Chapters 1 and 2

Geography

• Study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth

5 Themes-Location

• “Where is it?”• Absolute-exact• Relative-comparative

5 Themes-Place

• “What is it like?”• Physical-landforms,

climate• Cultural-religion,

traditions

5 Themes-Region

• “How are places similar?”

• DFW• North Texas

5 Themes- Human-Environment Interaction

• “How do people interact with the environment?”

• Depend-rivers

• Modify-roads

• Adapt-clothes

5 Themes- Movement

• “How do people, goods, and ideas move from place to place?”

• Technology is most important

Equator

• An imaginary line that divides the earth into northern and southern halves

Prime meridian

• Imaginary line dividing the earth into eastern and western halves

Hemisphere

• Half of the earth

• Northern, southern, eastern, western

Globe

• 3-Dimensional representation of earth

• Not portable

Cartographer

• Person who makes maps

• Map is 2-D, distorts landmasses, and is portable

Topographic Map

• Shows natural and man-made features on the earth

Thematic Map

• Emphasizes specific information like climate or vegetation or population

GIS-Geographic Information System

• A system that uses digital map information to create a databank

• Can add or remove

different layers to

highlight certain

information

• Economic – financial issues, business

• Social – Culture, society

• Political – government, leaders

• Nature – Environment, resources, physical geography

Chapter 2

• Objective: Explain the physical forces that shape the Earth and how they affect people

Hydrosphere

• Includes all water on earth

• Ocean=71%

• The Blue Planet

Lithosphere

• The solid rock-portion of the earth’s surface

• Includes crust and upper most mantle

Atmosphere

• The oxygen we breathe, protects earth from radiation, allows for weather and climate to occur

Hydrologic Cycle

• Continuous circulation of water between earth, atmosphere and oceans

Magma/Lava

• Molten Rock under/above surface

Tectonic Plates

• Giant moving pieces of the earth’s crust

Plate Movement

• Divergent-move apart, spreading horizontally

• Convergent-collide, one goes under or both crumple

• Transform-slide past one another

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Tectonic_plate_boundaries.png

Ring of Fire

• Zone around Pacific Ocean where most volcanoes and earthquakes occur

Earthquake

• Violent movement of the earth’s crust

Volcano

• Crack in the earth’s crust where molten rock exits

• Often on a mountain or bulge

• Violent

Tsunami

• Giant wave usually caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanoes

Destruction during Japanese Tsunami 2011

Aftermath at vehicle shipping yard

Weathering

• Process which acts upon the earth's surface to decompose and breakdown rocks and earth.

Glacier

• Large, slow moving mass of ice. Moves because of gravity

Erosion

• The movement of weathered material by wind, water, or ice