.

Kasturchand Ramlal Badjate v. State of Maharashtra, 1981 Cri LJ 1328 at p. 1331

(Raj).

Kasturchand Ramlal Vs. State of Maharashtra 1981 Cr. L.J.1328 (Bom).

Kedar Nath Tiwari Vs. State of U. P. 1987 (1) Crimes 641 (All).

Kedar Nath Tiwari Vs. State of U. P., (1987) 1 Crimes 641; 1987 All. LJ 572; 1987

All.Cr. R. 289; 1988 (25) ACC 2.

Keshar Vs. State of Rajasthan, 1989 (3) Crimes 644 (Raj.)

Kewal Krishan Bajaj Vs. State of Haryana (1990), 3 Crimes 286 (P&H).

Khadim Ali v. Emperor, 22 Cr. L.J. 654 (All).

Khagendra Nath Bayan v. State of Assam, 1982 Cri LJ 2109 at p. 2111 (Gau).

Khagendra Nath Bayan v. State of Assam, 1982 Cri LJ 2109 at p. 2111 (Gau).

Khaliq War Vs. State, 1974 Cr.LJ 526 (J&K).

Kharak Singh v. State of U. P. AIR 1963 SC 1295.

Khatoon (I) v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar, (1980)1 SCC 81 at p. 88-89

Kochu Kunjio Vs. State of Kerala (1962), Cr. L. J. 436, 1961 Ker. L. T. 577.

Kumud Mahapatra Vs. Abhina Mallick, (1990) 69 Cut. LT 50

Kundal Majumdar Vs. State of Tripura, 2002 Cr. L. J. 353 (Gau).

Kunjlal Vs. State 1980 Cr.LT 350 (J&K).

(L)

L. Revani Vs. R.D. Gamdhi, 1998 Cr.L.J. 14 (15) (Guj).

Lachhmi Narain Vs. Emperor 40 Cr. LJ 283, AIR 1939 All. 156.

Lachman Prasad Vs. Emperor, AIR 1943 All. 23 at 24.

Lakhan Singh Vs. State of Rajasthan, 1987 R.L.W. 610

Lakhmir Singh Vs. State of Punjab 1981 CrLJ 258 at 259 (P&H).

Lakshmanan Velayudhan vs. State, AIR 1952 TC 182 at 183.

Lal Mohan Mandal Vs. Kali Kishore Bhuymah (1911)12 CrLJ 179 at 170 (Cat.).

Lalla Ram Vs. State of M.P. 1988 Cr. LR (MP) (N) 142.

Lilarani I.Revani Vs. R.D. Gandhi, 1998 Cr.L.J. 14 (15) (Guj).

Linga Raju Vs. The State of Chattisgarh, 2002 (1) Crimes 474 (Chatt.).

Livarsing Tejsing v. State of Gujarat, 2004 Cri LJ 465 at p. 467 at p. 467 (Guj).

Lokesh Bhardwaj Vs. State 1987 Cr.LR (Raj) 65.

(M)

M. Hanumantha Reddy Vs. Government of Mysore, AIR 1953 Mys. 132 at 133;

M. Krishnappa v. State of Karnataka, 1992 Cri LJ 2648 at p. 2651 (Kant).

M. P. Jayaraj v. State of Karnataka, 1977 Cri LJ 1724 at pp. 1724-25(Kant).

M.P. Ramesh v. State of Karnataka, 1991 Cri LJ 1298 at p. 1311 (Kant).

M.S.C. Rao v. State of Mysore, 1971 Mad LJ (Cr) 602: (1971) 2 Mys LJ:302.

Mahesh Chand Vs. State, 1952 Cr.LJ 943, AIR 1952 Tra. Co.201.

Makhan Singh Vs. State of Punjab AIR 1964 SC 381.

Mana v. Emperor, 25 Cr. L.J. 131: AIR 1924 Lah 622: 76 IC 227.

Maneka Gandhi Vs. Union of India AIR 1978 SC 597.

Mangi Lal Vs. State 1952 Cr. L.J. 1425.

Mangon Iboton Singh v. Union Territory of Manipur AIR 1969 Mani 6.

Manloor Khan Vs. State of Bihar, 1999 Cr.LJ 5006: 1998 SCC (Cri) 1541: (1998) 8

SCC 368

Manoj Agarwal v. State of Chhattisgarh, 2003 Cri LJ 3519 at p. 3522 (Chhattis).

Mansab Ali v. Irsan, (2003) 1 SCC 632 at p. 633 : AIR 2003 SC 707 : 2003 SCC (Cri)

399.

Mansur v. State of M.P., 1986 Cri LJ 57 at p. 59 (MP) : 1985 (2) Cur Cri J 313.

Mari Appa v. State of M.P., 1990 Cri LJ 1990 at p. 1992 (MP).

Marie Andra Leclerc Vs. State (Delhi Administration),(1984) 2 SCC 443.

Mathangonda Vs. State of Karnataka 1978 Cr. L.J. 1045 (Kant).

Mathew Zacharia Vs. State of Kerala, 1974 Ker. LT 42.

Mathew Zacharish Vs. State of Kerala, 1974 Cr.LJ 1198 (Ker-DB)

Mazahar Ali Vs. State, 1982 CrLJ 1223, 1225 (J&K)

MB Ramchandra Vs. State, 1953 CrLJ 17

Md. Abdul Sattar Vs. State of Assam 1986 (1) Crimes 263, 265 (Gau)

Mehboob Dawood Shaikh v. State of Maharashtra, (2004)2 SCC 362 at p. 368 : 2004

Cri LJ 1359 : 2004 SCC (Cri) 551.

Moti Ram Vs. State of Madhya Pradesh AIR 1978 SC 1594;1978 Cr.LJ 1703.

Moti Ram Vs. State of MP, 1978 Cr.LJ 1703:AIR 1978 SC 1594: (1978) 4 SCC 47

Mst. Chokhi v. State 1957 CrLJ 102: AIR 1957 Raj 10.

Munna Kamta Prasad Vs. State of M.P. 1986 (3) Crimes 429, 433 (MP).

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(N)

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(O)

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(P)

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(Q)

Queen Empress Vs. Gayitri Prosunno Ghosal, ILR 15 Cal. 455 at 457.

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Queen Vs. Kanta Sahu 23 WR 40

(R)

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Ram Singh Vs. State, 6 DLR (Raj) 31.

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Ramsarup Vs. Emperor, 27 CrLJ 1377: 98 IC 593.

Ramsewak Vs. State of M.P. 1979 Cr. LJ 1485:1980 MPLJ 100

Range Forest Officer Vs. A V. Hegde, 1978 Cr. L.J. 1374.

Ranveer Singh Vs. Desh Raj Singh Chauhan, 1983 All.LJ 1051 at 1055; 1983 All.

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(S)

S.S.Bariwal Vs. State of W.B. 82, Cal WN 428,

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Shambhu Singh Vs. State of Rajasthan, 1989 Cr.L.R. (Raj.) 192

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Sheikh Salim Sheikh Baboo Vs. State of MP, 1985 MPLJ 65.

Shikh Khasin Bi v. State AIR 1986 AP 345: 1986 Cr.LJ 1303 (FB)

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Sunil Batra Vs. Delhi Admn. AIR 1978 SC 1671.

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(T)

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Thaniel Victor Vs. State, 1991 (1) Crimes 354, 362 (Mad).

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The Crown Vs. Makhan Lal 48 Cr. L. J. 656.

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(U)

Uma Shankar Vs. State of M.P. 1982 CrLJ (MP) Notes 168

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Uttam Singh Vs. State of Punjab (1973) 76 PLR 699.

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(V)

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Vasant Vinayak Bhagwat Vs. State, AIR 1951 M.B. 104.

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Vijay Narain Vs. State, 1976 CLR 68 (H.P.)

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(W)

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