Characteristics of Characteristics of CivilizationsCivilizations

World HistoryWorld History

But First…But First…

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Essential QuestionEssential Question

What is a civilization?What is a civilization?

Do you know what a scribe is?Do you know what a scribe is?

Professional record keeperProfessional record keeper

What is a Civilization?What is a Civilization?

Advanced citiesAdvanced cities Specialized workersSpecialized workers Complex institutionsComplex institutions Record keepingRecord keeping Advanced technologyAdvanced technology

Advanced CitiesAdvanced Cities

A city is a center for tradeA city is a center for trade City dwellers produce a variety of City dwellers produce a variety of

goods for exchangegoods for exchange

Specialized WorkersSpecialized Workers

As cities grow, the need for As cities grow, the need for specialized workers grow as wellspecialized workers grow as well

Examples: Traders, government Examples: Traders, government officials, and Priestsofficials, and Priests

To specialize means the To specialize means the development of skills in a specific development of skills in a specific kind of workkind of work

ArtisansArtisans are skilled workers who are skilled workers who make goods by hand, like weapons, make goods by hand, like weapons, pottery, and jewelrypottery, and jewelry

The wide range of crafts made cities The wide range of crafts made cities centers of tradecenters of trade

Complex InstitutionsComplex Institutions

Leaders emerge to maintain order Leaders emerge to maintain order and establish lawsand establish laws

Government is an example of an Government is an example of an institutioninstitution

ReligionReligion

With the growth of cities also came With the growth of cities also came growth of religions.growth of religions.

Religion is another example of a Religion is another example of a complex institution because it is complex institution because it is organized, and there are certain organized, and there are certain rules to followrules to follow

Record KeepingRecord Keeping

As government, religion, and the economy As government, religion, and the economy become more complex, people recognized become more complex, people recognized the need to keep recordsthe need to keep records

Document tax collections, the passage of Document tax collections, the passage of laws, and the storage of grainlaws, and the storage of grain

Priests needed ways to keep track of Priests needed ways to keep track of yearly ritualsyearly rituals

Merchants had to record amounts of debts Merchants had to record amounts of debts and repaymentsand repayments

What is a scribe?What is a scribe? A scribe is a professional record keeperA scribe is a professional record keeper Some kept records with writing and others Some kept records with writing and others

kept records with pictures, signs, and kept records with pictures, signs, and symbolssymbols

A scribe’s tool, called a stylus, was a A scribe’s tool, called a stylus, was a sharpened reed with a wedge-shaped sharpened reed with a wedge-shaped point. It was pressed into moist clay to point. It was pressed into moist clay to create symbols.create symbols.

Scribes baked their clay tablets in the sun Scribes baked their clay tablets in the sun to preserve their writingto preserve their writing

They wrote in They wrote in CuneiformCuneiform script, which is script, which is the earliest known writing(3000 B.C.)the earliest known writing(3000 B.C.)

StylusStylus

What did they write about?What did they write about?

WarsWars Natural DisastersNatural Disasters Reign of KingsReign of Kings This started the beginning of historyThis started the beginning of history

Advanced TechnologyAdvanced Technology

New tools and techniques were New tools and techniques were always needed to solve daily always needed to solve daily problemsproblems

Farmers used animals to plow their Farmers used animals to plow their fieldsfields

Farmers created elaborate systems Farmers created elaborate systems of irrigationof irrigation

Artisans created in the potter’s wheel Artisans created in the potter’s wheel in 3500 B.C. to shape jugs, vases, in 3500 B.C. to shape jugs, vases, plates, etc.plates, etc.

Around 2500 B.C. metalworkers Around 2500 B.C. metalworkers discovered how to make Bronze.discovered how to make Bronze.

They were able to make bronze They were able to make bronze spearheads instead of stonespearheads instead of stone

Modern Day ExamplesModern Day Examples

Share with a partner some modern Share with a partner some modern day examples of each characteristic day examples of each characteristic of a civilization. of a civilization. – Advanced citiesAdvanced cities– Specialized workersSpecialized workers– Complex institutionsComplex institutions– Record keepingRecord keeping– Advanced technologyAdvanced technology

Big IdeasBig Ideas

Civilizations grew from citiesCivilizations grew from cities Cities were centers of tradeCities were centers of trade Cities needed specialized workersCities needed specialized workers Cities needed organized government Cities needed organized government

and religionand religion Cities needed record keeping- (which Cities needed record keeping- (which

started this whole thing we call started this whole thing we call history)history)

Cities needed advanced technologyCities needed advanced technology

QUIZQUIZ Use your note sheets to answer these 5 Use your note sheets to answer these 5

questions on the paper providedquestions on the paper provided

I’ll give you a minute to gather them….I’ll give you a minute to gather them….

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1. How long ago did “Prehistoric” times end?1. How long ago did “Prehistoric” times end?2. The development of agriculture is tied to the2. The development of agriculture is tied to the A) Stone Age B) Bronze AgeA) Stone Age B) Bronze Age C) Neolithic Age D) Paleolithic AgeC) Neolithic Age D) Paleolithic Age3. What human accomplishment occurred first?3. What human accomplishment occurred first? A) mastery over fireA) mastery over fire B) wheel inventionB) wheel invention C) production of bronze tools C) production of bronze tools D) development of irrigation systemsD) development of irrigation systems4. Which is a characteristic of a civilization?4. Which is a characteristic of a civilization? A) advanced cities B) specialized workersA) advanced cities B) specialized workers C) record keeping D) all of the aboveC) record keeping D) all of the above5. Where is the birthplace of agriculture?5. Where is the birthplace of agriculture?