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Chapter Twelve
Table of ContentsUnderstanding the Role of Presentation
AidsTypes of Presentation AidsOptions for Displaying Presentation AidsPreparing Presentation AidsUsing Presentation Aids in Your SpeechPracticing with Presentation Aids*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids
Presentation Aids are audio or visual elements that help the audience see relationships between concepts and elements, remember material, and critically examine key ideas
Presentation Aids should be used to supplement rather than serve as your ideas*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Processing/Retaining Information
Research findings indicate that we remember only 20% of what we hear, but over 50% of what we hear AND see*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Interest and Motivation
Presentation aids allow listeners to engage the right side of their brain, which handles visualization, music, and drawing*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Presentation Aids Save Time
Pictures can vividly describe an object, scene, or event instantaneously
Statistical information can be communicated much more efficiently and effectively through graphs and charts than through verbal descriptions*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Presentation Aids Inform/Persuade
The use of a presentation aid can help to make your point more clearly and effectively by depicting it in visual form
Pictures, charts, graphs, videos, and so forth will help the audience gain increased understanding and awareness*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Reducing Speaker Anxiety
Presentation aids take the attention off the speaker
The presentation aid can serve to spark the memory of the speaker (as a form of notes)
Presentation aids can help organize a speech for the audience and the speaker*
Understanding the Role of Presentation Aids:
Creating A Professional Image
Quality visual aids give your presentation a professional feel
By giving your listeners the impression that you approach the presentation professionally, it will motivate them to do the same*
Types of Presentation Aids
The selection and use of particular types of presentation aids should be based on the speech content, the audience, and the occasion*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Objects
Objects Live or
inanimate things that illustrate the actual subject of a speech or one of its main points*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Models
Models A three
dimensional, scale-sized representation of an object*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Pictures
Picture A two-dimensional representation of
persons, places, objects, or ideasDiagram
A picture, or schematic drawing, that explains how something works, is constructed, or is operated*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Pictures
Maps A representation on a flat surface of a
whole or part of an areaPoster
A large two-dimensional design incorporating words, shapes, and color, placed on an opaque backing*
Types of Presentation Aids:
GraphsGraph
A representation of numerical data in visual form
Line Graph Contains one factor, usually plotted on the
horizontal axis, and units of measurement or values, plotted on the vertical axis
Bar Graph Shows bars of varying lengths to compare
quantities or magnitudes*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Graphs
Pie Graph Depicts the
division of a whole
Pictogram Shows
comparisons in picture form*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Charts
Chart Visually organizes complex information
into compact formFlowchart
Shows step-by-step progression through a procedure, relationship, or process*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Charts
Organizational Chart Illustrates the organizational structure
or chain of command in an organizationTable
A systematic grouping of data or numerical information in column form*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Audio Aids
Audio Clip A short recording
of sounds, music, and/or speech*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Video
Video Visual and audio
medium that combines sight, sound, and movement to illustrate speech concepts*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Multimedia
Multimedia Combines several media (voice, video,
text, and data) into a single production*
Types of Presentation Aids:
Handouts
Handout Page-sized items conveying information
that is impractical to give in another manner or is kept by the listeners after the presentation*
Displaying A Presentation Aid
The varieties of presentation media include chalkboards, flip charts, overhead projection, slides, and computer projection and display technology*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Chalkboards
Chalkboard A board on which to write with chalk or
another type of markerTry to reserve the chalkboard for
simple explanationsThe processes of writing or drawing
reduce contact between the presenter and the audience*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Flip Charts
Flip Chart A large pad of paper on which to draw
visual aidsFlip charts are inexpensive, however
they do require some artistic skill so that your images aren’t awkward or sloppy*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Slides
Slide An image reproduced on transparent film
mounted in a frame and projected onto a screen or wall for viewing
Slides offer a clear vivid image, however since they must be shown in a darkened room, eye contact between the speaker and the audience may suffer*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Overhead Transparencies
Overhead Transparency An image on a transparent background
that can be viewed by transmitted lightTransparencies are relatively
inexpensive and simple to operate*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Computer Projection
LCD panel A device connected to a computer and
placed on top of an overhead projector that allows the speaker to project what is on the computer screen
LCD projector A device with its own light source that
allows a speaker to project what is on a computer screen*
Displaying A Presentation Aid:
Computer Projection
Video projector A device
connected to a computer that displays large, sharp images through three lenses*
Preparing Presentation Aids
The first step in creating a presentation aid is to establish the need for one
Once your speech is complete, carefully read through it to identify places where an aid would clarify your ideas*
Preparing Presentation Aids:
Simplicity and Continuity
Concentrate on presenting one major idea per aid
Follow the same general page layout throughout, placing repeating elements such as titles in the same place and in the same typeface*
Preparing Presentation Aids:
Color
Color helps the listener see comparisons, contrasts, and emphases Use bold, bright colors to emphasize points Use softer, lighter colors to de-emphasize
less important areas of a presentation Keep background colors constant Limit the number of colors you use*
Preparing Presentation Aids:
Integrating Text and Graphics
Typeface A specific style of lettering
Fonts Different sizes of typefaces
Text should be a minimum of 24 pointsDon’t overuse boldface, italics, or
underliningUse concise words for titles
Preparing Presentation Aids:
Proofreading for Errors
It is essential to proofread presentation aids to correct errors or design flaws
Check to see that you have designed your presentation aid effectively*
Using Presentation Aids
Selecting the appropriate kind of aid and properly preparing it are extremely important to its overall effectiveness
How you integrate the aid into your speech is also extremely important*
Using Presentation Aids:
Placement
Placement involves making certain that the audience can see and hear your aids, and that you can access them easily without interrupting the flow of your speech*
Using Presentation Aids:
Interpretation
As you display the presentation aid, remember to interpret and explain it to the audience members
Point-Pause-Present method (P-P-P) A technique used by the speaker to help
listeners focus their attention on the visual aid, and its relationship to the speech*
Using Presentation Aids:
Timing and Sequence
Display your aid only when you are about to discuss it Otherwise, the audience my become
distracted if they see something they do not understand*
Practicing With The Presentation Aid
Run through the presentation as it will actually be performed, using the aids exactly as you will in the actual presentation
Plan on what to say during “dead time,” such as time spent walking over to an overhead*
Practicing With The Presentation Aid:
Anticipate the Unexpected
Have a backup strategy in the event that equipment fails, or is suddenly unavailable*