Chapter Ten

Operating the Server Console

Chapter Objectives

• Describe Essential Console Commands and NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)

• Use NetWare Console Commands to secure the console

• Use Java Utilities to view server statistics and create a user

• Use Remote console management to access the server console from a workstation attached to the network

Chapter Objectives

• Configure workstations to access the network using the TCP/IP protocol

• Use the VREPAIR NLM to fix volume problems

• Use the SMS (Storage Management System) to back up network data

Console Operations

• Console Commands– Built into

Server.exe

• NetWare Loadable Modules– loaded into

memory to provide additional processing logic.

Server Startup Process

• Run SERVER.EXE from DOS partition.

• SERVER.EXE checks for commands in the STARTUP.NCF file while loading.– Disk drivers are loaded

– SYS volume is mounted

• After SERVER.EXE is loaded it performs any commands from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.– Server name, network card drivers and protocols

provided.

Console Commands

• BIND [protocol] to [driver]

Console Commands

• CONFIG

Sample CONFIG Command

Console Commands• DISPLAY SERVERS

Console Commands

• DISABLE/ENABLE LOGIN– Prevents or allows new users on the system.

– Issue DISABLE LOGIN before downing server.

• DOWN– Closes all files

– Exists server.exe program

– Returns to DOS prompt unless the SECURE CONSOLE command has been executed.

Console Commands

• LOAD– Loads an NLM into memory. Typing the name of a

module on the console will automatically do a load.

• MODULES– Displays all NLM currently loaded into memory.

• MOUNT– Places a volume on-line for access on the network.

• DISMOUNT– Takes a volume off-line. Often used for volume repair.

Console Commands

• SEND– SEND “message” TO #

• SET TIME– SET TIME 10/30/99 3:00p

– SET TIME 4:00p

– SET TIME October 30, 1999

• UNBIND– Removes a protocol from a LAN driver

NetWare Loadable Modules

• Provide additional functionality and utilities

• Types of NLMs– Disk Drivers

• HAM and CDM extensions

– LAN Drivers• LAN extensions

– Name Space• NAM extensions

– General Purpose• NLM extensions

Disk Drivers

• Loaded during startup process from the STARTUP.NCF file.

• Host Bus Adapter modules (HBA extension)

– Drivers that manage the disk controller card.

• Control Device Modules (CDM extension)

– Drivers that manage individual devices such as disk drives, CD-ROMs, and tape drives.

LAN Drivers

• Control network adapter cards.

• Loaded from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.

• Must be loaded once for each frame type.– Frame type specifies the format of data packets.– Common Ethernet frame types:

• 802.3 - Used with early NetWare servers

• 802.2 - Used with IPX protocol

• Ethernet II - Used with TCP/IP protocol

Adding a New Frame Type

Name Space Modules

• Name Space modules add logic to the Server for processing file requests from different client operating systems.– Loaded in Startup.NCF.

– LONG.NAM - Loaded by default for SYS volume. Supports Windows 255 character file names.

– MAC.NAM - Included for supporting Macintosh computers

NWCONFIG Module

• Used to modify server configuration and install new products such as the Web Server and TCP/IP services.

Monitor Module

• Use to view:– Tab key flips between menu and

screen.– Server performance– Current connections– System statistics

• Important statistics:– Utilization < 70%– Total Cache > 1/3 of Original

Cache– Dirty Cache < 1/3 Total– Packet Receive < 400

•

Monitor Module - Cache Utilization

• Cache memory is needed to store recent disk blocks and reduce the number of disk reads.

• Select the Disk Cache Utilization option.– Long term cache hits

should be over 90%.

– Add memory or remove modules if Long Term cache hits < 90%

VRepair Module

• Volume cannot be mounted.– Volume Allocation Tables can be damaged due to

power outages, server crashes, faulty software.

– After repairs are made, notify users to check their files for possible problems.

• Check volume integrity.– Preventative maintenance tool.

– Document any problems.

– Decide whether to write repairs to disk.

Using VRepair (1)

• Start VRepair utility.– If SYS volume is

mounted, enter the command VREPAIR or LOAD VREPAIR from the server console.

– If SYS volume is not mounted, enter the command: LOAD C:VREPAIR to load VREPAIR.NLM from the DOS partitions.

Using VRepair (2)

• Select VREPAIR options:– Option 3 keeps changes

in memory for later update.

– Option 1 allows you to remove a name space from a volume.

• Return to Main Menu and select the Repair a Volume option.

Using VRepair (3)

• Select a volume to repair.– Volume to repair must

be dismounted.

• If an error is found, VREPAIR displays the Current Error Settings window.– Select the option 1 “Do

not pause”– Select option 2 to log

errors to a file.

Using VRepair (4)

• Select option 4 to continue repair.

• A status windows is displayed.

• At end of VREPAIR write repairs to disk.

• Continue to run VREPAIR until no errors are reported.

Server Licensing

• Manages Novell Software licensing.• Components:

– License Service provider

– License container

– License certificate object

• Utilities:– NetWare Administrator - display and configure

– NLS Manager - display, configure, and reports

– NWCONFIG - install server licenses

NetWare Licensing Services

Activity - Check Server License

• In this activity you will use NetWare Administrator to browse to the Class container, find the license container object and then verify the number of licenses available and in-use on your classroom server.

Java

• The Java language was developed by Sun Microsystems.

• Important for developing Internet client/server applications.– Part of application runs on server while the user

interface runs on the client.

• Uses a Java engine to process program instructions.– Java engines allows Java to run on multiple platforms.

Java on NetWare

• Requirements:– 48 to 64 MB RAM

– VESA 1.2 video driver for 640x480 with 256 colors.

• Non-VESA 1.2 provides 640x480 with 16 colors.

• JAVA.NLM engine loaded in AUTOEXEC.NCF.• Run JAVA application using command:

– JAVA ProgramName [options]

• Run JAVA Applet:– Java applets consist of Script commands in an HTML document.

– APPLET [path\filename.html] or [http:\\url]

Java GUI Console

• Java console is X-Windows based GUI console started by the command STARTX in AUTOEXEC.NCF.

• Functions:– Install additional server products.

– Tools• Settings for display and mouse

• Background colors

• Keyboard settings

– Start ConsoleOne

ConsoleOne

• Manage Server and NDS Tree from console.• In ConsoleOne, My World icon includes:

– My Server• Volumes

• Configuration Files

• Tools

– The Network– Shortcuts

Server Configuration Files

• Allows changes to STARTUP and AUTOEXEC NCF files.

• Click the Configuration Files object– Double click the configuration file you want to

change.

Working with the File System

• Click the dot to the left of the Volumes object under My Server.

• Click the dot to the left of the volume you want to work with.

• Browse to the directory or file.• Click the file or directory and perform file

operations:– Create, Delete, Rename, Copy, or Edit

Console Management

• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.

• Click the Console Management option.

• Enter “localhost” in the Hostname field and include the administrator’s password.

• Click the Connect button.

• All existing console screens will be windowed. Select the screen to work with.

Accessing Remote Consoles

• Remote server must be running the following NLM.– RCONAG6 passwordpassword 2034 16800

• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.• Click RConsoleJ to display a console selection

screen. • Enter the network address of the server and correct

password.• Access the remote server’s text console.

Working with NDS

• Click the dot to the left of “The Network” icon.

• Click the dot to the left of “Novell Directory Services” to display a list of trees.

• Click the dot to the left of the desired NDS tree.

• Log in.

Creating Objects

• You can create the following object types:– Container

– Group

– User

• Right-click the parent container.

• Select the object type from the New option.

• Enter object data and click Create.

Securing the Console

• Enter the command SECURE CONSOLE.– Allows loading of NLMs only from the SYSTEM

directory.

– Prevents use of keyboard debugger.

– Prevents using the SET TIME command to change date or time.

– DOWN command does not return to DOS prompt.

• SCRSAVER Utility– Locks console until correct password is entered.

Remote Console Management

• Allows text based server consoles to be accessed from a workstation using the RCONSOLE software.

• Setup steps:– Load REMOTE and RSPX

NLMs at server.– Log in and run

RCONSOLE on the client.– Access RCONSOLE

options menu.

RCONSOLE Function Keys

• Alt+F1– View RCONSOLE menu

• Alt+F2– Exit RCONSOLE

• Alt+F3– Move forward through console screens

• Alt+F4– Move backward through console screens

Remote Console Menu

• Allows operator to do the following:– Copy files to the

server, including the DOS (C) partition.

– Select a server screen.

– Return to DOS prompt on workstation.

– Display workstation address.

– Exit Remote Console

Activity - Copy Files to Server

• In this activity you will use the RCONSOLE utility to simulate copying a new disk driver to the server’s C:\NWSERVER directory. Be sure to include your assigned number prior to your file to make it unique.

Backing up Server Data

• Storage Management System– Host server

• Server that contains backup hardware.

– Target server• Server to be backed up.

– Parent• Directory or folder to backup.

– Child• Files

Storage Management System

Establishing a Backup Process

• Determine Storage Needs.

• Determine a Backup Strategy.

• Assign a backup user.

• Run Backup software.

• Test the backup.

• Develop a disaster recovery procedure.

Backup Strategies

• Full– All data, regardless of when or if it has been previously

backed up.

• Incremental– Files that have been created or modified since the last

Full or Incremental backup

• Differential– Only data that has been modified since the last Full

backup.

Run Backup Software

• Load storage manager redirector (SMDR)– Enter group context, SDMR context, Administrator

• Load target agents on servers to backup.– TSA500 - backup data

– TSANDS - backup tree

• Load device interface software (SMSDI) and the job queue manager - QMAN.

• Load SBSC and SBCON

Start Backup Program

• Load enhanced SBACKUP software:

• Load SBSC

• Load SBCON

• Select Target server

• Select File System or NDS.

• Provide Description and backup type.

• Start the backup

Disaster Recovery Procedure

Implementing TCP/IP

• Benefits:– Direct access to Internet.– Access in TCP/IP services.

• Web Servers• Email• Local Intranet applications

– Reduce number of protocols by having NetWare server and clients use TCP/IP rather than IPX.

Encapsulated TCP/IP Packets

• In earlier versions of NetWare, using TCP/IP on your network required that IPX packets be encapsulated within TCP/IP packets.

• Requires more band width and processing overhead.

Pure TCP/IP Packets

• NetWare 5 allows the use of NetWare server requests within pure TCP/IP packets.

• Pure TCP/IP packets reduce overhead and network bandwidth.

TCP/IP Basics

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

• Developed in the 1960s to support communication among diverse government and university mainframe computers.

• A Host is any computer attached to the network.• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides a link

to the Internet backbone.

IP Address Components• To attach your network to

the Internet you will need to be assigned one or more unique Internet addresses by the Internet Access Board (IAB).

• Internet addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods. Each number can range from 0-255.

• Depending on the address class, part of the address represents the network while the other part represents the host.

IP Network Mask

• The IP Mask identifies the network part of the IP Address by containing binary “1”s in each of the network address bits.– Class A mask: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

255.0.0.0

– Class B mask: 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0

– Class C mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0

TCP/IP Address Classes

Assigning a Client IP Address

Activities - TCP/IP on Client

• In the first activity you will modify your client to use the IP address scheme for your classroom network.

• In the second activity you will use the PING command to test your communication to the NetWare server.

Chapter Summary

• Operating the Server console includes:– Console commands

– NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)

– Java ConsoleOne utility

• Console commands are built into the Server.exe program.

Chapter Summary

• NetWare Loadable Modules:– Disk drivers (HAM and CDM extensions)

– LAN drivers (LAN extension)

– Name modules (NAM extension)

– General purpose (NLM extension)

• NWCONFIG

• MONITOR

• VREPAIR

Chapter Summary

• Java – GUI console

• Install software, Display settings, start ConsoleOne

– ConsoleOne Utility• My Computer (Modify server configuration files)

• Work with the file system

• The Network (Create and modify NDS objects)

• Shortcuts

• Console Management

• Remote server management

Chapter Summary

• Remote Console Facility– RCONSOLE on workstation

– Load REMOTE and RSPX on Server

• Storage Management System– Backup target servers on host system

– Backup strategy: full, incremental, differential

– Assign backup user

– Run Backup software

– Develop a recovery procedure

Chapter Summary

• Implementing TCP/IP– Used to provide access to Internet and Intranet services.

– NetWare 5 users pure TCP/IP packets rather than encapsulation.

– Unique IP addresses assigned by Internet Access Board

– Network Address Classes:

• Class A: 8-bit network address

• Class B: 16-bit network address

• Class C: 24-bit network address

– Use PING to test IP communications

Chapter Summary

• Default Rights– Initial Installation.

• Supervisor rights to Admin in root of tree

• Browse rights to [public] in root of tree

– New User• User has Read rights to all properties and Write to

Login script and Print Jobs.

• [Root] has Read rights to the Group property.

• [Public] has Read rights to Default server.