Chapter Outlines All

7/23/2019 Chapter Outlines All

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AP U.S. Government Student Outline

Introduction: An Introduction to GovernmentChapter 1: Introducing Government in America

I. Two Central Questions

II. Government, Politics, and Public Policy

A. Government

1. What Is Government?

. What Governments !o

". Politics

C. What Politics Is

!. Political Involvement

#. Public Policy

III. The Political $ystem

A. Political Issues and %in&a'e Institutions

". (a&in' Public Policy) The Policyma&in' Institutions

C. Policies *ave Im+acts

I. !emocratic Government


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A. !e-nin' !emocracy

". Traditional !emocratic Theory

C. Three Contem+orary Theories o American !emocracy

1. Pluralism

. #lite and Class Theory

/. *y+er+luralism

. Challen'es to !emocracy

1. *ow Can the Peo+le Conront Com+le0 Issues?

. Are Citiens !oin' Their 2ob?

/. Is American !emocracy Too !e+endent on (oney?

3. Can the Political $ystem Ada+t to Today4s 5a+idly Chan'in'World?

6. !oes America4s !iversity Produce Governmental Gridloc&?


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Part One: Constitutional FoundationsChapter : !he Constitution

I. The 7ri'ins o the Constitution

A. The 5oad to 5evolution

". !eclarin' Inde+endence

C. The #n'lish *erita'e) The Power o Ideas

!. 2e8erson4s *andiwor&) The American Creed

#. Winnin' Inde+endence

9. The :Conservative; 5evolution

G. The Government That 9ailed) 1


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". Philoso+hy into Action

1. iews o *uman @ature

. iews o Political Conict

/. iews o the 7bBects o Government

3. iews o Government

III. The A'enda in Philadel+hia

A. The #uality Issues

1. #uality and 5e+resentation o the $tates

. $lavery

/. Political #uality

". The #conomic Issues

C. The Individual 5i'ht Issues


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Chapter ": FederalismI. !e-nin' 9ederalism

A. What 9ederalism Is

". Why 9ederalism Is $o Im+ortant

II. The Constitutional "asis o 9ederalism

A. The !ivision o Power

". #stablishin' @ational $u+remacy

1. (cCulloch v. (aryland

. 9ederalism as the "attle'round o the $tru''le or #uality

C. $tates4 7bli'ations to #ach 7ther

1. 9ull 9aith and Credit

. #0tradition

/. Privile'es and Immunities

III. Inter'overnmental 5elations Today

A. 9rom !ual to Coo+erative 9ederalism

". 9iscal 9ederalism 1. The 9ederal Grant $ystem) !istributin' the 9ederal Pie


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. The $cramble or 9ederal !ollars

/. The (andate "lues

I. Dnderstandin' 9ederalism

A. 9ederalism and !emocracy

1. Advanta'es or !emocracy

. !isadvanta'es or !emocracy

". 9ederalism and the Growth o the @ational Government


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Chapter #: Civil $i%erties and Pu%lic Polic&

I. The "ill o 5i'hts > Then and @ow

A. The "ill o 5i'hts and the $tates

II. 9reedom o 5eli'ion

A. The #stablishment Clause

". The 9ree #0ercise Clause

III. 9reedom o #0+ression

A. Prior 5estraint

". 9ree $+eech and Public 7rder

C. 9ree Press and 9air Trials

!. 7bscenity

#. %ibel and $lander

9. $ymbolic $+eech

G. Commercial $+eech

*. 5e'ulation o the Public Airwaves

I. 9reedom o Assembly


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1. 5i'ht to Assemble

. 5i'ht to Associate

I. !eendants4 5i'hts

A. Inter+retin' !eendants4 5i'hts

". $earches and $eiures

C. $el>Incrimination

!. The 5i'ht to Counsel

#. Trial by 2ury

9. Cruel and Dnusual Punishment

. The 5i'ht to Privacy

A. Is There a 5i'ht to Privacy?

". 9irestorms over Abortion

C. A Time to %ive and a Time to !ie

I. Dnderstandin' Civil %iberties

Chapter ': Civil (ights and Pu%lic Polic&

I. Two Centuries o $tru''le


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A. Conce+tions o #uality

". #arly American iews o #uality

C. The Constitution and Ineuality

II. 5ace, the Constitution, and Public Policy

A. The #ra o $lavery

". The #ra o 5econstruction and 5ese're'ation

C. The #ra o Civil 5i'hts

!. Gettin' and Dsin' the 5i'ht to ote

#. 7ther (inority Grou+s

III. Women, the Constitution, and Public Policy

A. The "attle or the ote

". The :!oldrums;) 1EF>1E=F

C. The $econd 9eminist Wave

!. Women in the Wor&+lace


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#. Wa'e !iscrimination and Com+arable Worth

9. Women in the (ilitary

G. $e0ual *arassment

I. @ewly Active Grou+s Dnder the Civil 5i'hts Dmbrella

A. Civil 5i'hts and the Grayin' o America

". Are the oun' a !isadvanta'ed Grou+, Too?

C. Civil 5i'hts and the Peo+le With !isabilities

!. Gay and %esbian 5i'hts

. AHrmative Action

I. Dnderstandin' Civil 5i'hts and Public Policy

A. Civil 5i'hts and !emocracy

". Civil 5i'hts and the $co+e o Government

Chapter ): Pu%lic Opinion and Political Action

I. The American Peo+le

A. The Immi'rant $ociety


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". The American (eltin' Pot

C. The 5e'ional $hit

!. The Grayin' o America

II. *ow Americans %earn About Politics) Political $ocialiation

A. The Process o Political $ocialiation

1. The 9amily

. The (ass (edia

/. $chool

". Political %earnin' 7ver a %ietime

III. What Americans "elieve) Public 7+inion and Policy

A. (easurin' Public 7+inion

". The 5ole o Polls in American !emocracy

C. What Polls 5eveal About Americans4 Political Inormation

I. What Americans alue) Political Ideolo'ies

A. !o Peo+le Thin& in Ideolo'ical Terms?

". Peo+le %i&ed 5ea'an but not his Policies


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. *ow Americans Partici+ate in Politics

A. Conventional Partici+ation

". Protest as Partici+ation

C. Class, Ineuality, and Partici+ation

I. Dnderstandin' Public 7+inion and Political Action

A. Public Attitudes Toward the $co+e o Government

". !emocracy, Public 7+inion, and Political Action


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Chapter *: !he +ass +edia and the Political Agenda

I. The (ass (edia Today

II. The !evelo+ment o the (ass (edia

A. The Print (edia

". The "roadcast (edia

III. 5e+ortin' the @ews

A. !e-nin' @ews

". 9indin' the @ews

C. Presentin' the @ews

!. "ias in the @ews

I. The @ews and Public 7+inion

. The Policy A'enda and the $+ecial 5ole o the (edia

I. Dnderstandin' the (ass (edia

A. The (edia and the $co+e o Government

". Individualism

C. !emocracy and the (ediaChapter ,: Political Parties


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I. The (eanin' o Party

A. Tas&s o the Parties

". Parties, oters, and Policy) the !owns (odel

II. The Party in the #lectorate

III. The Party 7r'aniations) 9rom the Grass 5oots to Washin'ton

A. %ocal Parties) The !yin' Drban (achines

". The 9ity $tate Party $ystems

C. $tate Parties as %e'al 7r'aniations

!. The @ational Party 7r'aniations

I. The Party in Government) Promises and Policy

. Party #ras in American *istory

A. 113) The 9irst Party $ystem

". 1>16=) 2ac&son and the !emocrats ersus the Whi's

C. 1=F>1E) The Two 5e+ublican #ras

!. 1E/>1E=3) The @ew !eal Coalition

#. 1EPresent) The #ra o !ivided Government


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I. The Parties Today) !eali'nment and 5enewal

A. The !emocrats) #nsurin' 5e+resentation

". The 5e+ublicans) Puttin' Technolo'y to Dse

C. Third Parties) Their Im+act on American Politics

!. Two Parties) $o What?

II. Dnderstandin' Political Parties

A. !emocracy and 5es+onsible Party Government

". Individualism and Gridloc&

C. American Political Parties and the $co+e o Government

!. Is the Party 7ver?


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Chapter -: ominations and Campaigns

I. The @omination Game

A. !ecidin' to 5un

". Com+etin' or !ele'ates

1. The Caucus 5oad

. The Presidential Primary 5oad

/. #valuatin' the Primary and Caucus $ystem

C. The Convention $end>78

II. The Cam+ai'n Game

A. The *i'h>Tech Cam+ai'n

". 7r'aniin' the Cam+ai'n

C. (oney and Cam+ai'nin'

1. The (ae o Cam+ai'n 9inance 5eorms

. 9ederal #lection Commission 9#CJ

/. The Prolieration o PACs

3. Are Cam+ai'ns Too #0+ensive?


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6. !oes (oney "uy ictory?

!. The (edia and the Cam+ai'n

#. The Im+act o Cam+ai'ns

III. Dnderstandin' @ominations and Cam+ai'ns

A. Are @ominations and Cam+ai'ns Too !emocratic?

". !o "i' Cam+ai'ns %ead to an Increased $co+e o Government?


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Chapter 1/: 0lections and oting 2ehavior

I. *ow American #lections Wor&

II. A Tale o Three #lections

A. 1FF) The 9irst #lectoral Transition o Power

". 1E=) A "itter 9i'ht 7ver #conomic Interests

C. The 1EE= #lection) "uildin' a "rid'e to the Twenty>9irst Century

III. Whether to ote) A Citien4s 9irst Choice

A. Who otes and Who $tays *ome?

". The 5e'istration $ystem

C. A Policy A++roach to !ecidin' Whether to ote

I. *ow Americans ote) #0+lainin' Citiens4 !ecisions

A. Party Identi-cation

". Candidate #valuations) *ow Americans $ee the Candidates

C. Policy otin'

. The %ast "attle) The #lectoral Colle'e


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Chapter 1: CongressI. The 5e+resentatives and $enators

A. The 2ob

". The (embers

II. Con'ressional #lections

A. Who Wins?

". The Advanta'es o Incumbents

1. Advertisin'

. Credit Claimin'

/. Position Ta&in'

3. Wea& 7++onents

C. The 5ole o Party Identi-cation

!. !eeatin' Incumbents

#. (oney in Con'ressional #lections

9. $tability and Chan'e

III. *ow Con'ress is 7r'anied to (a&e Policy A. American "icameralism


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1. The *ouse

. The $enate

". Con'ressional %eadershi+

1. The *ouse

. The $enate

/. Con'ressional %eadershi+ in Pers+ective

C. The Committees and $ubcommittees

1. The Committees at Wor&) %e'islation and 7versi'ht

. Gettin' on a Committee

/. Gettin' Ahead on the Committee) Chairs and the $eniority $ystem

!. Caucuses) The Inormal 7r'aniation o Con'ress

I. The Con'ressional Process

A. Presidents and Con'ress) Partners and Prota'onists

". Party, Constituency, and Ideolo'y

Chapter 1": !he Presidenc&


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I. The Presidents

A. Great #0+ectations

". Who They Are

C. *ow They Got There

1. #lections) The @ormal 5oad to the White *ouse

. The ice Presidency) Another 5oad to the White *ouse

/. Im+eachment and $uccession

II. Presidential Powers

A. Constitutional Powers

". The #0+ansion o Power

III. 5unnin' the Government) The Chie #0ecutive

A. The Cabinet

". The #0ecutive 7Hce

C. The White *ouse $ta8

I. Presidential %eadershi+ o Con'ress) The Politics o $hared Powers

A. Chie %e'islator


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". Party %eadershi+

1. The "onds o Party

. $li++a'e in Party $u++ort

/. %eadin' the Party

C. Public $u++ort

.1. Public A++roval

!. %e'islative $&ills

. The President and @ational $ecurity Policy

A. Chie !i+lomat

". Commander in Chie

C. War Powers

!. Crisis (ana'er

#. Wor&in' With Con'ressChapter 1#: !he Congress3 the President3 And the 2udget: !hePolitics o4 !a5ing and Spending

I. The Government4s $ources o 5evenue

A. Income Ta0


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". $ocial Insurance Ta0es

C. "orrowin'

!. Ta0es and Public Policy

1. Ta0 %oo+holes

. Ta0 #0+enditures

/. Ta0 5eduction

3. Ta0 5eorm

II. 9ederal #0+enditures

A. "i' Governments, "i' "ud'ets

". The 5ise and !ecline o the @ational $ecurity $tate

C. The 5ise o the $ocial $ervice $tate

!. Incrementalism

#. :Dncontrollable; #0+enditures

III. The "ud'etary Process

A. "ud'etary Politics


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1. $ta&es and $trate'ies

. The Players

". The President4s "ud'et

C. Con'ress and the "ud'et

1. 5eormin' the Process

. The $uccess o the 1E


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Chapter 1': !he Federal 2ureaucrac&

I. The "ureaucrats

A. $ome "ureaucratic (yths and 5ealities

". Who they are and *ow they 'ot there

1. Civil $ervice) 9rom Patrona'e to Protection

. The 7ther 5oute to 9ederal 2obs) 5ecruitin' rom the Plum "oo&

II. What They !o) $ome Theories o "ureaucracy

A. The Weberian (odel

". The Acuisitive, (ono+olistic "ureaucracy

C. Garba'e cans and "ureaucracies

III. *ow "ureaucracies are or'anied

A. The Cabinet !e+artments

". The 5e'ulatory A'encies

C. The Government Cor+orations

!. The Inde+endent #0ecutive A'encies

I. "ureaucracies as Im+lementers


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A. What Im+lementation (eans

". Why the "est>%aid Plans $ometimes 9lun& the Im+lementation Test

1. Pro'ram !esi'n

. %ac& o Clarity

/. %ac& o 5esources

3. Administrative 5outine

6. Administrators4 !is+ositions

=. 9ra'mentation

C. A Case $tudy) The otin' 5i'hts Act o 1E=6

. "ureaucracies as 5e'ulators

A. 5e'ulation in the #conomy and in #veryday %ie

1. A 9ull !ay o 5e'ulation

". 5e'ulation) *ow it Grew, *ow it Wor&s

C. Toward !ere'ulation

Chapter 1): !he Federal CourtsI. The @ature o the 2udicial $ystem


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A. Partici+ants in the 2udicial $ystem

1. %iti'ants

. Grou+s

/. Attorneys

II. The $tructure o the 9ederal 2udicial $ystem

A. !istrict Courts

". Courts o A++eal

C. The $u+reme Court

III. The Politics o 2udicial $election

A. The %ower Courts

". The $u+reme Court

I. The "ac&'rounds o 2ud'es and 2ustices

. The Courts as Policyma&ers

A. Acce+tin' Cases ". (a&in' !ecisions

C. Im+lementin' Court !ecisions


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I. The Courts and the Policy A'enda

A. A *istorical 5eview

1. 2ohn (arshall and the Growth o 2udicial 5eview

. The :@ine 7ld (en;

/. The Warren Court

3. The "ur'er Court

6. The 5ehnuist Court

II. Dnderstandin' the Courts

A. The Courts and !emocracy

". What Courts $hould !o) The $co+e o 2udicial Power


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Chapter 1*: 0conomic Polic&ma6ingI. Government and the #conomy

A. #lections and the #conomy

". Political Parties and the #conomy

II. Government4s Instruments or Controllin' the #conomy

A. (onetary Policy and the 9ed

". 9iscal Policy) Keynesian ersus $u++ly>side #conomics

III. 7bstacles to Controllin' the #conomy

I. Arenas o #conomic Policyma&in'

A. "usiness and Public Policy) $ubsidies Amid 5e'ulations

1. The Chan'in' 9ace o Cor+orate Ca+italism

. 5e'ulatin' "usiness

/. "ene-tin' "usiness

". Consumer Policy) The 5ise o the Consumer %obby

C. %abor and Government

. Dnderstandin' #conomic Policyma&in'Chapter 1,: Social 7el4are Polic&ma6ing


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I. Income, Poverty, and Public Policy

A. Who4s Gettin' What?

". Who4s At the "ottom? Poverty in America

II. The @ature o Wealth and Poverty

A. Is There a Culture o Poverty?

". *ow Public Policy A8ects Income

1. Ta0ation

. Government #0+enditures

III. $ocial Welare Pro'rams

A. #ntitlement and Poverty Pro'rams

". $ocial Welare Policy #lsewhere

I. The #volution o America4s $ocial Welare Pro'rams

A. The @ew !eal and the #lderly

". President 2ohnson and the Great $ociety

Chapter 1-: Polic&ma6ing 4or 8ealth3 0nerg&3 and the0nvironment


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I. *ealth Care Policy

A. The *ealth o Americans

". The Cost o *ealth Care

C. Access to *ealth Care

!. The 5ole o Government in *ealth Care

#. Policyma&in' or *ealth Care

II. #ner'y Policy

A. America4s #ner'y Pro-le

". Policyma&in' or #ner'y Issues

III. #nvironmental Policy

A. #conomic Growth and the #nvironment

". Public Concern about the #nvironment

C. #nvironmental Policies in America

!. !ealin' with To0ic Wastes

Chapter /: Foreign and 9e4ense Polic&ma6ing

I. American 9orei'n Policy) (ethods and Actors


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A. Actors on the World $ta'e

". The Policyma&ers

1. The !i+lomats

. The @ational $ecurity #stablishment

/. Con'ress

II. American 9orei'n Policy) An 7verview

A. The Cold War

1. Containment and Korea

. The $wellin' o the Penta'on

/. The ietnam War

". The #ra o !Ltente

C. The 5ea'an 5earmament

!. The 9inal Thaw in the Cold War

III. The Politics o !eense Policy

A. !eense $+endin'

". Personnel


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C. Wea+ons

I. The @ew Global A'enda

A. The !ecreasin' 5ole o (ilitary Power

". The International #conomy

1. International Trade

. "alance o Trade

C. International Ineuality and 9orei'n Aid

!. The Global Connection, #ner'y, and the #nvironment

1. Growin' #ner'y !e+endency

. #nvironment and the World Commons

. Dnderstandin' 9orei'n and !eense Policyma&in'

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