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Vocal Music: Classical Opera• Rise of opera buffa (comic opera)– Realistic characters
– Recitative and aria
– Moves smoothly between styles
– Rapid changes in mood
• Use of vocal ensembles– Multiple characters often sing simultaneously
– Each character responds to the dramatic action
– Ensemble often closes a scene or act
– Typifies the more democratic spirit of the late 18th-century
Mozart and Opera
• Master of Classical opera
• Wrote Italian opera seria, modern opera buffa, and German Singspiel – Singspiel: Spoken dialogue and songs [Mozart’s Die
Zauberflöte (1791)]
• Created a new kind of opera that mixed serious and comic elements to powerful effects– Le nozze di Figaro (1786)
– Don Giovanni (1787)