1 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

“Energy innovation as Key Driver for responsibility”

LIQUID BIOFUELS and GAS

Philippine-Finland Society 22nd May 2012

Characteristics of Wärtsilä power plants

MultiMode operations•Base load

•Load following, wind chasing, peaking

•Regulation

•Fast reserve

Agility of dispatch•Megawatts to grid in 1 minute from start

•5/10 minutes to full load from start

•Fast shut down - 1 minute

•Fast ramp rates up & down

•Unrestricted up/down times

•High starting reliability

•Remote operator access including start & stop

•Black start capability

Low generation costs•High electrical efficiency

– High dispatch with low CO2

•Wide economic load range

– Multiple units

– Any plant output with high efficiency

•No derating - Higher dispatch

•Low maintenance costs, not influenced by cyclic operation

•Low/no water consumption

High plant reliability and availability•Typical unit availability > 96%

•Typical unit reliability ~ 99%

•Typical unit starting reliability > 99 %

Optimum plant location and size•Industrial outlook to the plant enables location inside load pockets i.e. cities

•Flexible, stepwise expandable plant size

– Same high performance independent of plant size

•Low pipeline gas pressure requirement (5 bar)

Fuel flexibility•Natural gas (with back-up fuel)

•Liquid fuels (LBF, LFO, HFO)

•Fuel conversions

Low environmental impact•Low CO2 and local emissions even when ramping and on part load

•The best thermal technology to provide sustainable grid stability

How Do We Serve Our Customers

25 April 2012

The Wärtsilä Engine Portfolio

Wärtsilä 20

1.0 – 1.6 MW

6 – 9 cylinders

Wärtsilä 46

Wärtsilä 50DF

11.7 – 17.6 MW

12 – 18 cylinders

Wärtsilä 50SG

19.3 MW

18 cylinders

Wärtsilä 46F

23 MW

20 cylinders

Wärtsilä 32

Wärtsilä 32GD

Wärtsilä 34DF

2.5 – 9.2 MW

6 – 20 cylinders

Wärtsilä 34SG

4.5 – 10 MW

9 – 20 cylinders

Three frame sizes of turbocharged, inter-cooled, heavy duty

medium speed engines.

25 April 2012

Summary of gas and dual fuel power plants

W34DF / W50DF CMPP

CMPP = Compact Modular Power Plant

W32GD / W46GD CMPPW34SG GAScube 8 – 30 MW

W50SG CMPP 20–500MWW34SG CMPP 100-300 MWW34SG CMPP 10-100 MW

53 MW Wärtsilä 6x20V32 Power Plant – 3D View

110000

196800

25 April 2012

W20V32 CMPP, SECTION VIEW

CMPP = Compact Modular Power

Plant25 April 2012

OilCube W32

Overhead

crane

Generator air

outlet duct

Engine maintenance

platform

Compressed air

units

The OilCube a fully pre-designed

power plant and optimized for a single engine

and lowest possible own consumption

25 April 2012

Wärtsilä 20 Containerised Power Plant

Stack

Cooling water

expansion vessel

Satellite antenna

(optional)

Radiator fans

Cooling elements

Generating

Set

Container

Auxiliary

Container

Alarm indicator

Radiator guide

vanes /

transportation

cover

Pipe connection

to Customer

systems

9

Auxiliary

containers

Generating

Set

Containers

Example of

multiple container

piping connection

Wärtsilä W20 Containerised Power Plant

1

Generating Set Container

LV switchgearW9L20 Engine

+ generator

Container leak fuel unit

Charge air filter and

ventilation unit

Genset container

module

Ventilation unit

1

Auxiliary Container

Radiator elements

W20 Power Skid

Ventilation unit

Radiator fans

Cable ladders

Radiator guide vanes /

transportation cover

1

13 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Diesel Oil (LFO)

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)

Natural Gas (NG)

Crude Oil (CRO)

Liquid Biofuels (LBF)

Emulsified Fuels

High Viscosity HFO

Wärtsilä Fuel Versatility

14 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Wärtsilä Liquid Biofuel Power Plants

300200100

Plant size [MW]

501051

W20

W32

W46

LFO, HFO, CRO, LBF

LFO, HFO, CRO, LBF,

Emulsified Oils

LFO, HFO, CRO, LBF

LFO = Liquid Fuel Oil

HFO = Heavy Fuel Oil

CRO = Crude Oil

LBF = Liquid Bio Fuel

NG = Natural Gas

W34DF

W50DF

LFO, HFO, LBF, NG

LFO, HFO, LBF, NG

Fuel strategy

FOSSIL FUELS

RENEW

ABLE FUELS

LIQUID FUELS

Liquid Bio Fuels (LBF)

• Palm oil

• Jatropha oil

• Fish oil (tested)

• Chicken oil (tested)

In R&D phase

• Glycerol (tested)

• Algae

• Other animal Fats

• Ethanol

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)

• HFO1-Low S, ash etc.

• HFO2-High S, ash etc.

• NSER HFO (2009 >50%)

Light Fuel Oil (LFO)

Fuel Water Emulsions (FWE)

• FWE O/W (oil in water,visc)

• FWE W/O (water in oil,NOx)

Crude Oil (CRO)

• By nature compositions vary

GAS FUELS SOLID FUELS

Biogas

• MN > 90, LHV>17MJ/Nm3

Gasification gas (R&D)

• MN?, LHV> 4MJ/Nm3

Natural Gas (NG)

• MN >60, LHV>24MJ/Nm3

Associated Gas (AG)

• MN>30, LHV> 24MJ/Nm3

Coal Bed Methane (CBM)

• MN >90, LHV > 17MJ/Nm3

Coal Mine Ventilation Gas

• MN > 90, LHV > 17MJ/Nm3

MW Power fuel range

Fuels for gasifier (R&D)

• Wood based fuels

• Eucalyptus

Potential fuels (R&D)

• Bagasse

• Straw

• Rice husk

• Municipal solid waste (directives?)

• LBF residues (jatropha, palm oil)

25 April 2012 16 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

1995. Engine test with wood pyrolysis oil on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine at VTT in Espoo, Finland. The engine was able to operate on pyrolysis oil. The conclusion was that pyrolysis oil operation requires further R&D which was not justified based on the market outlook at that time.

Wärtsilä Renewable Fuel Milestones

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

September 2001. A 50 hour engine test with waste vegetable oil from the food processing

industry on a Wärtsilä 6L26 engine at the test laboratory in Zwolle, Netherlands.

October 2002. A 18 hour verification test with refined palm oil, palm stearin and

olive olein on a Wärtsilä 6L32 engine at the engine laboratory in Vaasa, Finland.

April 1995. A 200 hour engine test with rapeseed oil on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine was performed at VTT in Espoo, Finland. The test was successful and vegetable oil was approved as fuel for Wärtsilä diesel engines.

February-September 2009. Successful engine

tests with jatropha oil and animal based fish oil

and chicken oil on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine

at VTT in Espoo, Finland.

Power plants in commercial operation

17 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Palm Oil

– Oil palm is Southeast Asia’s most rapidly expanding crop

– Palm oil is mainly used for food or in the food industry

– Over 85% of the production is in Asia (Indonesia and Malaysia), Africa and Latin America also harvest significant areas of oil palm

– The oil palm can yield 6000 litres of oil per hectare, average yield in Malaysia ~4000 litres/ha

– Malaysia and Indonesia are planning to set aside 40 % of their annual palm output for biofuel (biodiesel)

18 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Jatropha Oil

• Jatropha, or most typically the crop species

Jatropha Curcas L. (also called physic nut), is a

large shrub or tree producing oil containing seeds.

• Jatroha originates from Central America, but has

spread all over the world

• The Jatropha plant grows on marginal land with

more than 600mm rainfall per year, and it can

withstand long drought periods but can’t withstand

frost.

• The straight oil is pressed out of the seeds inside

the fruits.

• The oil is inedible

19 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Jatropha Oil

• The jatropha oil industry is still young

• There are huge variations in yield potential predictions, it is estimated to

be 1000..2200 litres per hectare per year depending on soil conditions,

climate, irrigation etc.

• Plantations are being started up in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

• The plantations reach maturity and full production in 3-4 years

• There is no commodity market for jatropha oil yet.

20 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

IGE Block 1 (Pentesilea)

• Location: Monopoli, Italy

• Prime movers: 3 x Wärtsilä 18V32

• Output: 24 MWe

• Fuel: Liquid biofuel (Mainly palm oil)

• Steam is generated with exhaust gas boilers

for a olive oil refinery & biodiesel

production plant

• SCR is installed for NOx abatement

• The power plant started up in August 2004

– Engines 1 & 2 have over

40,000 operating hours

– Engine 3 has over 35,000 operating

hours since July 2005

– Availability > 95%

21 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

IGE Block 2

Location: Monopoli, Italy

Prime movers: 6 x Wärtsilä 18V46 + Steam turbine

Output: 100 MWe (engines) + 11 MWe (turbine)

Fuel: Liquid biofuel (mainly palm oil)

Emission control: SCR NOx abatement

Operation of the 3 first engines started in January 2008

22 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Unigrà

• Location: Conselice, Italy

• Prime movers: 3 x W18V46 +

combined cycle

• Output: 50 MWel (engines) + 6

MWel (steam turbine)

• Fuel: Liquid biofuel (palm oil)

• Emission control: SCR NOx

abatement

• Handed over in September 2008

23 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Koekhoven

• Location: Merksplas, Belgium

• Prime mover: 1 x W20V32

• Output: 9 MWel + 7.5 MWth (Hot water)

• Main fuel: Liquid biofuel (Jatropha oil)

• Emission control: SCR NOx abatement

• The heat produced by the plant is supplied to:

– a drying facility for digested biomass recovered

from a manure fermentation plant

– a greenhouse producing tomatoes

• The 9 MW Wärtsilä 20V32 engine will provide

electrical power sufficient to serve

approximately 20,000 households

• The gross electrical efficiency is 44.2% and

an overall efficiency of more than 85%,

annual savings of CO2 will total more than

36,000 tons.

• Expected start up during Q4 2009

24 ©Wärtsilä Niklas Haga

Liquid Biofuel Refernces

Project Location Country Engine type MW Heat recovery Year sold

SFIR Brindisi Brindisi Italy W18V46 33.3 steam 2008

Merksplas Jatropha Merksplas Belgium W20V32 9 hot water 2008

SEA Molise Italy W20V32 9 CHP 2008

FATER 01 Pescara, Abruzzo region Italy W18V32 8.1 2008

Lepori Cairate Cairate Italy W18V32 8 CHP 2008

Cef la Gres 2000 Ostellato, Ferrara Italy W16V32 7.2 2007

Piano Lago Energia Figline Vegliaturo Italy W9L20 4.6 2007

STC Ferrero 1 Sant 'Angelo dei Lombardi Italy W20V32 16.8 2007

STC Ferrero 2 Balvano Italy W20V32 8.4 2007

CEG CASTELLANZA Castellanza, Lombardy Italy W18V46 51.2 2007

CEG PARMA Parma Italy W18V46 51.2 2007

SECA PIOMBINO Piombino, Tuscany Italy W18V32 24.1 2007

Ricciarell i piramide molfetta Molfetta Italy W18V32 8 CHP 2007

EUROPEA Isola Dovarese Italy W9L20 3.2 CHP 2007

Ricciarell i Alimonti Teverola Teverola Italy W18V32 8 CHP 2007

Ricciarell i Melfi Melfi Italy W18V32 8 CHP 2007

Ricciarelli Melfi extension Melfi Italy W18V32 16.1 CHP 2007

FERPOWER TREVIGLIO Treviglio Italy W6L20 1 2007

ItalGreen Molfetta Molfetta Italy W18V46 34.2 2007

Cerealdocks Portogruaro Portogruaro Italy W16V32 7.1 2006

Distercoop Faenza Faenza Italy W20V32 26.8 CHP 2006

Green Energy Pozzallo Pozzallo Italy W18V46 17.1 Combined Cycle 2006

PISTICHI PISTICCI Italy W18V32 12.1 CHP 2006

FRIEL ACERRA ACERRA Italy W18V46 68.3 Combined cycle 2006

Energy Care OCCIMIANO Italy 9R32LN 3.2 CHP 2006

Monopoli IGE BL-2 Monopoli Italy 18V46 102.5 Combined Cycle 2005

Unigra Conselice Italy 18V46 51.3 Combined Cycle 2005

I talian Alps ValSenales Italy 6L20 0.8 CHP 2005

Pentesilea extension Monopoli Italy W18V32 8 CHP 2004

Pentesilea Monopoli Italy W18V32 16 CHP 2003

KARLBURG Karlburg Germany W6L32 2.6 2002

VTT ESPOO ESPOO Finland 4R32 1.5 1994

Unconventional gases

Shale Gas

Overview

Coalbed Methane

Origin of the gas

Typical compositions and other parameters

Market Potential for Wärtsilä

Shale Gas – Overview

• Shale gas is in every way very similar to CBM, it is only found in shale

seams instead of coal seams

• Shale gases that tend to be “wet” (i.e. contain high amounts of higher

hydro carbons) have however also been reported

• The power production alternative is often referred to as ”gas by wire”

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic

sedimentary rock composed of

mud that is a mix of flakes of clay

minerals and tiny fragments (silt-

sized particles) of other minerals,

especially quartz and calcite.

Wikipedia

14.10.2010

Coalbed Methane - Origin

• The gas present in untapped coal

seams is called coalbed methane

• Most coalbeds are permeated with

methane but only certain ranks of coal

are suitable for CBM production

• Within coal seams, methane is present

on the surface of the solid material

• Wells similar to those drilled for natural

gas has traditionally been used

(vertical)

• Development of more advanced

drilling technologies (horizontal and in-

seam drilling) have led to an increase

in production rates

28 © Wärtsilä 23 May 2012 09-013 - Large gas plants.ppt / M. Wideskog

� Minimum cost, pre-designed, single engine power plant solution using:

� W20V34SG (16V34SG option)

� Targeted for power plants with 1…3 engines

� Features

� High electrical efficiency through minimization of plant own consumption

� Simple technical solutions

� 100% detail design

� No changes in the cube, options outside (tanks, switchgear-room etc.)

What is GasCube?

Wärtsilä GasCube

29 © Wärtsilä 23 May 2012 09-013 - Large gas plants.ppt / M. Wideskog

2 1. Maintenance water tank 3,2 m3

2. Starting air vessel 3,0 m3

3. Exhaust Gas Module

4. Cube Auxiliary Module

5. Wärtsilä 20V34SG gas engine

6. Generator

14

3

56

1

2

3

4

GasCube Mechanical Systems - inside

Wärtsilä GasCube CBM – Required fuel system changes

Compact gas ramp

-All materials of

Stainless steel

-Gas filter changed to

coalescing type

Shut off valves

-All materials of

Stainless steel

-Additional vent

valves neededGas compressor

-Designed for humid gas

-Coalescing filter at

compressor outlet

Gas Filter

-Designed for humid

gas

-Water and fine

particle removal

All piping down stream of compressor

shall be stainless steel

24 April 2012

1x 18V50SG in Aksa Samsun, Turkey

� Commercial operation since

5 August 2011

� 1 year test program defined

together with WIO

� Running hours >3000

� Some issues with

oCylinder pressure sensors

oPre chamber tip material

24 April 2012

Wärtsilä 18V50SG

Natural gas fuelled, spark ignited, lean-burn, medium-speed engine

50 Hz 60 Hz

Speed 500 rpm 514 rpm

Power 18321 kWel 18759 kWel

Emissions (NOx)(without back end cleaning)

90 ppm at 15% O2 dry (TA Luft)

45 ppm at 15% O2 dry (½ TA Luft)

24 April 2012

Engine technology as a function of gas quality

Methane

Number100 90 80 70 60 50 40 …

SG

DF

GD

Gas composition in %-vol (as guidance)

Methane C1 100 97 93 90 87 85 85

Ethane C2 3 5 6 7 7 8 x

Propane C3 2 3 3 4 3 x

Butane C4 1 2 2 1 x

Pentane C5 1 1 1 x

Hexane C6 1 1 x

Heptane C7 1 x

Gas composition values presented for guidance only!

N2 and/ or CO2 will improve Methane Number

Exact values to be calculated by Methane Number calculator

If gas content exceeds 1% >C4 contact PPT

Gas products and business / M. Wideskog34 © Wärtsilä 23 May 2012 09-013 - Large gas plants.ppt / M. Wideskog

The End

Thank you for your

attention!

Doc.ID: Revision: Status:1/ © Wärtsilä

Jatropha Oil

Thermal Energy Value of Jatropha Oil: 16,264 BTU/lb (37748 kJ/kg)Heat Rate of W20: 8561 kJ/kwhSpecific Fuel Consumption: 0.2267kg/KwhYield of Jatropha: 6 kg of seeds per plantNo. of plants per hectare: 1000 plantsTotal weight of Jatropha seed per hectare: 6000 kgsTotal Wt of Jatropha seed for 1000 hectares; 6,000,000 kgsOil contents of Jatropha seed: 35%No. of harvest per year: 2Total Jatropha Oil produced per year: 4, 200,000 kgsEffective Energy produced per year: 18,519,416 kwhNo of operating hours per yr: 8000 hrsEffective Power can be generated: 2314 kW

May 21, 2012 bingtomas22may2012

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM STUDIES INC. Date : Sept. 22, 2007 Subject : LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF JATROPHA METHYL ESTER ( as Biodiesel ) Client : The Asian Institute of Petroleum Studies, Inc. (AIPSI) Notes : Jatropha Oil submitted by RS Diaz & FC Galindo of the Asian Institute of Petroleum Studies, Inc (AIPSI) to Chemrez Laboratories for testing. Jatropha nuts were supplied by PNOC- Alternative Fuel Corporation; mechanical oil extraction was

done by Technological University of the Philippines for AIPSI; esterification was done by Chemrez technologies, Inc.; Technical Analysis for fuel application done by AIPSI

Research Chemist: Glenn Apostol

- OFA – other fatty acids - Jathropa Oil is highly unsaturated (78.77%) with oxidation stability of less than 1 hour. - Other properties were not tested due to insufficient sample quantity. - Thermal Energy Value of Jatropha Seeds = 4,980 cal/g. at 0% moisture or 8,963 Btu/lb - Thermal Energy Value of Jatropha Oil = 9,036 cal/g. or 16,264 Btu /lb (slightly lower than Bunker C) The foregoing is proprietary data of the Asian Institute of Petroleum Studies, Inc. ( AIPSI ) and Chemrez Tech. Inc.: email: rsdiazjr@gmail.com or dodogalindo@yahoo.com

Properties

Expelled Oil

( Crude Oil )

Degummed, Neutralized

( Refined Oil )

Esterified Oil

( Jatropha Methyl Ester )

Appearance in liquid Slightly hazy yellow Clear orange Slightly hazy, light yellow Acid Value 5.58 0.14 0.70 %FFA As Oleic 2.81 0.07 0.35 Kinematic visc., 100ºC 7.11 8.13 1.87 Kinematic visc. at 40ºC 34.40 36.33 4.37 %Moisture 0.08 0.03 0.04 Iodine Value 100 100 100 CFPP, C +6 +4 -2 Cloud Point, C +8 +2 +1 Flash Point, C n/a n/a 165 %Total Glycerine n/a n/a 0.16 Carbon Distribution; C6:0 - - C8:0 - - C10:0 - - C12:0 - - C14:0 0.05 0.05 0.41 C16:0 14.45 14.45 14.21 Saturated C18:0 6.54 6.54 6.57 21.2% C18:1 46.14 46.14 46.63 C18:2 32.10 32.10 32..00 Unsaturated C18:3 0.25 0.25 0.14 78.8% OFA 0.47 0.47 0.04