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10.2 Addition reactions
• In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
• The process of creating large molecules from small ones is called polymerization.
Analogy Alert!
• Think of synthesis reactions as couples coming together
• Tom Cruise + Katie Holmes → TomKat!• Note: The book calls it addition reaction
10.2 Decomposition reactions
• A chemical reaction in which a single compound is broken down to produce two or more smaller compounds is called a decomposition reaction.
Analogy Alert
• If a synthesis reaction is two people coming together, then a decomposition reaction is two people breaking up
• BritKFed → Britney Spears + Kevin Federline
10.2 Displacement reactions
• In single-displacement reactions, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.
Analogy Alert
• In a single-displacement reaction, one loner element kicks out another element in a molecule
• BradJen + Angelina Jolie → BrAngelina + Jennifer Aniston
10.2 Precipitation reactions
• A precipitate is a new solid product that comes out of solution in a chemical reaction.
• The formation of a cloudy precipitate is evidence that a double-displacement reaction has occurred.
Analogy Alert
• In Double Displacement, atoms in two molecules switch places.
• It’s like that TV show, Trading Spouses
Combustion
• There is a special kind of reaction called combustion reactions.
• In these reactions, fuels (ex: gasoline, wood, sugar, propane) react with Oxygen to yield Carbon Dioxide and Water
10.2 Combustion reactions• In a perfect reaction, all the hydrocarbon
molecules are completely burned to into carbon dioxide and water.
• In an engine not all the fuel burns completely and pollutants such as carbon monoxide are also formed.
10.2 Nuclear reactions
• Nuclear reactions change the nucleus of an atom.
• Because they affect the nucleus itself, nuclear reactions can change one element into a different element.