Characteristics of Life

• Growth and development• Cellularity• Reproduction• Responsiveness• Movement• Require energy

Scientific method• Observation• Research• Hypothesis: prediction. You are predicting the

outcome of an experiment you are about to perform

• Experimentation: control vs experimental group– Independent vs dependent variable

• Collect data• Analyze data• Formulate a conclusion

Hypothesis vs theory

• Hypothesis: comes before the experiment– Prediction

• Theory: comes after SEVERAL experiments– Explanation

• Law: fact

Prokaryote: simple single celled organsims

• Have NO NUCLEUS• DNA floats freely in the cell• 2 Kingdoms• Archaebacteria: live in EXTREME

environments• Eubacteria: live in normal environments

Eukaryote: single of multicelled

• Have a TRUE Nucleus• 4 Kingdoms– Protista– Animal: organelle-cell-tissue-organ-system– Plant– Fungi

Animal and plant cell organelles

Biomolecules; Organic compounds; macromolecule; polymer

• Protein: amino acid• Carbohydrate: simple sugar

– Starch: plant energy storage– Glycogen: animal energy storage– Cellulose: builds cell walls

• Lipid: triglyceride: 3 fatty acid + glycerol– Fats and oils

• Saturated fat: Animal fat; solid at room temperature; have all single C-H bonds• Unsaturated fat: plant; liquid at room temperature; have double carbon-hydrogen bonds

– Wax – Steroid– Phospholipid: builds cell membrane

• Nucleic Acids: nucleotide– DNA and RNA

• Replication: DNA-DNA• Transcription: DNA-RNA• Translation: RNA-protein• Base pair rules• A-T, C-G• Or A-U if you are making RNA• Structure of DNA: double helix– 2 strands of nucleotides: sugar phosphate backbone

• Nitrogen bases in the middle

• Structure of RNA: single strand

Structure of cell membrane or plasma membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol floating

• Passive transport: high to low concentration– NO ENERGY IS NEEDED– Simple diffusion– Facilitated diffusion– Osmosis

• Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

• Active transport: low to high concentration– Need energy (ATP)