CHAPTER 1 Question 1

1 out of 1 points

Educators who believe that learning is the result of stimulus and response actions subscribeto a theory known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   behaviorism

Question 21 out of 1 points

Wendy’s mother taught her to knit and crochet and she knew many stitches. Because she hada great deal of experience, Wendy could now learn new stitches easily in a process of:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   assimilation

Question 31 out of 1 points

Ten year old Julie usually enjoyed reading books in the Magic Tree House series. Today,however, the teacher required Julie to complete a worksheet as she read. To complete theworksheet, Julie was forced to read:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   efferently

Question 40 out of 1 points

Jason could not read the Harry Potter books independently but his reading tutor found that hecould easily discuss and enjoy these books if she helped him with the more difficultvocabulary and guided his comprehension. For Jason, the task of reading the Harry Potterbooks was:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   within the zone of proximal development

Question 51 out of 1 points

In the English language, there are approximately:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   44 speech sounds

Question 61 out of 1 points

The word bookcases contains:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   three morphemes

Question 71 out of 1 points

When he rides the schoolbus, Tommy engages in casual conversation with his friends. Heuses more formal language when he gives oral reports in the classroom. Tommy’s ability touse appropriate language in each situation shows his understanding of the:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   pragmatic system

Question 81 out of 1 points

Six year old Carmen is learning to speak English and often makes statements such as “I havea pen blue” instead of “I have a blue pen”. That type of error shows that Carmen is havingdifficulty with the:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   syntactic system

Question 91 out of 1 points

Shared writing differs from modeling because in shared writing:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   students contribute to the writing activity

Question 101 out of 1 points

Texts used for guided reading instruction should be written at the students’:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   instructional level

Question 111 out of 1 points

During guided reading instruction, students usually work in:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   homogeneous ability groups

Question 121 out of 1 points

Commercially produced reading programs which typically include a student’s textbook,accompanying workbook, supplemental instructional materials, and teacher’s guide areknown as:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   basal reading programs

Question 131 out of 1 points

As a new sixth grade teacher was selecting books for his classroom library, an experiencedteacher correctly advised him that students within a typical classroom:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   read at a wide range of levels

Question 140 out of 1 points

Schools are designing family literacy programs for parents who are not fluent readers andwriters and for those who are learning English as an additional language. Family literacyprograms in which cultural differences in reading and writing development are regarded asstrengths rather than weaknesses reflect the:Answer

Correct Answer:

   wealth model

Question 151 out of 1 points

Theorists such as Piaget explained that students’ knowledge is organized into cognitivestructures or files in mental filing cabinets known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   schemata

Question 160 out of 1 points

Theorists such as Louise Rosenblatt have explained that students don’t try to figure out theauthor’s meaning as they read; instead, they negotiate a meaning that makes sense to thembased on the words they are reading and their existing knowledge. The work of thesetheorists reflects:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   reader response theory

Question 171 out of 1 points

John McFadden has just graduated from college and will begin his first year as a teacher inSeptember. Experienced educators have correctly told him that teachers experience the mostsuccess when they:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   take the first 2 weeks of the school year to establish the classroom community

Question 181 out of 1 points

Students usually feel comfortable, safe, and more willing to take risks when:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   the classroom environment is predictable with familiar routines

Question 19

1 out of 1 points

Teachers can serve as a model of fluent reading by:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   reading aloud to students

Question 201 out of 1 points

After a visit to the zoo, first grade teacher Kate Sutton helped her students write about theirexperiences on large chart paper. The teacher wrote some words and the students took turnsadding words which they could write. This teacher and her students used a practice knownas:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   Sharing the Pen

Question 211 out of 1 points

Third grade teacher Gene Brady noticed that his students had difficulty using comprehensionstrategies. Of the following, the most effective way for this teacher to help his studentswould be to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   provide minilessons and model comprehension strategies

Question 221 out of 1 points

When a class is engaged in a literature focus unit:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   every student reads the same book

Question 231 out of 1 points

Students usually have more opportunities to work independently, select their readingmaterial, set personal schedules, and collaborate with classmates when they participate in:AnswerCorrect    

Answer: reading workshop

Question 241 out of 1 points

Effective teachers use formal and informal assessment measures primarily to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   modify their instruction and reteach when necessary

Question 251 out of 1 points

A balanced literacy program integrating components such as reading, writing, oral language,and content-area study is recommended for:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   all students

Question 261 out of 1 points

During a meeting with parents, first grade teacher Ryan Catania explained that theliteracy program would not be based solely on phonics instruction. Why do manyeducators feel that phonics is not a complete literacy program?Answer

Correct Answer:

Phonics, which describes the phoneme-grapheme correspondences and related spelling rules, isan important part of reading instruction. Students use phonics to decode words but it isn’t acomplete reading program because many common words can’t be decoded easily. English is nota purely phonetic language because there are 26 letters and 44 sounds and many ways tocombine the letters to spell the sounds. Reading is more than just decoding and consequentlymany more components are needed to create a complete program of literacy instruction.

Question 271 out of 1 points

Teachers use informal assessment tools to monitor daily progress. List three types ofinformal assessment tools that an elementary classroom teacher

could use.Answer

Correct Answer:

Informal assessment tools used by elementary teachers include: Observation of students as they participate in instructional activities Running records of students’ oral reading to analyze their ability to solve readingproblems Examination of students’ work Conferences to talk with students about their reading and writing Checklists to monitor students’ learning Rubrics to assess students’ writing

Question 281 out of 1 points

A fifth grade teacher would like to begin using Literature Circles in her classroom. Listthe steps the teacher should take to organize Literature Circles.Answer

Correct Answer:

When using Literature Circles, teachers should:1) Select five or six books at varying reading levels to meet the needs of all students in theclass.2) Give a book talk to motivate the students and to introduce the books.3) Provide time for each student to select the book which he/she would like to read.4) Help students form literature circles.5) Help students plan a reading and response schedule.6) Provide time for the literature circles to meet.

CHAPTER 2 Question 1

1 out of 1 points

The second grade class read a book about games usually played at children’s birthday parties.Juan, who had recently moved to the United States, became very confused and asked whyanyone would pin a tale on a donkey. The teacher then realized that Juan would havedifficulty reading the birthday text primarily because he lacked the necessary:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   background knowledge

Question 21 out of 1 points

When children participate in literature circles:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   students set their own purposes for reading

Question 31 out of 1 points

During guided reading, students should read books at their:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   instructional level

Question 41 out of 1 points

Shared reading differs from reading aloud to students primarily because during sharedreading:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   students see the text as the teacher reads aloud

Question 51 out of 1 points

The primary purpose of a Grand Conversation is to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   clarify and deepen students’ understanding of a text

Question 61 out of 1 points

Six year old Danny proudly read a list of words with no hesitation. Danny’s automaticresponse indicated that in this situation, he was most likely using a:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   decoding skill

Question 71 out of 1 points

Of the following, the best way for teachers to help their students understand and usecomprehension strategies is for the teacher to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   model comprehension strategies as they read aloud to the class

Question 81 out of 1 points

New teacher Tara Holds attended a workshop on the Writing Process in which she wascorrectly told that:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   the process involves recurring cycles

Question 91 out of 1 points

When engaged in the writing process, students focus upon mechanics such as capitalization,punctuation, and spelling when they reach the:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   editing stage

Question 101 out of 1 points

Of the following, the best way to assess the quality of students’ writing is to use a:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   rubric

Question 111 out of 1 points

Third grade teacher Eileen Baker relies upon research findings to guide her instruction.Research suggests that students’ reading and writing ability shows the most improvementwhen:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   reading and writing instruction are integrated

Question 121 out of 1 points

A second grade student wrote a paragraph in which she varied the length of her sentences toexpress action. Her classmates applauded the flow of her writing when she read the storyaloud. The work of this young writer showed that she:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   has developed sentence fluency

Question 131 out of 1 points

Every day first grade teacher Mary Tomlin works with a small group of students who arereading at the same level. She selects a book at their instructional level and helps thechildren apply strategies as they read. This teacher is using the instructional techniqueknown as:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   guided reading

Question 141 out of 1 points

Sixth grade teacher Kate Kane finds that the struggling readers in her class don’t understandthe ways in which more capable readers apply reading strategies. The principal wiselyadvised that the best way to help the students become more thoughtful, strategic readerswould be for the teacher to:AnswerCorrect    

Answer: use a think-aloud to demonstrate the thought processes that more capable readers use

Question 151 out of 1 points

Problem-solving tactics that students apply as they read are known as:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   strategies

Question 161 out of 1 points

When her students are engaged in the prewriting stage, fifth grade teacher Betty McIntyreencourages them to draw because drawing often:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   helps students organize their ideas

Question 171 out of 1 points

It is most appropriate for students to seek and receive feedback on their writing during the:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   revising stage

Question 181 out of 1 points

Proofreading should be taught:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   as early as first grade

Question 191 out of 1 points

To help students focus upon particular types of errors in their writing, many teachers provide:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   editing checklists

Question 201 out of 1 points

Students most often set their own purposes for reading when they are given time for:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   independent reading

Question 211 out of 1 points

The most authentic type of reading is:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   independent reading

Question 221 out of 1 points

During shared reading, children should:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   be invited to join in the reading of predictable refrains and rhyming words

Question 231 out of 1 points

Of the following, the best way to help students understand a comprehension strategy wouldbe to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   teach a minilesson on strategy use

Question 241 out of 1 points

When students engage in grand conversations, the teacher should:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   act as a participant rather than the leader

Question 251 out of 1 points

During periods of shared reading, teachers should:AnswerCorrect Answer:

   encourage students to join in the reading when they feel comfortable

Question 261 out of 1 points

Although the teacher felt that Susan would enjoy discussing the novel, Esperanza Rising,with her classmates, the student was not able to read that chapter book independently.What steps could the teacher take to enable Susan to enjoy this novel with herclassmates?Answer

Correct Answer:

The teacher could suggest that Susan and another classmate engage in Buddy Reading. Buddyreading is an enjoyable social activity that enables students to discuss books that they may not beable to read independently. Buddy reading is a good alternative to independent reading, and byworking together, students are often able to figure out unfamiliar words and confusing situations.

Question 271 out of 1 points

When a parent asked why the teacher conducted daily read alouds in a fourth gradeclassroom, the principal responded that reading aloud is beneficial for students of allages. What are the benefits of reading aloud to older students?Answer

Correct Answer:

Read-alouds are an important component of literacy instruction at all grade levels, not just foryoung children who can’t read many books on their own. There are many benefits of readingaloud: introducing vocabulary, modeling comprehension strategies, and increasing students’motivation. As they read aloud, teachers engage students in activities rather than postponingstudent-involvement until after reading. When teachers read aloud, they model what goodreaders do and how good readers use reading strategies.

Question 281 out of 1 points

A group of second grade students have been engaged in the writing process and they havereached the publishing stage. List three ways in which students could share their writingwith a larger audience.

Answer

Correct Answer:

Students can share their writing by: Making books Constructing mobiles Reading aloud to classmates, family members, and members of the community Making an audiotape for the school or community library Contributing to a class anthology Submitting to a newspaper Displaying their writing in community areas such as a library, municipal hall orrecreation center

CHAPTER 3 Question 1

1 out of 1 points

The concept of literacy incorporates all but which of the following ideas?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   children's readiness level

Question 21 out of 1 points

Children learn concepts of print byAnswerCorrect Answer:

   both

Question 31 out of 1 points

When children recognize the golden arches of "McDonald's" and they say "McDonald's," they are becoming aware ofAnswerCorrect Answer:

   environmental print.

Question 41 out of 1 points

During which stage of literacy development do young children read with expression and prefer to read silently?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   fluent

Question 51 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of morning messages?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   Children become fluent readers.

Question 61 out of 1 points

Which of the following happens during the beginning reading and writing stage?AnswerCorrect    

Answer: Students make reasonable predictions.

Question 71 out of 1 points

Second-grade students are usually in what phase of reading and writing?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   beginning

Question 81 out of 1 points

Teachers use shared writing to take students' words and experiences to create and read text. This is calledAnswerCorrect Answer:

   language experience approach

Question 91 out of 1 points

Your principal asks why you have included a play area that looks like a store in your room. You tell her that playing in that center allows children toAnswerCorrect Answer:

   rehearse uses of reading and writing as they act out familiar events.

Question 101 out of 1 points

A parent of an infant asks you how to best prepare his child to learn to read. You recommend heAnswerCorrect Answer:

   sing and play rhyming games with his child.

Question 111 out of 1 points

According to research, which of the following is the single most important home-based activity for preschool children in building the knowledge required for children's eventual success in reading?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   parents' reading aloud to children

Question 12

1 out of 1 points

Young children are literacy learners with all but which of the following characteristics?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   Young children do not learn to read until they enter school.

Question 131 out of 1 points

Students at which stage of development usually participate in literature circles?AnswerCorrect Answer:

  fluent

Question 140 out of 1 points

A kindergarten teacher provides opportunities for her students to exchange messages with classmates, to draw and write in journals, to write to parents, and to read and write stories. She is helping students gain an understanding ofAnswerCorrect Answer:

   concepts of print.

Question 150 out of 1 points

Miss Gould talks to her first graders about how letters represent sounds and how letters combine to spell words. She asks students to write capital and lowercase letters. She is helping her students learnAnswerCorrect Answer:

   alphabetic principles.

Question 161 out of 1 points

All but which of the following are examples of literacy play centers?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   restroom

Question 171 out of 1 points

All but which of the following are useful routines for teaching the letters of the alphabet?

AnswerCorrect Answer:

   paper and pencil

Question 181 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT a type of predictable book?AnswerCorrect Answer:

   poetry

Question 191 out of 1 points

The 3 stages of literacy learning are:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  emergent, beginning,

fluent

Question 201 out of 1 points

As she rides on the bus with her parents, four-year-old Lindsey proudly reads aloud the names of her favorite fast food restaurants and toy stores.  This act shows that Lindsey is developing an awareness of:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     environmental print

Question 211 out of 1 points

The goal for most educators is to help all students become fluent readers and writers by:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     the end of third grade

Question 221 out of 1 points

Mrs. Siddel’s students love to read their favorite book, The Big Race, with their teacher because on every page they can join in reading the phrase, “I can run, run, run as fast as your son.” This is an example of:AnswerCorrect   

predictable

Answer: text

Question 231 out of 1 points

The term emergent literacy is most closely associated with:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     Marie Clay

Question 241 out of 1 points

Every day, kindergarten teacher Doris Flack models the formation of manuscript letters on the chalkboard.  She does this because:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     moving models are more effective than still models

Question 251 out of 1 points

Researchers believe that when children become fluent readers their comprehension improves primarily because:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  they recognize more words automatically and have greater

cognitive energy available for comprehension

Question 261 out of 1 points

When planning a shared reading lesson, teachers most often select books that:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                    are at the children’s interest level but too difficult for independent reading

Question 271 out of 1 points

Five year-old Natalie wrote, “The littel babe bird sid helo.”  Natalie’s sentence contained examples of:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  invented

spellings Question 28

1 out of 1 points

An instructional practice in which student's dictate sentences to the teacher is:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  Language Experience

Approach Question 29

1 out of 1 pointsFirst grade teacher David Scott put an enlarged picture book on an easel

and pointed to each word as he read aloud to his students.  Mr. Scott was using:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  a big

book

Question 301 out of 1 points

Children and their teacher create a text together and “share the pen” as they write the text on chart paper when they are engaged in:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  interactive

writing Question 31

1 out of 1 pointsYoung children often dictate sentences for their teachers to write on chart

paper.  When transcribing a young child’s sentences, reading theorists advise teachers to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  keep editing to a minimum to validate the

child’s language

Question 321 out of 1 points

1.      Researchers now believe that:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                    children’s reading and writing abilities develop concurrently

Question 330 out of 1 points

1.      Literacy teachers place their instructional emphasis on decoding and recognizing words when students are in the:Answer

Correct Answer:

    beginning stage of reading and writing

c)      Question 34

1 out of 1 pointsFluent readers usually have a reading rate of :

AnswerCorrect Answer:

   100 words or more per minute

Question 351 out of 1 points

1.      During the emergent stage of literacy acquisition, children usually:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  a)      acquire concepts

about printb)     

Question 361 out of 1 points

1.      Researchers have found that young emergent readers:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  depend on context to read

familiar words Question 37

1 out of 1 points1.      It is most effective for educators to begin teaching letters of the

alphabet by using:AnswerCorrect Answer:

    children’s own names and environmental print

d)     Question 38

1 out of 1 pointsA good predictor of future reading success is the ability to:

AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     identify letters of the alphabet

Question 391 out of 1 points

Of the following, the strongest reason for engaging young children in shared reading experiences is to help them develop:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  concepts about

words Question 40

1 out of 1 pointsChildren first gain an understanding of the communicative purpose of print

during the:AnswerCorrect Answer:

                     emergent stage

Question 410 out of 1 points

First grade teacher Mary Kay would like to explain her program of traveling bags of books to her students’ parents.  The most effective way to explain the program to parents would be to:AnswerCorrect Answer:

  explain the program at a parent-

teacher meeting

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OK