Chapter TwelveChapter TwelveThe Noble ProfessionThe Noble Profession

What Is a Professional?What Is a Professional?There are four generally accepted There are four generally accepted

features of all professions:features of all professions: A specialized body of knowledgeA specialized body of knowledge A rigorous and extended course A rigorous and extended course

of study that leads to licensureof study that leads to licensure Training that allows individuals to Training that allows individuals to

make complex decisions often make complex decisions often without the consultation of otherswithout the consultation of others

A set of ethical standards of A set of ethical standards of conductconduct

A Body of Specialized A Body of Specialized KnowledgeKnowledge

Knowledge of our content areaKnowledge of our content area General pedagogical knowledge General pedagogical knowledge Knowledge of the nature of learning Knowledge of the nature of learning

Course of Study That Leads to Course of Study That Leads to LicensureLicensure

A balanced curriculum of colleges, schools A balanced curriculum of colleges, schools and departments of education including:and departments of education including: General education courses General education courses Specialty courses in your content area Specialty courses in your content area Professional courses Professional courses Education field experiences or internshipsEducation field experiences or internships Student teaching or clinical experience Student teaching or clinical experience Praxis exams Praxis exams

The Ability to Make Autonomous The Ability to Make Autonomous DecisionsDecisions

Teachers make over a thousand decisions Teachers make over a thousand decisions in a typical day, including:in a typical day, including: Determining disciplinary strategiesDetermining disciplinary strategies Selecting the appropriate instructional Selecting the appropriate instructional

methods methods Explaining an evaluation decision to a parent Explaining an evaluation decision to a parent And many others!And many others!

Ethical PracticesEthical Practices

The teaching profession embraces a clear The teaching profession embraces a clear set of ethical practices set of ethical practices

Many of these are outlined by the NEA Many of these are outlined by the NEA and the AFT and the AFT

The New Accountability: The The New Accountability: The Praxis ExaminationsPraxis Examinations

The Praxis exams were formally The Praxis exams were formally introduced in 1992introduced in 1992

These exams represent a new generation These exams represent a new generation of teacher assessmentof teacher assessment

The exam series has three primary The exam series has three primary components – Praxis I, II and III. components – Praxis I, II and III.

Praxis IPraxis I Designed to measure your academic skills and Designed to measure your academic skills and

focuses on reading, writing, and mathematics.focuses on reading, writing, and mathematics. Typically you will take the Praxis I during your Typically you will take the Praxis I during your

sophomore year sophomore year This exam is administered as a paper and pencil This exam is administered as a paper and pencil

exam (PPST) or in a computer-based format exam (PPST) or in a computer-based format (CBT). (CBT).

Used as a criterion to formally enter the teacher Used as a criterion to formally enter the teacher education program. education program.

Praxis IIPraxis II Consists of two components: the PLT and Consists of two components: the PLT and

Specialty ExamsSpecialty Exams Principles of Learning and TeachingPrinciples of Learning and Teaching (PLT) - (PLT) -

assesses your pedagogical knowledge derived from assesses your pedagogical knowledge derived from courses such as Educational Foundations courses such as Educational Foundations

The Specialty ExamThe Specialty Exam - measures your knowledge of - measures your knowledge of an area of expertise such as Special Education, or K-an area of expertise such as Special Education, or K-12 Art. It has a traditional, multiple-choice section 12 Art. It has a traditional, multiple-choice section and a “constructed response” component. and a “constructed response” component.

Praxis IIIPraxis III This is not an exam, but rather an evaluation of This is not an exam, but rather an evaluation of

your performance in the classroom as a teacher. your performance in the classroom as a teacher. You will be evaluated on the basis of criteria that You will be evaluated on the basis of criteria that

represent the four domains of practice. These represent the four domains of practice. These include: include: Organizing Content Knowledge for Student Learning Organizing Content Knowledge for Student Learning Creating an environment for Student LearningCreating an environment for Student Learning Teaching for Student LearningTeaching for Student Learning Teacher ProfessionalismTeacher Professionalism

Professional Support Networks Professional Support Networks for Teachersfor Teachers

We have a vast network of professional We have a vast network of professional organizations at the local, state, regional organizations at the local, state, regional and national leveland national level

These networks provide you with These networks provide you with professional information, support, professional information, support, consultation, comradery, and even job consultation, comradery, and even job protection protection

School Support StaffSchool Support Staff NursesNurses CounselorsCounselors SecretariesSecretaries Fellow teachersFellow teachers School PsychologistSchool Psychologist Speech and Hearing TherapistsSpeech and Hearing Therapists Reading SpecialistsReading Specialists Special Education TeachersSpecial Education Teachers School Social WorkersSchool Social Workers AdministratorsAdministrators

Professional OrganizationsProfessional Organizations

Specialty organizationsSpecialty organizations Child CenteredChild Centered Subject CenteredSubject Centered

International organizationsInternational organizations National teacher organizations and unionsNational teacher organizations and unions

Specialty Organizations: Child Specialty Organizations: Child Centered - ExamplesCentered - Examples

Association for Childhood Education Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI) International (ACEI) www.acei.orgwww.acei.org

National Association for the Education of National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Young Children (NAEYC) www.naeyc.orgwww.naeyc.org

National Middle School Association National Middle School Association (NMSA) (NMSA) www.nmsa.orgwww.nmsa.org

Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) www.cec.orgwww.cec.org

Specialty Organizations: Subject Specialty Organizations: Subject Centered - Examples Centered - Examples

International Reading Association (IRA) International Reading Association (IRA) www.reading.orgwww.reading.org National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) www.ncss.orgwww.ncss.org National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) www.ncte.orgwww.ncte.org National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)

www.nctm.orgwww.nctm.org National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) www.nsta.orgwww.nsta.org American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages

(ACTFL) (ACTFL) www.actfl.orgwww.actfl.org American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation

and Dance (AAHPERD) and Dance (AAHPERD) www.aahperd.orgwww.aahperd.org Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) www.mtna.orgwww.mtna.org National Art Education Association (NAEA) National Art Education Association (NAEA) www.naea.orgwww.naea.org

International OrganizationsInternational Organizations Perhaps the best known of these is Perhaps the best known of these is Phi Phi

Delta KappaDelta Kappa International (PDK). International (PDK). PDK is an “umbrella” organization that PDK is an “umbrella” organization that

publishes a wide array of professional publishes a wide array of professional materialsmaterials Phi Delta KappanPhi Delta Kappan JournalJournal News, Notes and QuotesNews, Notes and Quotes Sponsors grants, awards, workshops, Sponsors grants, awards, workshops,

educational meetings and trips educational meetings and trips

National Teacher Organizations National Teacher Organizations and Unionsand Unions

There are two large teacher organizations There are two large teacher organizations NEA (National Teacher organization) NEA (National Teacher organization) AFT (American Federation of Teachers)AFT (American Federation of Teachers)

National Education AssociationNational Education Association The oldest and largest teacher organization The oldest and largest teacher organization Organized as the National Teachers Association Organized as the National Teachers Association

in 1857, it became the NEA in 1886in 1857, it became the NEA in 1886 Boasts a membership of about 2.3 million Boasts a membership of about 2.3 million

teachers teachers Encourages students to join the organization Encourages students to join the organization

with membership in the student NEA (SEA)with membership in the student NEA (SEA)

NEA InitiativesNEA Initiatives Legislative Action Center - you can read about Legislative Action Center - you can read about

current pending legislation that effects current pending legislation that effects education. education.

Publications - Publications - NEA Today, Thought & Action, NEA Today, Thought & Action, Higher Education Advocate, Higher Education Advocate, The The NEA Almanac NEA Almanac of Higher Education, Tomorrow’s Teachers, This of Higher Education, Tomorrow’s Teachers, This Active Life, Education StatisticsActive Life, Education Statistics

Events - This section describes upcoming Events - This section describes upcoming events, such as the national meeting for the events, such as the national meeting for the NEA, state meetings, etc.NEA, state meetings, etc.

NEA Initiatives (Continued)NEA Initiatives (Continued) NEA Read Across AmericaNEA Read Across America - This project, with - This project, with

the IRA (International Reading Association) is the IRA (International Reading Association) is celebrated on Dr. Seuss’s birthday. Teachers celebrated on Dr. Seuss’s birthday. Teachers and others read aloud to children on this day.and others read aloud to children on this day.

Help for Parents -Through the NEA website, Help for Parents -Through the NEA website, www.nea.orgwww.nea.org parents can get ideas on how they parents can get ideas on how they can help their children learn in school.can help their children learn in school.

Online resource for educators. Online resource for educators.

NEA – Student MembershipNEA – Student Membership Publications - Publications - NEA TodayNEA Today – monthly – monthly

newspaper, newspaper, Tomorrow’s TeachersTomorrow’s Teachers – – annual magazine for studentsannual magazine for students

Current researchCurrent research Workshops and ConferencesWorkshops and Conferences Leadership trainingLeadership training Guidance for teaching diverse studentsGuidance for teaching diverse students Opportunities for networkingOpportunities for networking

American Federation of Teachers American Federation of Teachers (AFT)(AFT)

The American Federation of Teachers, The American Federation of Teachers, AFT is proud of its status as a labor AFT is proud of its status as a labor organizationorganization

It was founded in 1916 with John Dewey It was founded in 1916 with John Dewey as the organization’s first official memberas the organization’s first official member

It plays an important role in fighting for It plays an important role in fighting for higher wages and better working higher wages and better working conditions for all teachers conditions for all teachers

AFT InitiativesAFT Initiatives Meetings and ConferencesMeetings and Conferences Legislative Action Center - allows you to Legislative Action Center - allows you to

link to pending legislation that effects link to pending legislation that effects education and has links to legislators.education and has links to legislators.

PublicationsPublications Inside the AFTInside the AFT American EducatorAmerican Educator Public Service ReporterPublic Service Reporter American TeacherAmerican Teacher

AFT Initiatives (Continued)AFT Initiatives (Continued) The Parent PageThe Parent Page - provides assistance for - provides assistance for

parents who want to help their children parents who want to help their children with schoolwork and other helpful sites.with schoolwork and other helpful sites.

Web Resources & Local Web SitesWeb Resources & Local Web Sites - links - links to resources that are valuable for to resources that are valuable for educators.educators.

Teacher Salary SurveyTeacher Salary Survey - gives - gives comparative information regarding teacher comparative information regarding teacher salaries.salaries.

Professional Folios and Professional Folios and PortfoliosPortfolios

Professional folios and portfolios have become Professional folios and portfolios have become an important part of the evaluation process. an important part of the evaluation process.

The The foliofolio is a collection of is a collection of allall the documents, the documents, products and information that demonstrate your products and information that demonstrate your professional development. professional development.

The professional The professional portfolioportfolio is a specialized is a specialized selection of folio materials that will highlight your selection of folio materials that will highlight your professional development. professional development.

Portfolio ContentsPortfolio Contents Philosophy of Education StatementPhilosophy of Education Statement ResumeResume Photographs of your school, students, Photographs of your school, students,

classroom, projects, etc.classroom, projects, etc. Lesson Plans (five or more and include Lesson Plans (five or more and include

one that uses technology)one that uses technology) Samples of student work for each lesson Samples of student work for each lesson

planplan Reflections on each lesson planReflections on each lesson plan

Portfolio Contents (Continued)Portfolio Contents (Continued) Student Teacher Forms: i.e., Student Student Teacher Forms: i.e., Student

Teacher Responsibility Sheets, Student Teacher Responsibility Sheets, Student Time RecordsTime Records

Evaluations of your teaching performance Evaluations of your teaching performance from your cooperating teacher and college from your cooperating teacher and college supervisorsupervisor

Other activities that you participated in Other activities that you participated in such as faculty meetings, PTA, etc.such as faculty meetings, PTA, etc.

Video tapes of lessonsVideo tapes of lessons

Creating Your FolioCreating Your Folio

Background and ExperiencesBackground and Experiences Awards and RecognitionsAwards and Recognitions Teaching PerformanceTeaching Performance Student OutcomesStudent Outcomes

Life-long LearningLife-long Learning

Professional development is a long-term Professional development is a long-term process. process.

It involves years of formal education, It involves years of formal education, clinical experiences (student teaching), clinical experiences (student teaching), and evaluation of your progress. and evaluation of your progress.

In addition it requires lifelong learning at In addition it requires lifelong learning at the university level, in the classroom and the university level, in the classroom and through the process of self-reflection through the process of self-reflection through journaling. through journaling.

Your Professional JournalYour Professional Journal A reflective journal is both the process and A reflective journal is both the process and

the product of recording your experiences the product of recording your experiences and insights. and insights.

Your reflective journal can help you Your reflective journal can help you understand more fully your professional understand more fully your professional development. development.

As part of your teacher education program As part of your teacher education program you may be required to begin a reflective you may be required to begin a reflective journal. journal.

Getting Your First Teaching Getting Your First Teaching Position Position

Prepare your resume and professional Prepare your resume and professional portfolio. portfolio.

Attend job fairs offered by your college or Attend job fairs offered by your college or other universities in your area. other universities in your area.

Make contacts in your student teaching Make contacts in your student teaching school. school.

Interviewing TipsInterviewing Tips Relax but focus on the interview, write a thank you note Relax but focus on the interview, write a thank you note

later that evening.later that evening. Smile and be polite but don’t gush.Smile and be polite but don’t gush. Make eye contact but do not stare at the interviewer.Make eye contact but do not stare at the interviewer. Shake hands firmly at the beginning and end of the Shake hands firmly at the beginning and end of the

interview.interview. Be positive about your student teaching experience and Be positive about your student teaching experience and

your school, do not criticize or be negative. your school, do not criticize or be negative. Put a positive “spin” on previous experiences and work Put a positive “spin” on previous experiences and work

relationships.relationships. Answer all questions in a positive manner.Answer all questions in a positive manner.

Interviewing Tips (Continued)Interviewing Tips (Continued) Be prepared to discuss your “philosophy of Be prepared to discuss your “philosophy of

education.” Practice you answer and even role education.” Practice you answer and even role play with a fellow student.play with a fellow student.

Be ready to discuss how you would handle Be ready to discuss how you would handle discipline in the classroom. Focus on discipline in the classroom. Focus on “preventative discipline.” “preventative discipline.”

Understand the important issues in education Understand the important issues in education such as “phonics” or how you might use such as “phonics” or how you might use technology for instruction.technology for instruction.

““Think on your feet.” You may be asked a Think on your feet.” You may be asked a personal question that you were not expecting. personal question that you were not expecting.

National Board Certification - National Board Certification - NBPTSNBPTS

The pinnacle achievement in our profession is The pinnacle achievement in our profession is National Board Certification National Board Certification

There are five “core propositions” upon which There are five “core propositions” upon which the overall NBPTS assessment is based the overall NBPTS assessment is based Commitment to students Commitment to students Knowledge of their subject matterKnowledge of their subject matter Effective classroom management skills Effective classroom management skills Systematic instructional practicesSystematic instructional practices Direct membership in the learning communityDirect membership in the learning community