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Chapter Preview 2
Chapter Preview · Section 2Theoretical Perspectives and Sport (pages 503–511)
Functionalists see sport positively, as a means for socializing young people, promoting social integration, providing a release for tensions, and developing sound character. Conflict theorists believe that organized sports can be harmful to character development. Symbolic interactionists focus on the self-concepts and relationships developed through sport activities.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section-Polling Question
0% 0%0%0%
What do you think is the main function of sport?
A. Character development
B. Promote social identification
C. Release for tension
D. Teach basic norms
Section 2
Culture and Sport
• Sport is a major social activity through which culture is created and reinforced.
• Sociologists disagree about the social implications of sport.
Sport Paradoxes
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2
“American sport embodies American values…”
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
A. Agree
B. Disagree
C. Not sure0% 0%0%
Section 2
Functionalism
• Functionalists think sport is important because it helps society work more smoothly.
Olympic Success
Section 2
Functionalism (cont.)
• The functions of sport:
– To teach basic beliefs, norms, and values.
– To promote a sense of social identification.
– To offer a safe release of aggressive feelings generated by the frustrations, anxieties, and strains of modern life.
– To encourage the development of character.
Section 2
Functionalism (cont.)
• Dysfunctions of sport:
– The desire to win may cause extreme violence.
– It may also cause cheating.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
0% 0%0%0%
How do functionalists view the role of sport in society?
A. Sport teaches basic beliefs, norms, and values.
B. Sport promotes a sense of social identification.
C. Sport offers a safe release of aggressive feelings generated by the frustrations, anxieties,and strains of modern life.
D. Sport encourages the development of character.
Section 2
Conflict Theory
• To conflict theorists, sport is a social institution in which the most powerful oppress, manipulate, coerce, and exploit others.
• Although sport unites temporarily, inequality and social division still exist.
Section 2
Conflict Theory (cont.)
• They also believe that the better one is at a sport, the less sportsmanship he or she shows.
• Sports scandals seem to be everywhere.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
0% 0%0%0%
What are some of the drugs that athletes take?
A. Steroids
B. Growth hormones
C. Amphetamines
D. All of the above
Section 2
Symbolic Interactionism
• This perspective concentrates on personal meaning, social relationships, and self-identity processes.
• The meanings of the symbols associated with sports affect the self-concepts, as well as the relationships, of those involved.
Section 2
Symbolic Interactionism (cont.)
• Limitations of each perspective:
– Functionalists—critics of this perspective contend that many sports have become so closely tied to elite interests that they contribute more to private profit than to the general well-being of society.
Section 2
Symbolic Interactionism (cont.)
– Conflict theorists—they tend to overlook the positive contributions of sport to society.
– Symbolic interactionists—they fail to include the broader social and cultural context.
Social Effects of Sport
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
0% 0%0%0%
How were social interaction and self-concepts affected by sports?
A. Hustle
B. Weaker
C. Aggressive behavior
D. Loss of self-esteem
Figure 15.1
Figure 15.2
World View
Olympic Success
Source: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2005.