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Characteristics of Civilization
Overview
• Social Structure
• Writing
• Art
• Government
• Cities
• Religion
Social Structure
• People and Society became divided by economic power (wealth)
• Upper Class – wealthiest, most powerful
• Middle Class- farmers and workers
• Lower Class- slaves
Rulers
Priests
Warriors
And Government OfficialsUpper Class
Middle Class
Lower
Class
Free People
Farmers
Artisans – make art things
Craftspeople – make tools and things like wagons
Slaves
Writing
• Writing was used to keep accurate records.
• Also used for creative expression.
• Hunters and Gatherers didn’t have to remember everything and they could pass it along by word of mouth.
Art
• Artistic activity also defines a civilization
• Architects built temples and pyramids
• Painters and sculptors portrayed stories of nature and depicted rulers and gods.
Government
• Created to defend the people and the food supply.
• Governments organized armies and made laws to regulate their people’s lives.
• First governments were usually run by a Monarch (king or queen)
Cities
• Large numbers of people living together
City map of ancient Ur.
Artists version of ancient Ur in Mesopotamia
Religion
• Religion explained the forces of nature and man’s role in the world.
• Priests would perform rituals to guarantee the gods were pleased.
• Priests became important people
Ziggurat of Ur
Review Pictures
City map of ancient Ur.
Artists version of ancient Ur in Mesopotamia
Ziggurat of Ur