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Characteristics of Living Characteristics of Living Things and ClassificationThings and Classification
What makes something living?What makes something living?
How do we organize living things?How do we organize living things?
Organization of Living ThingsOrganization of Living Things
ORGANISMORGANISM
BODY SYSTEMSBODY SYSTEMS
ORGANSORGANS
TISSUESTISSUES
CELLSCELLS
ORGANELLESORGANELLES
MOLECULESMOLECULES
MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS
UNICELLULARUNICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS
4 Characteristics of ALL Living 4 Characteristics of ALL Living ThingsThings
1.1. Living things are made of Living things are made of CELLSCELLS that that contain DNAcontain DNA
2.2. Living things have a Living things have a METABOLISMMETABOLISM to to help them use energy to live, grow, and help them use energy to live, grow, and developdevelop
3.3. Living things maintain Living things maintain HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS• A stable internal environmentA stable internal environment
4.4. Living things Living things REPRODUCEREPRODUCE
Similarities and Differences Among Similarities and Differences Among Living ThingsLiving Things
Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar ANDAND different waysdifferent ways
8 Life processes that are similar and different among living 8 Life processes that are similar and different among living things:things: Obtaining Obtaining nutrientsnutrients TransportTransport of materials throughout organism of materials throughout organism Breaking down nutrients to get energy (Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular respirationcellular respiration)) Combining simple substances to make more complex substances Combining simple substances to make more complex substances
((synthesissynthesis)) GrowthGrowth Removal of waste products (Removal of waste products (ExcretionExcretion)) Responding to internal and external stimuli (Responding to internal and external stimuli (SensitivitySensitivity)) ReproducingReproducing
Helping VocabularyHelping Vocabulary Number of cells:Number of cells:
MulticellularMulticellular:: Made of Made of manymany cells cells
UnicellularUnicellular:: Made of Made of oneone cell cell
Nucleus- Yes or No?Nucleus- Yes or No? EukaryoteEukaryote::
Cells contain a nucleusCells contain a nucleus ProkaryoteProkaryote::
Cells lack a nucleusCells lack a nucleus Mode of nutrition:Mode of nutrition:
HeterotrophHeterotroph:: Need to Need to obtainobtain food food
AutotrophAutotroph:: Can Can makemake own food own food
Just to get you thinking!Just to get you thinking!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF1lA161ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wF1lA161eJ0&feature=relatedJ0&feature=related
The 6 KingdomsThe 6 Kingdoms
Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped orgs Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped orgs into 6 different kingdomsinto 6 different kingdoms
Animalia Animalia
FungiFungi
PlantaePlantae
ProtistaProtista
MoneraMonera(now Archebacteria and Eubacteria)(now Archebacteria and Eubacteria)
UNICELLULARUNICELLULAR
MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULAR
EUKARYOTICEUKARYOTIC
PROKARYOTICPROKARYOTIC
Obtaining NutrientsObtaining Nutrients
HeterotrophHeterotroph Gets nutrients from the environmentGets nutrients from the environment Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and MoneraAnimalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera
AutotrophAutotroph Makes own foodMakes own food Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)
Transport of materialsTransport of materials
Unicellular Orgs:Unicellular Orgs: Transport within Transport within
cytoplasmcytoplasm Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Protista, MoneraProtista, Monera
Multicellular Orgs:Multicellular Orgs: Transport within liquids Transport within liquids
and tubesand tubes Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Animalia, Plantae, FungiAnimalia, Plantae, Fungi
ReproductionReproduction
Asexual:Asexual: One parentOne parent Offspring genetically identical Offspring genetically identical
(clones)(clones) Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Some Fungi, Protista, MoneraSome Fungi, Protista, Monera
Sexual:Sexual: Two parentsTwo parents Offspring genetically different from Offspring genetically different from
parentsparents Kingdoms:Kingdoms:
Some Fungi, Plantae, AnimaliaSome Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Classification of Living ThingsClassification of Living Things
Why classify organisms?Why classify organisms? For easy identificationFor easy identification For evolutionary comparison of organismsFor evolutionary comparison of organisms
Organisms are grouped into large Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similaritiescategories based on similarities
Once in a group, organisms are separated Once in a group, organisms are separated based on differencesbased on differences
Classification of Living ThingsClassification of Living Things5 Kingdoms5 Kingdoms
Phyla (s. Phylum)Phyla (s. Phylum)
ClassClass
OrderOrder
FamilyFamily
GenusGenus
speciesspecies
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
# OF ORGANISMSDECREASES
DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES
Acronym to help remember!Acronym to help remember!
KKinging
PPhilliphillip
CCame ame
OOverver
FForor
GGoodood
SSpaghettipaghetti
Classification of HumansClassification of Humans
KINGDOMKINGDOM: Animalia: AnimaliaPHYLUMPHYLUM: Chordata: Chordata
Has backboneHas backbone
CLASSCLASS: Mammalia: Mammalia Females have mammary glandsFemales have mammary glands
ORDERORDER: Primates: Primates Larger brain sizeLarger brain size
FAMILYFAMILY: Hominidae: HominidaeGENUSGENUS: Homo: HomoSPECIESSPECIES: sapiens: sapiens
Scientific NamingScientific Naming
Scientific nameScientific name = = Genus + speciesGenus + species speciesspecies is not capitalized is not capitalized Always italicized or underlinedAlways italicized or underlined Ex. Homo sapiens Ex. Homo sapiens or or Homo sapiensHomo sapiens
AbbreviationAbbreviation:: First letter of First letter of GenusGenus, followed by , followed by speciesspecies Ex. Ex. H. sapiensH. sapiens