Characterization of Lake Somerville Water Quality
Conditions and Identification of Possible Contributing Sources of Pollution
Joint Project of the Brazos River Authority and
the Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research
Lake Somerville Physical Characteristics
Dam Construction: 1967Conservation Storage: 160,100 acre-feetSurface Area: 11,160 AcreAverage Depth: 4 mMax. Depth nr. Dam: 9 mConclusion: Shallow lake (not prone to persistent summer thermal stratification)
Lake Somerville Watershed
Lake Somerville (Segment 1212)
Relevant Criteria:• 24-hr. Average DO: 5 mg/L • 24-hr. Minimum DO: 3 mg/L• pH Range: 6.5 – 9.0 S.U.
Lake Somerville (Segment 1212) Texas 303(d) List Impaired for:• Depressed DO as of 2008 • High pH levels as of 2002
Concerns for:• Increased chlorophyll-a concentrations• Harmful algal blooms (Cyanobacteria)
Lake Somerville Historical ReviewPendergrass & Hauck (2008) pH Evaluation:• All pH exceedances occurred in summer
months (June – August)• All but one pH exceedance occurred in the
afternoon
Pendergrass, D., and L. Hauck. 2008. Texas pH Evaluation Projecthttp://tiaer.tarleton.edu/pdf/PR0810.pdf
Source: Pendergrass & Hauck (2008)
Lake Somerville Historical ReviewBased on algal data from Roelke et al. (2004):• Spikes in pH above 9.0 and dips below 8.5
correspond with spikes and dips in algal biomass
Roelke, D.L., Y. Buyukates, M. Williams, and J. Jean. 2004. Interannual variability in the seasonal plankton succession of a shallow, warm-water lake. Hydrobiologia 513: 205-218.
Suspected CausesHigh pH – • Removal of inorganic carbon (i.e., dissolved
CO2) through photosynthesis when algal productivity is high
Depressed DO – • Respiration from large populations of algae
Lake SomervilleTCEQ Trophic Classification (2010):• Classified as hypereutrophic based on TSI
for CHLA, Secchi and TP• Mean CHLA Ranked 96th out 100 Reservoirs• CHLA values trending upward
Trophic Classification of Texas Reservoirs 2010 Texas Water Quality Integrated Report for Clean Water Sections 305(b) and 303(d) (Nov. 18, 2011) http://http://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/compliance/monops/water/10twqi/2010_reservoir_narrative.pdf
Water Quality ConditionsHigh algal productivity and historically low dissolved inorganic nutrient levels in Lake
Somerville & Yegua Creek
Lake Somerville at the Dam
Lake Somerville at the Dam
Lake Somerville at the Dam
Lake Somerville at the Dam
Project Objectives1) Identify possible contributing sources of
pollution impairments2) Characterize Lake Somerville water quality
conditions
Objective 1 – External Loadings Identify possible contributing sources of
pollution impairments
• Land use and management inventory• Routine monitoring 10 tributaries• Storm monitoring 2 tributaries
Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS) 2001 National Land Coverage Dataset
Land Use
Land Use & Management
Major Crops• Coastal – hay & grazing• Rangeland – grazing• Some crops – corn, oats,
sorghum
Animal Production• Mainly beef cows
Rangeland - 1 cow/8 to 10 acresPasture – 1 cow/3 acres
Land Use Classification
Percent of Total
Pasture/Hay 35.4Forest 27.4
Rangeland 20.6Wetland 7.4
Developed 5.2Water 1.9
Cultivated Crops 1.8Barren Land 0.3
Source: Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (TPDES)
PermittedDischarges
TributaryMonitoring
Source: Data Collection Initiatives to Address 5b/5c Water Bodies in the Brazos River Basin QAPP
Tributary MonitoringMonthly Monitoring (Jan 2010 – Dec 2011)• Most tributaries intermittent, except Yegua
Creek• Many events pooled or dry
Somerville DamSource: NCDC
* Indicates no pooled samples
MedianValues
* Indicates no pooled samples
MedianValues
Storm Monitoring
Median Concentrations
Location NO3-N (mg/L)
PO4-P (mg/L)
Total P (mg/L)
Birch Creek 0.05 0.02 0.22
Yegua Creek 0.03 0.02 0.10
Birch & Yegua Creeks• 7 Events• Most Jan-Jul 2010
due to relatively dry conditions in 2011
Objective 1 – External LoadingsNo “hot spots” identified
Possible sources for further investigation:• Urban development - Little Big & Brushy
Creeks• Cropland fertilizer use – Cedar Creek• WWTF discharge – Nails & Yegua Creeks
Objective 2 – Algal Growth & Internal Loadings
Characterize Lake Somerville water quality conditions
• Reservoir Monitoring – low-level nutrients
• Potential Sediment Release of P• Limiting Nutrient (N, P or N+P)• Algal Identification
Objective 2 – Algal Growth & Internal Loadings
Monitoring Schedule 2010 & 2011• March• May• June• July• August• September• November
ReservoirMonitoring
Source: Data Collection Initiatives to Address 5b/5c Water Bodies in the Brazos River Basin QAPP
Reservoir Conditions
Surface
Surface
Top &BottomSamples
Top &BottomSamples
Are there water quality implications from Summer DO Stratification – De-stratification Events?
Sediment Analyses
Potential Sediment Release of PP Fractionation –
• Most P bound to Fe and Al rather than Ca• Fe bound P would be released under anoxic
conditions
Preliminary Results P-Fractionation of Sediment
Station ID Collection DateAl bound P
(mg/Kg)Ca Bound P
(mg/Kg)Fe Bound P
(mg/Kg)
11881 5/25/2010 49 <2 21011881 8/24/2010 <2 8 8011881 3/23/2011 138 13 12611881 8/22/2011 105 11 158
16879 5/25/2010 45 <2 26816879 8/24/2010 <2 25 80
20532 5/25/2010 47 <2 26920532 8/24/2010 <2 13 12520532 3/23/2011 130 27 30620532 8/22/2011 98 31 156
Sediment AnalysesImportance: Wind-Driven Suspension
P Sorption – Equilibrium P Concentration (EPCo)
Sediment EPCo > Water Column P(Sediment P may move into the water column)
Sediment EPCo < Water Column P(Water column P may move into the sediment)
Sediment AnalysesP Sorption – Equilibrium P Concentration (EPCo)
Station West Arm
EPCo (mg/L)
Surface PO4-P (mg/L)
Bottom PO4-P (mg/L)
Sediment Source or
Sink
May-10 0.002 0.002 No Data ?
Aug-10 0.003 0.133 No Data Sink
Mar-11 0.027 0.011 0.006 Source
Aug-11 0.052 0.018 No Data Source
Limiting Nutrient Algal AssaysEvaluated -• 3 Reservoir Stations & Yegua Creek• Native Algae & Test Algae (Pseudokirchneriella
subcapitata, formerly Selenastrum capricornutum)
• Maximum Growth Rate Florescence
Limiting Nutrient Algal Assays – Native Algae
Location Month
Maximum Growth RatePrimary Limiting
NutrientSecondary
Limiting Nutrient (if indicated)
2010 2011 2010 2011
Reservoir near dam
Mar P N N PMay N N P PJun P N N PJul N N P PAug N N P PSep N N P PNov N N+P P P
Limiting Nutrient Algal Assays –Native Algae
Station Month
Maximum Growth RatePrimary Limiting
NutrientSecondary
Limiting Nutrient (if indicated)
2010 2010
Yegua Creek
Mar P NMay P NJun P NJul P NAug N+P --Sep P NNov N+P P
Algal IdentificationMajor Divisions:Chlorophyta – greenCyanophyta – blue-greenDiatoms
Objective 2 – Algal Growth & Internal Loadings
• Reservoir monitoring supported conclusion that pH peaks and depressed DO related to algal abundance
• Monitoring top and bottom depths was inconclusive on release of nutrients from bottom sediments with low DO
• Sediment fractionation indicated primarily Al and Fe bound P
Objective 2 – Algal Growth & Internal Loadings
• EPCo indicate sediments at times may be a source of P
• Limiting Nutrient for in-lake algal growth mainly N
• Algal Identification – primarily blue-green algae in summer, but steady population of greens throughout most months
Conclusions – What does this mean?Lake Somerville
• Work in progress – Things still to be investigated• Wind on reservoir stratification• Suspended sediment as P source
• pH , DO, and CHLA were useful response variables to indicate eutrophic conditions, even when nutrients were low
Thank You
Questions?