Chapter05 a Survey of Probability Concepts

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Chapter 5A Survey of Probability Concepts

True/False

1. Based on a classical approach, the probability of an event is defined as the number of favorableoutcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

2. If only one of several events can occur at a time, e refer to these events as bein! mutually e"clusiveevents.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

#. The classical approach to probability re$uires that the outcomes of an e"periment are not e$uallyli%ely.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

'. The probability of rollin! a # or 2 on a sin!le die is an e"ample of conditional probability.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: '

(. The probability of rollin! a # or 2 on a sin!le die is an e"ample of mutually e"clusive events.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

). The *unard lu"ury liner, +ueen li-abeth 2, cannot be doc%ed in on! /on! and Ban!%o% at the sametime. vents such as these that cannot occur simultaneously are said to be outcomes.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

0. The probability of rollin! a # or 2 on a sin!le die is an e"ample of oint probability.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: '

. The probability assi!ned to an event that is certain not to occur is 1.3.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 1

4. The probability assi!ned to an event that is certain not to occur is 3.3.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 1

13. If an e"periment, such as a die5tossin! e"periment, has a set of events that includes every possibleoutcome, the set of events is called collectively e"haustive.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

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11. 6n individual can assi!n a subective probability to an event based on the individual7s %noled!eabout the event.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

12. To apply the special rule of addition, the events must be mutually e"clusive.

Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

1#. To apply the special rule of addition, the events must be independent.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

1'. The probability that you ould assi!n to the li%elihood that the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ill be in the8uper Bol this season must be beteen 3 and 13.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

1(. 6 oint probability is a probability that measures the li%elihood that to or more events ill happenconcurrently.

Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: '

1). If there are to independent eventsA andB, the probability thatA andB ill occur is found bymultiplyin! the to probabilities. Thus for to eventsA andB, the special rule of multiplication shonsymbolically is:P9AandB ;P9AP9B.

Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: ( AACSB: AS

10. The !eneral rule of multiplication is used to find the oint probability that to events ill occur.8ymbolically, the !eneral rule of multiplication is


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21. 6 permutation is an arran!ement of a set of obects in hich there is an order from the first throu!hthe last.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

22. 6 combination is an arran!ement of a set of obects in hich there is an order from the first throu!h

the last.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

2#. To coins are tossed. The tossin! of the coins is called an e"periment, and one possible event is toheads.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

2'. The complement rule states that the probability of an event not occurrin! is e$ual to one minus theprobability of its occurrence.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

2(. If to events are mutually e"clusive, thenP9AorB ;P9AP9B.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

2). The combination formula is: n? @ 9nA r?Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

20. 6 probability is a number from A1 to 1 inclusive that measures one7s belief that an event resultin!from an e"periment ill occur.

Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

2. 6n e"periment is an activity that is either observed or measured.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

24. 6n illustration of an e"periment is turnin! the i!nition %ey of an automobile as it comes off theassembly line to determine hether or not the en!ine ill startAnswer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

#3. 6 probability is usually e"pressed as a decimal, such as 3.03 or 3.20, but it can also be e"pressed as afraction, such as 0@13 or [email protected]: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 1

#1. 6 tree dia!ram portrays outcomes that are mutually e"clusive.

Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: ) AACSB: REF

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#2. The closer a probability is to 3, the more li%ely that an event ill happen. The closer the probabilityis to 1.33, the more li%ely an event ill not happen.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 1

##. It as announced that the probability of rain tomorro is A1.3. 8uch a lo probability of A1.3

indicates that there is no chance of rain.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

#'. Bayes7 theorem is a method to revise the probability of an event !iven additional information.Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Goal: 0

#(. Bayes7s theorem calculates a conditional probability called a posterior or revised probability.Answer: True Difficulty: asy Goal: 0

#). Bayes7 theorem is used to calculate a subective probability.Answer: &alse Difficulty: Medium Goal: 0

Multiple Choice

#0. The Cational *enter for ealth 8tatistics reported that of every # deaths in recent years, 2' resultedfrom an automobile accident, 12 from cancer and ### from heart disease. sin! the relative fre$uencyapproach, hat is the probability that a particular death is due to an automobile accidentE6 2'@# or 3.320B (#4@# or 3.)13

* 2'@### or 3.302D 12@# or 3.23)

Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2 AACSB: AS

#. If to eventsA andB are mutually e"clusive, hat does the special rule of addition stateE6 P9AorB ;P9A P9BB P9AandB ;P9A P9B* P9Aand@orB ;P9A P9BD P9AorB ;P9A AP9B

Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: ( AACSB: AS

#4. Fhat does the complement rule stateE6 P9A ;P9A AP9BB P9A ; 1 AP9notA

* P9A ;P9AP9B

D P9A ;P9A#P9BAnswer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

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'3. Fhich approach to probability is e"emplified by the folloin! formulaE


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''. 6 study by the Cational , or 3.2(* 1@)', or 3.31()D 1@1), or 3.3)2(Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

'). 6 sales representative calls on four hospitals in Festchester *ounty. It is immaterial hat order hecalls on them. o many ays can he or!ani-e his callsE6 'B 2'* 123D #0

Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

'0. There are 13 rolls of film in a bo" and # are defective. To rolls are to be selected ithout

replacement. Fhat is the probability of selectin! a defective roll folloed by another defective rollE6 1@2, or 3.(3B 1@', or 3.2(* 1@123, or about 3.33#D 1@1(, or about 3.30

Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: # AACSB: REF

'. Gior!io offers the person ho purchases an ounce bottle of 6llure to free !ifts, either an umbrella,a 1 ounce bottle of Midni!ht, a feminine shavin! %it, a raincoat or a pair of rain boots. If you purchased6llure hat is the probability you selected at random an umbrella and a shavin! %it in that orderE6 3.33B 1.33* 3.3(D 3.23Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #



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'4. 6 board of directors consists of ei!ht men and four omen. 6 four5member search committee is to bechosen at random to recommend a ne company president. Fhat is the probability that all four membersof the search committee ill be omenE6 1@123 or 3.333#B 1@1) or 3.3)2(* 1@ or 3.12(

D 1@'4( or 3.332Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: # AACSB: MD

(3. 6 lamp manufacturer has developed five lamp bases and four lampshades that could be used to!ether.o many different arran!ements of base and shade can be offeredE6 (B 13* 1(D 23Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

(1. 6 !ummball machine has ust been filled ith (3 blac%, 1(3 hite, 133 red and 133 yello !um ballsthat have been thorou!hly mi"ed. 8ue and Nim approached the machine first. They both said they antedred !um balls. Fhat is the li%elihood they ill !et their ishE6 3.(3B 3.3)2* 3.##D 3.0(Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

(2. Fhat does

)? 2

' #

?

? ? e$ualE

6 )'3B #)* 13D 123 Cone of the aboveAnswer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

(#. In a mana!ement trainee pro!ram, 3 percent of the trainees are female, 23 percent male. Cinetypercent of the females attended colle!e, 0 percent of the males attended colle!e. 6 mana!ement trainee

is selected at random. Fhat is the probability that the person selected is a female ho did COT attendcolle!eE6 3.23B 3.3* 3.2(D 3.3

Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: ) AACSB: MD

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Test Bank, ha!ter "0'


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('. Three defective electric toothbrushes ere accidentally shipped to a dru!store by the manufactureralon! ith 10 non5defective ones. Fhat is the probability that the first to electric toothbrushes sold illbe returned to the dru!store because they are defectiveE6 #@23 or 3.1(B #@10 or 3.10)* 1@' or 3.2(

D #@143 or 3.31(04Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

((. 6n electronics firm sells four models of stereo receivers, three *D dec%s, and si" spea%er brands.Fhen the four types of components are sold to!ether, they form a system. o many different systemscan the electronics firm offerE6 #)B 1* 02D 1''Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

(). The numbers 3 throu!h 4 are to be used in code !roups of four to identify an item of clothin!. *ode13# mi!ht identify a blue blouse, si-e medium. The code !roup 23#1 mi!ht identify a pair of pants, si-e1, and so on. epetitions of numbers are not permitted, i.e., the same number cannot be used more thanonce in a total se$uence. 6s e"amples, 22(), 2()2 or (((4 ould not be permitted. o many differentcode !roups can be desi!nedE6 (,3'3B )23* 13,233D 123Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

(0. There are to letters * and D. If repetitions such as ** are permitted, ho many permutations arepossibleE6 1B 3* 'D Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

(. Lou have the assi!nment of desi!nin! color codes for different parts. Three colors are to be used on

each part, but a combination of three colors used for one part cannot be rearran!ed and used to identify adifferent part. This means that if !reen, yello and violet ere used to identify a camshaft, yello, violetand !reen 9or any other combination of these three colors could not be used to identify a pinion !ear. Ifthere are #( combinations, ho many colors ere availableE6 (B 0* 4D 11Answer: B Difficulty: ard Goal: #

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(4. 6 builder has a!reed not to erect all loo% ali%e homes in a ne subdivision. &ive e"terior desi!nsare offered to potential homebuyers. The builder has standardi-ed three interior plans that can beincorporated in any of the five e"teriors. o many different ays can the e"terior and interior plans beoffered to potential homebuyersE6 B 13

* 1(D #3Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

)3. 8i" basic colors are to be used in decoratin! a ne condominium. They are to be applied to a unit in!roups of four colors. One unit mi!ht have !old as the principal color, blue as a complementary color, redas the accent color and touches of hite. 6nother unit mi!ht have blue as the principal color, hite as thecomplimentary color, !old as the accent color and touches of red. If repetitions are permitted, ho manydifferent units can be decoratedE6 0,2(B 2(

* 12(D 1,24)

Answer: D Difficulty: ard Goal: #

)1. The 6B*D football association is considerin! a 8uper Ten &ootball *onference. The top 13 footballteams in the country, based on past records, ould be members of the 8uper Ten *onference. ach teamould play every other team in the conference durin! the season and the team innin! the most !amesould be declared the national champion. o many !ames ould the conference commissioner have toschedule each yearE 9emember, O%lahoma versus Michi!an is the same as Michi!an versus O%lahoma.6 '(B (3

* 12(D 1'Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

)2. 6 ru! manufacturer has decided to use 0 compatible colors in her ru!s. oever, in eavin! a ru!,only ( spindles can be used. In advertisin!, the ru! manufacturer ants to indicate the number ofdifferent color !roupin!s for sale. o many color !roupin!s usin! the seven colors ta%en five at a timeare thereE 9This assumes that ( different colors ill !o into each ru!, i.e., there are no repetitions ofcolor.6 123B 2,(23

* ),0'3D #)Answer: B Difficulty: ard Goal: #

Test Bank, ha!ter "0)


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)#. The first card selected from a standard (25card dec% as a %in!. If it is returned to the dec%, hat isthe probability that a %in! ill be dran on the second selectionE6 1@' or 3.2(B 1@1#, or 3.300* 12@1#, or 3.42#D 1@# or 3.##

Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2 AACSB: AS

)'. The first card selected from a standard (25card dec% as a %in!. If it is COT returned to the dec%,hat is the probability that a %in! ill be dran on the second selectionE6 1@# or 3.##B 1@(1, or 3.314)* #@(1, or 3.3(D 1@1# or 3.300

Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

)(. Fhich approach to probability assumes that the events e$ually li%elyE6 *lassicalB mpirical* 8ubectiveD Mutually e"clusiveAnswer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

)). 6n e"periment may have:6 Only one resultB Only to results* To or more resultsD Cone of the aboveAnswer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

)0. Fhen are to events mutually e"clusiveE6 They overlap on a Penn dia!ramB If one event occurs, then the other cannot*


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)4. The result of a particular e"periment is called a9n6 observation.B conditional probability.* event.D outcome.Answer: D Difficulty: asy Goal: #

03. The probability of to or more events occurrin! concurrently is called a6 conditional probability.B empirical probability.* oint probability.D tree dia!ram. none of the above.Answer: * Difficulty: asy Goal: '

01. The probability of an event that is affected by to or more different events is called a

6 conditional probability.B empirical probability.* oint probability.D tree dia!ram. none of the above.Answer: 6 Difficulty: asy Goal: '

02. 6 !raphical method useful in calculatin! oint and conditional probability is6 a tree dia!ram.B a Penn dia!ram.* a histo!ram.

D inferential statistics.Answer: 6 Difficulty: asy Goal: )

0#. Fhen an e"periment is conducted ithout replacement,6 events are independentB events are e$ually li%ely* the e"periment can be illustrated ith a Penn Dia!ramD the probability of to or more events is computed as a oint probabilityAnswer: D Difficulty: asy Goal: '

0'. If to events are independent, then their oint probability is6 computed ith the special rule of additionB computed ith the special rule of multiplication* computed ith the !eneral rule of multiplicationD computed ith Bayes theoremAnswer: B Difficulty: asy Goal: (



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0(. Fhen applyin! the special rule of addition for mutually e"clusive events, the oint probability is:6 1B .(* 3D un%nonAnswer: * Difficulty: asy Goal: (

0). 6 student received an 6 on the first test of the semester. The student ants to calculate theprobability of scorin! an 6 on the second test. istorically, the instructor %nos that the ointprobability of scorin! 67s on the first to tests is 3.(. 6lso, historically, the probability that a studentscores and 6 on the second test !iven that a student scored an 6 on the first test is 3.4. Fhat is theprobability that a student ill score an 6 on the second testE6 3.(3B 3.4(* 3.((D 3.43

Answer: * Difficulty: ard Goal: ( AACSB: AS

00. Fhen an event7s probability depends on the li%elihood of another event, the probability is a6 conditional probability.B empirical probability.* oint probability.D Mutually e"clusive probability.Answer: 6 Difficulty: asy Goal: '

0. sin! the terminolo!y of Bayes7 Theorem, a posterior probability can also be defined as:6 a conditional probabilityB a oint probability* 1D 3Answer: 6 Difficulty: asy Goal: 0

04. The process used to calculate the probability of an event !iven additional information has beenobtained is6 Bayes7s theorem.B classical probability.* permutation.D subective probability.

Answer: 6 Difficulty: asy Goal: 0

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Fill-in-the-Blank

3. *omplete the folloin! analo!y: an e"periment relates to the roll of a die, as an outcome relates to.Answer: 6ny one value beteen 1 and ) Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

1. If a set of events are collectively e"haustive and mutually e"clusive, hat does the sum of theprobabilities e$ualE

Answer: 1 Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

2. Fhen the special rule of multiplication is used eventsA andBmust be Answer: independent Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

#. 8uppose four heads appeared face up on four tosses of a coin. Fhat is the probability that a head

ill appear face up in the ne"t toss of the coinE Answer: 1@2 or 3.( Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

'. Fhat approach to probability is based on a person7s de!ree of belief and hunches that a particularevent ill happenE

Answer: subective Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

(. If there are five vacant par%in! places and five automobiles arrive at the same time, in ho manydifferent ays they can par%E Answer: 123 Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

). 6 collection of one or more possible outcomes of an e"periment is called an .Answer: event Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

0. 6 ne computer !ame has been developed and 3 veteran !ame players ill test its mar%et potential.If si"ty players li%ed the !ame, hat is the probability that any veteran !ame player ill li%e the necomputer !ameE Answer: #@' or 3.0( Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

. 6 company has arehouses in four re!ions: 8outh, Midest, oc%y Mountain and &ar Fest. Thecompany ill randomly select one arehouse to store a seldom5used item. Fhat is the probability thatthe arehouse selected ill be in the &ar Fest re!ionE Answer: 1@' or 3.2( Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

4. One card ill be randomly selected from a standard (25card dec% of cards. Fhat is the probabilitythat it ill be the ac% of heartsE



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Answer: 1@(2 or 3.3142 Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

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43. The number of times an event occurred in the past is divided by the total number of occurrences.Fhat is this approach to probability calledE Answer: empirical Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

41. If there is absolutely no chance a person ill purchase a ne car this year, hat is the probability

assi!ned to this eventE Answer: -ero Difficulty: Medium Goal: 1

42. Fhat is the probability that a one5spot or a to5spot or a si"5spot ill appear face up on the thro ofone dieE Answer: 1@2 or 3.( Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

4#. Fhat is a measured or observed activity calledE Answer: e"periment Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

4'. Fhat is a probability that is based on someone7s opinion, !uess or hunch calledEAnswer: subective Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

4(. Fhat is a particular result of an e"periment calledE Answer: outcome Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

4). Fhat is a collection of one or more basic outcomes calledE Answer: event Difficulty: Medium Goal: #

40. To apply the special rule of addition, hat must be true about the eventsE Answer: mutually e"clusive Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

4. Fhat are to events called hen the occurrence of one event does not affect the occurrence of theother eventE .Answer: independent Difficulty: Medium Goal: '

44. Fhat is it called hen the order of a set of obects selected from a sin!le !roup is importantE

Answer: permutation Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

133. The method for calculatin! the probability of an event !iven there is additional information is called.Answer: Bayes7 theorem Difficulty: Medium Goal: 0



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Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics, Lind/Marchal/Wathen, 13/e #


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131. The probability that a specific event ill occur !iven that a specific other event has occurred is hattype of probabilityE Answer: conditional probability Difficulty: Medium Goal: 0

Multiple Choice

se the folloin! to anser $uestions 132513):6 !roup of employees of ni$ue 8ervices ill be surveyed about a ne pension plan. In5depthintervies ith each employee selected in the sample ill be conducted. The employees are classified asfollos.

* l a s s i i c a t i o n v e n t C u m b e r o m p l o y e e s8 u p e r v i s o r s 6 1 2 3M a i n t e n a n c e B ( 3< r o d u c t i o n * 1 , ' ) 3M a n a ! e m e n t D # 3 28 e c r e t a r i a l )

132. Fhat is the probability that the first person selected is classified as a maintenance employeeE6 3.23B 3.(3* 3.32(D 1.33 Cone of the aboveAnswer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: 2

13#. Fhat is the probability that the first person selected is either in maintenance or in secretarialE6 3.233B 3.31(* 3.3(4D 3.331Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

13'. Fhat is the probability that the first person selected is either in mana!ement or in supervisionE6 3.33B 3.3)

* 3.1(D 3.21Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

Test Bank, ha!ter "'


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13(. Fhat is the probability that the first person selected is a supervisor and in mana!ementE6 3.33B 3.3)* 3.1(D 3.21Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

se the folloin! to anser $uestions 13)513:ach salesperson in a lar!e department store chain is rated on their sales ability and their potential foradvancement. The data for the (33 sampled salespeople are summari-ed in the folloin! table.

< o t e n t i a l f o r 6 d v a n c e m e n t

& a i r G o o d " c e l l e n t

B e l o 6 v e r a ! e 1 ) 1 2 2 2

6 v e r a ! e ' ( ) 3 ' (8 a l e s 6 b i l i t y

6 b o v e 6 v e r a ! e 4 # 0 2 1 # (

13). Fhat is the probability that a salesperson selected at random has above avera!e sales ability and isan e"cellent potential for advancementE6 3.23B 3.(3* 3.20D 3.0(Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

130. Fhat is the probability that a salesperson selected at random ill have avera!e sales ability and

!ood potential for advancementE6 3.34B 3.12* 3.#3D 3.(2(Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

13. Fhat is the probability that a salesperson selected at random ill have belo avera!e sales abilityand fair potential for advancementE6 3.3#2B 3.13

* 3.1)D 3.#2Answer: 6 Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics, Lind/Marchal/Wathen, 13/e (


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134. Fhat is the probability that a salesperson selected at random ill have an e"cellent potential foradvancement !iven they also have above avera!e sales abilityE6 3.20B 3.)3* 3.'3'D 3.'(

Answer: D Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

113. Fhat is the probability that a salesperson selected at random ill have an e"cellent potential foradvancement !iven they also have avera!e sales abilityE6 3.20B 3.#3* 3.'3'D 3.'(Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

se the folloin! to anser $uestions 111511#:6 study of the opinion of desi!ners ith respect to the primary color most desirable for use in e"ecutiveoffices shoed that:

< r i m a r y * o l o r C u m b e r o O p i n i o n s e d 4 2O r a n ! e )L e l l o ' )G r e e n 4 1B l u e # 0I n d i ! o ' )

P i o l e t 2

111. Fhat is the probability that a desi!ner does not prefer redE6 1.33B 3.00* 3.0#D 3.2#Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

112. Fhat is the probability that a desi!ner does not prefer yelloE6 3.333B 3.0)(* 3.(D 1.333Answer: * Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

Test Bank, ha!ter ")


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11#. Fhat is the probability that a desi!ner does not prefer blueE6 1.3333B 3.430(* 3.(3D 3.002(Answer: B Difficulty: Medium Goal: (

se the folloin! to anser $uestions 11'511(:6n automatic machine inserts mi"ed ve!etables into a plastic ba!.


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110. Fhat is the oint probability that a mort!a!ee has one or less late monthly payments and does notdefault on the mort!a!eE6 3.(2B 3.(#4* 3.332D 3.3#4

Answer: 6 Difficulty: ard Goal: 0

11. Based on Bayes7 Theorem, hat is the posterior probability that a mort!a!ee ill not default !ivenone or less payments over the life of the mort!a!eE6 Cearly 1B Cearly 3* 3.(#D 3.4 *annot be computedAnswer: 6 Difficulty: ard Goal: 0

Fill-in-the-Blank

se the folloin! to anser $uestions 1145121:6 cell phone salesperson has %ept records on the customers ho visited the store. '3J of the customersho visited the store ere female. &urthermore, the data sho that #(J of the females ho visited hisstore purchased a cell phone, hile 23J of the males ho visited his store purchased a cell phone. Qet

16 represent the event that a customer is a female, 26 represent the event that a customer is a male, and

Brepresent the event that a customer ill purchase a phone.

114. Fhat is the probability that a female customer ill purchase a cell phoneEAnswer:


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Essay

122. Dra a Penn dia!ram shoin! the probability for to mutually e"clusive events and a Penndia!ram shoin! the probability for to events that are not mutually e"clusive. "plain the difference inthe to dia!rams.

6nser: The main difference is that the to areas representin! probability do not overlap for mutuallye"clusive events and the to areas do overlap hen the to events are not mutually e"clusive. Insummary, the oint probability is e$ual to 3 hen the events are mutually e"clusive, and the ointprobability is greater than 0 but less than 1 when the events are not mutuallye!lusive"Di#!ulty: $ar% &oal: '( )

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Chapter05 a Survey of Probability Concepts

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