Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

Instructions for use

Title Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

Author(s) Sumawinata, Basuki

Citation International Symposium on "The Impact of Climate Change on Region Specific Systems". 6November 2009. Sapporo, Japan.

Issue Date 2009-11-06

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39899

Type conference presentation

File Information 05_Sumawinata.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/about.en.jsp

Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

Basuki Sumawinata

Presented in Graduate school of Environmental Earth science Hokkaido Univ. , Hokkaido, Japan. Nov 2009

Coastal peatland distribution in Indonesia


Peatlands in Indonesia

• Total peatlands about 18-20 million ha, about 10% from total Indonesian land. The peatlands naturally are covered by peat swamp forest

• About 5-6 million ha have been converted for agric purposes such as: Rice fields, coconut, rubber, oilpalm plantation and forest plantation

• More than 3.5 million ha become mal-developed land


Why utilization of peatlands face a lot problems ?

Geomorphology of peatlands are not well examined when drainage system are designed

Characterization of peat mainly follow methods for characterization of temperate peat and mineral soils

During evaluation of peat characteristics sometimes are not considered that peat can not be separated with its environments such as depth of watertable, peat porosity, former vegetation as source of peat, etc.


Why utilization of peatlands face a lot problems ?

Peatlands

Traditional, small scale

Controlled watertable

Utilization Gov. land reclamation, large scale

Improper concept and design of peatlands reclamation

Peat fire, dissappearing of peat, Poor farmers, destruction of PSF, Carbon emission etc

Private companies, oilpalm, rubber, and forest plantation

Peat subsidence, carbon emission


peatlands geomorphology and landuse



102°00'00" BT

01°25'00" LU 102°15'00" BT

01°37'30" LU

KETERANGAN:

DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERALDIREKTORAT JENDERAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL

DIREKTORAT INVENTARISASI SUMBER DAYA MINERALKODE PROYEK : 07.1.01440222.20.06.002.T.A.2004

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Ka.Sub.Dit. Batubara

DR.Ir. Hadiyanto, MSc

Ir. Bambang Pardiarto

Pemimpin Proyek

Ir. J. A. Eko Tjahjono DESS

Wawang, S. P

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Peatlands geomorphology

Pusat Sumberdaya geologi Presentation, jakarta 2007

Dome shape peatlands


Peatlands geomorphology

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DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERALDIREKTORAT JENDERAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL

DIREKTORAT INVENTARISASI SUMBER DAYA MINERALKODE PROYEK : 07.1.01440222.20.06.002.T.A.2004

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Disetujui / Disahkan

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Lampiran

Peta Top Lembar

Ka.Sub.Dit. Batubara

DR.Ir. Hadiyanto, MSc

Ir. Bambang Pardiarto

Pemimpin Proyek

Ir. J. A. Eko Tjahjono DESS

Wawang, S. P

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Pusat Sumberdaya geologi Presentation, jakarta 2007

Dome shape peatlands


Site location



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Jarak (m )

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E levasi Lahan (m) E levasi m inera l (m)

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Transect 1

Peat surface


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0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

Jarak (m)

Elev

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m)

Elevasi Lahan (m) Elevasi mineral (m)

S. Kampar

S. PanjangTransect 2

Peat surface


Formation of rivers and lakes

Older sedimentyounger sediment

Peat s characteristics ( 0- 10m)Low bulk density in deeper part: < 0.03 g.cc


Vegetation in peat dome areas in kampar peninsula area, Riau


Peat characteristis

Vegetatio n

Hyrological regimeGeomorphology of receiving basin

succession

Geomorphology of natural peatlands

Peat on deeper layers are not developed same condition with present environments

Peat and water chemistry


Vegetation in peat dome areas in kampar peninsula area, Riau

1987 1997

Rantau Rasau Jambi

Tepian parit di Proyek Sejuta hektar lahan gambut, Kalteng (2002)

Peatlands for paddy fields


Methodological Problems on peat characterization

Methodology for taking undisturbed peat samples

Methodology for lab. examination

100 cm2 diameter core sampler

Big sampler result more smaller bulk density

27000 cm2 diameter box sampler

• Sieve with 2mm or not sieve•Volume fiber•Fosfor determination



Peat and landuse



Canal floor

Surface water Elevation

Water control

River

Land Elevation

WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEATLAND

Dike

Canal floor

Water control

River

Land Elevation

WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEATLAND

Dike

3. Forest plantation and oil palm plantation


Forest plantation in peat soils : 1-1.5 million ha

Depth of water table are design 80-100 cm below peat surface


Source slide: PPKS, 2007. Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut,

Depth of water table are designed 100-120 cm below peat surface

Oil palm in peat soils: 300.000-400.000 ha


Source slide: PPKS, 2007. Pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit di lahan gambut J k t

Compaction of plant hole


Un-success Acacia crassicarpa plants in hydrophobic peat, planted after peat fire


40.000 Ha 10.000 Ha

+ 22.00+ 24.00

+ 28.00

Water Deficit 335 mm/yr

3 m

Soil water Supply 337 mm/yr

mineral

RESERVOIR AND CULTIVATED AREA


Sagu (Metroxylon sagu)

Sagu : shallow drainage system (20 cm)Starch production : 10-30 ton starch/ ha/ year (after 6-8 years)Naturally sago grow in shallow peat, but by addition fertilizer sago can produce good results in deep peat


Current issue on Peatlands : Conserve or Utilize

Main target: Balance among environment, sustainability, and People prosperity

CHG emission

Deforestation

Prosperity Forest plantation Oil palm

Ex mega rice project

Blocking canal

Good water management Peat subsidence

landuse planning Good Prospect business


Methodology of peat characterization play an important role of the success and failure of peat land reclamation.

Characterization of peat should consider the relation among peat substrate, peat water, and water regime and peat and water chemistry

Wise use of peat land for plantation (palm oil or forest) is not taboo, as long as good managements are practiced

Water management in peat land management play great role to support the success of the peat land utilization

Sago (Metroxylon sagu) which can grow under swamp condition and produce a lot of starch, should be studied more detail to meet the need of environmental friendly vegetation, and have possibility to alleviate poverty

Conclusion


Central Kalimantan

South Sumatera

Berbak Delta, Jambi

Location

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Characteristics and Current Issues of Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia

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