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Chapter Seven © 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw- Hill Higher Education Good Reading is Like Good Driving . . . pay attention to what’s coming up!
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Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Good Reading is Like Good Driving
. . . pay attention to what’s coming up!
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Pay Attention to Road Signs
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Six Types of Writing Patterns
Ask:
Which pattern did the author use to organize the main idea and supporting details?
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Six Types of Writing Patterns
listing / classification /division compare-contrastsimilarities-differences
sequence / time order /process / series cause-effect
definition (with example) spatial / place order
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing / Classification / Division Pattern
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types: misdirection and suppression.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing or Classification Verb Cues
classify categorize divide
break down separate group
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing or ClassificationWord or Style Cues
• 1, 2, 3• a, b, c
andalso
anotherin addition
moreoverfurthermore
signsexamplespatterns
typeswayskinds
classesgroups
categories
partselementsfeatures
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing or ClassificationPunctuation Cues
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types: misdirection and suppression.
According to University of Arizona psychologist Roger J. Daldrup, the unhealthy expression of anger can be divided into two main types – misdirection and suppression.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing or Classification Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 398 & 399
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern
The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Cues
first, second, third
now, then, next, finally
steps, phases,
series, stages
progression, process,
spectrum, continuum
before, during, after,
when
dates & words that
refer to time
instructions & directions
1, 2, 3 . . . a, b, c . . .
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Sequence / Time Order / Process / Series Pattern
The body reacts to anger with immediate physical changes. First, blood rushes to the face. Next, respiration speeds up. The digestive process slows down and muscles tense up. At this point, the angrier we become, the stronger we feel.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Listing or Classification Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 401, 402, 403
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Verb Cues
defined as described as is called
refers tois referred to as means is
is known as
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example)Word or Style Cues
bolditalicscolor
in other wordsor
that isi.e.,
definition listfollowing a
: , -- (in parentheses)
[in brackets]
for example,for instance,
e.g.,
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
The terms anger and hostility are often used interchangeably to describe a set of negative emotions, but they are not the same. Anger has been defined as a temporary emotion that may or may not be accompanied by outward expression. Hostility, on the other hand, is described as an attitude rather than a temporary emotion. The concept of anger usually refers to an emotional state.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Anorexia nervosa, or an eating disorder that can lead to starvation, occurs most often in teenage girls.
Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder that can lead to starvation) occurs most often in teenage girls.
Anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder that can lead to starvation – occurs most often in teenage girls.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, i.e., an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa, that is, an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
An illness affecting primarily teenage girls is anorexia nervosa: an eating disorder that can lead to starvation.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, e.g., anorexia nervosa and bulimia
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for instance, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
Several types of eating disorder affect primarily teenage girls, for example, anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 404-405
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Compare-and-Contrast(Similarities and Differences) Pattern
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern
There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Comparison / Similarities Word Cues
similarlylikewise
bothalso
resemblesparallels
in the same wayin the same manner Comparatives:
saferslowerfasterlighter
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Contrast / Differences Word Cues
in contrasthowever
on the other hand
whereaswhile
although
howevernevertheless
instead
converselyrather than
as opposed to
differentdifferingopposite
some . . . othersother opposite words like advantages and
disadvantages
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Compare-and-Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Pattern
There are many curious parallels in the deaths of Presidents Lincoln and Kennedy. Both were assassinated on a Friday; both were deeply involved in civil rights for blacks; and both presidents were succeeded by vice presidents named Johnson who were southern Democrats and former senators. On the other hand, there are significant differences between the two. Whereas Lincoln was born poor, Kennedy was born to a wealthy family. Lincoln was president during the Civil War. In contrast, Kennedy served during the Cold War.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Definition (with Example) Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 406
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger.
The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Cause-and-Effect Word Cues
reasonscauses
explanations
resultseffects
outcome
becausesince
therefore, thusconsequently
is due to ___was caused by___resulted from ___
___ leads to___ results in
___ was caused by___ is due to___ resulted fromleads to ___results in ___
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
The most common cause of anger is physical or psychological restraint – being held back from something we intensely want. Sometimes emotions such as distress, sorrow, or fear can lead to anger.
The most recent research shows that the effects of anger are diverse. Consider the wide range of physiological reactions that go with it: muscle tension, scowling, clenching of fists, flushing. One of the major physiological effects of anger is the release of adrenaline and nonadrenaline; prolonged release can result in high blood pressure and headache. The effects of cancer can be as serious as cancer and heart disease.
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Cause-and-Effect Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 408-410
Chapter Seven
© 2009-2010 Martha J. Bianco, Ph.D., and McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Spatial / Place Order Pattern
Stop & Annotatep. 411
