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1 Copyright © 2018 by Chariot Motors Chariot Ultra Capacitor e-bus
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Copyright © 2018 by Chariot Motors
Chariot Ultra Capacitor e-bus
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The electric buses are going to become the most preferred rolling stock
to be procured by the public operators in Europe within the next couple of
years
All across Europe the capitals and big cities are introducing policies for
promotion and purchase of electric buses.
Several European countries already announced that they will completely
ban the diesel buses on national level and only and electric buses are
going to be purchased.
From the perspective of Total Cost of Ownership the electric buses are
the most economical vehicles for public transportation.
Desire for zero emissions urban transport vehicles
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Chariot Motors together with Aowei Technology have developed the
first ever ultracapacitors electric bus (Chariot e-bus) to be used for
commercial operation in Europe.
Chariot e-bus is purely ultracapacitor (UC) based city e-bus that deploys
the latest electric drive and world’s most advanced ultracapacitor
technology by Aowei. Chariot e-bus is assembled at a special high quality
production line at one of the world’s biggest bus factories, Higer bus
factory, with more than 17,000 hybrid & electric buses produced per year.
Chariot e-bus is a silent, low-cost vehicle with zero-emissions, which
complies with the European homologation certifications, the strict market
requirements in EU, including the ECE R100 standard for energy storage
devices.
About the company
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Chariot Motors’ supply chain
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5 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by GSP Belgrade since 1st Sep 2016.
Chariot electric buses on the map
26 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by DAN, Tel Aviv as per the end of 2017 with another 100 UC buses agreed to be delivered in 2018 & 2019
2 UC Chariot e-buses in operation by Holding Graz Linien, Austria since April 2017
1 UC e-bus in operation in Macedonia as a pilot project since April 2018
1 UC e-bus in operation in Italy since March 2018
Bulgaria, various cities
1 UC e-bus in operation in Bulgaria as a pilot project in 2014-2016
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Graz, Austria
There are 2 ultracapacitors e-buses in pilot operation since April 2017 • The UC e-buses performance has been evaluated with a grade 1.7 (1 is best, 5 is worst)
• 91% acceptance by the passengers
Belgrade, Serbia
5 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016: • operational schedule from 5:30 o’clock until 23:00 o’clock, 7days per week;
• operation in the temperature range from -14°C in winter up to 40°C during the summer;
• availability of the ultracapacitor electric bus line over one calendar year of 97.5%.
Tel Aviv, Israel
26 ultracapacitors e-buses are in commercial operation since Sep 2016. • The e-buses have proven robust operation in the Israeli high-tech environment.
• another 100 UC e-buses are singed in Oct 2017 and will be delivered in 2018 & 2019.
Sofia, Bulgaria • One pilot e-bus has been in pilot operation for 1.5 years.
• As a result from the successful pilot Sofia is announcing a tender for 30 fast charging
ebuses
Results from the UC e-buses operation in the quoted cities
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Supercapacitor electric bus – general view
Supercapacitor location
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General UC e-bus components
Wheel hub electric motors Central electric motor
DC electric heating 18 m UC e-bus
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• Operated and maintained by the Sofia trolleybus company;
• line № 11 (trolleybus line);
• line length of 11.2 km, crossing;
• DC/DC charging stations at terminals only, using trolleybus power supply;
• Siemens electric motors, 2 x 67 kW
Examples of electric buses operated by trolleybus operators – UC Chariot e-bus, Sofia example, 2014
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Charging station + pantograph
Charging poles Charging station, 660V DC to 585V DC
Ultracapacitor Pantograph during charging
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• capable of travelling about 25 km – 30 km on a single
charge performed for 2 - 5 minutes at the terminal, based
on the 40 kWh UC, 470 A charging current;
• charging at terminal(s) only and not on passengers stops;
• economical means of transportation with proved average consumption of about 1.1 kWh/km including AC;
• low maintenance cost due to the lack of expensive-to-
maintain combustion engine vehicles systems;
• does not require overhead power line, thus avoiding
infrastructure and maintenance costs;
• not influenced by outside temperatures and capable of
operating with ease in various weather conditions;
• passengers load of a regular trolleybus / diesel bus.
Key Chariot UC е-bus features
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Technological and operational advantages of ultracapacitors compared to the batteries
• Aowei’s ultracapacitors accumulated more than 11 years / 12 million km of experience and used in electric buses since 2006 being the most matured energy technology used in for electric buses;
• average energy recuperation rate of the ultracapacitor is 32.2%, reaching up to 39%;
• ultracapacitor is mounted in a safety container preventing risks in case of accident;
• Operational temperatures form -30°C to +60°C;
• The UC contains no harmful or toxic substances leading to no pollution of hazardous disposal at no extra disposal cost;
• no energy storage replacement-related costs;
• Charging factor is 10C
• less powerful charging infrastructure compared to batteries;
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Comparison between UC and fast charging batteries Ultracapacitor Fast charging batteries
Performance • Excellent in broader temperature
range. About 20% better
performing than fast recharge
battery.
• More sensitive operation in
broader temperature range
Safety • Excellent with explosive proof
tank.
• Good, but there is the
possibility of fire.
Recuperation • As per Belicon institute study the
average recuperation is 32.2%
reaching up to 39%.
• lower recuperation levels, thus
higher electricity consumption
Charging time
Charging factor
• About 3 minutes as UC could
afford 10C
• About 5 minutes
• LTO battery could afford 4C
charging, LpCO could afford 3C
charging
Lifetime
Warranty
• Manufacturing warranty of 8 years
that could be extended to 10 years
• Replacement after 5-7 years of
operation.
• Manufacturing warranty is 5
years.
Disposal • No toxic /hazardous substances • More demanding disposal costs
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Results from an independent validation by BELICON Chariot e-bus performance
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Charging Stations
150 kW DC/DC
340 kW AC/DC
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One charging station – different type of electric buses
Charging Charging
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Central Report Unit
IT / Data
Alarm
announcement
Performance
Wi Fi / GPRS
Control Center
Commands to the bus
Workshop
Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus and charging stations
GPRS
Chariot e-bus is equipped with remote monitoring and diagnostic system that monitors:
energy consumption of all systems (electric, air conditioning, on-board electronics, etc.), and recuperation values;
state and errors of all systems (brakes, doors, suspension, GPS, etc.);
passenger load, speed, acceleration, location, driver behavior.
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Remote monitoring and diagnostic system for e-bus
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The Belgrade’s Project
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UC e-buses operational characteristic
1 EKO line 5 E-buses in the operation
Total length of route [km]
driving time [min]
charging
time[min]
time of turnround
[min]
interval
[min]
Operational
daily shift
[hours]
offered capacity (places/
hour)
Outside operational temperature
16,4 34 5-10 88 17-18 18.5 289 -14C to 35C
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Consumption electricity per km on 2nd Sep 2016 (30 Co), AC-on
7
10
8 7
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
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0.7-0.85 0.85-1 1-1.15 1.15-1.30 1.3-1.45
SA
MP
LE
kWh/km
Distribution of consumption electricity per kilometer Direction ''A'' Vukov spomenik- Belvil 2.9.2016
Terminal SOC % Terminal SOC % kWh/km
Belvil 97 Vuk 56 0.95
Vuk 97 Belvil 67 0.77
Belvil 99 Vuk 52 1.09
Vuk 97 Belvil 65 0.82
Belvil 99 Vuk 51 1.12
Vuk 95 Belvil 62 0.85
Belvil 97 Vuk 36 1.42
Vuk 97 Belvil 50 1.21
Belvil 99 Vuk 43 1.30
Vuk 99 Belvil 52 1.21
Belvil 100 Vuk 41 1.37
Vuk 97 Belvil 50 1.21
Belvil 100 Vuk 40 1.40
Vuk 98 Belvil 50 1.23
Belvil 95 Vuk 41 1.26
Vuk 97 Belvil 56 1.05
Belvil 99 Vuk 46 1.23
Vuk 85 Belvil 51 0.87
Belvil 100 Vuk 43 1.33
Average 1.14
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Profitability of invested assets after
6 years of operation
Type of Bus
Chariot E-bus Diesel
bus
Annual mileage (km) 80,000
Consumption of electric power (kWh/100 km) 106 -
Price of electric power ( Euro/kWh) 0.07 -
Consumption of diesel fuel (l / 100 km) - 44
Price of diesel fuel (Euro/l) - 1.17
Total cost of energy (Euro) 6,944 45,115
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Total cost of ownership of Chariot e-Bus. Benchmark on the purchase of eight vehicles.
Total cost of ownership over 12 years operation of Chariot e-bus compared to other alternatives such diesel buses, CNG buses and trolleybus.
(trolleybuses require grid infrastructure)
(trolleybuses do not require grid infrastructure)
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Effects:
• Zero emissions by e-buses at the micro location
• Lower level emitted noise of 12-17 dB
• High energy efficiency, 80% lower, compared to diesel-powered buses.
• Unsurpassed availability of the UC e-bus fleet of 99,2%;
• Regular operation at -14 C degrees during the winter time
• Daily operation of the buses in Belgrade is from 5:00 am till 24:00 o’clock.
• Excellently accepted by the passengers
• City government is about to take a decision to turn the city center into
zero emission zone through electric public transportation,
decommissioning trolleybuses network and diesel buses with a main focus on the electric buses.
• Based on the success of operation of the electric bus project the City
government is considering to opt on further implementation of electric
buses.
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The Graz Project (Austria)
Chariot e-bus was selected for 1 year trial
due to the UC compliance with 2 minutes
charging time criteria;
Delivery of 2 UC Chariot e-buses, 32kWh;
Start of operation in mid April 2017;
340 kW charging stations;
3-door city bus;
Charging time for covering the line is 3 min
ZF wheel hubs electromotors
Line 50 in Graz
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Satisfaction of the drivers
1 = excellent; 2 = very good, Average is 1.75
2,5
General bus
assessment
Doors Air
conditioning /
ventilation
Handling Driver’s
seat Fan noise
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Survey of passengers, (excerpt)
Is it a personal contribution to the environmental
improvement when using an electric bus?
Question 6: For you personally, do you think that you are helping to improve the
environment if you drive an electric bus?
The absolute majority
believes that it helps to improve the environment
when traveling with an
electric bus!
Total
male
female
Line 50
Yes No
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Survey of passengers (excerpt)
Are electric buses a future alternative for public transport?
Question 7: Do you think that electric buses are the future alternative to fuel-powered buses in public transport? Basis: 500, closed questionings
Total
male
female
Line 50
The younger, the more you
believe in electric buses as
an alternative
The electric buses seem to be the future for passengers
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Tel Aviv Project (Israel)
Delivery of 5 UC Chariot e-buses;
Start of operation on 15th Sep 2016;
UC e-buses are very well accepted by the operator, the passengers and the city government.
The line has a total length of 15 kilometers and a total of 32 bus-stops.
The line operates 14 hours per day;
Robustness of operation in the other temperature range in warm weather conditions typical for the middle east region.
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Tel Aviv Project (Israel)
The first year of operation of the 5 UC Chariot e-buses was considered as a big success by Tel Aviv municipality;
As a result another 21 UC e-buses were manufactured in 2017 and will be put into operation in Tel Aviv in October 2017.
Government confirmed that will further support the implementation of the ultracapacitor electric buses through purchase of another 100 UCs ebuses in 2018
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La Spezia (Italy)
One UC e-bus will be operated by the bus & trolleybus operator ATC in La Spezia
Start of operation on March 2018;
1 fast charging station of 340 kW
16 km bus line
First electric bus in La Spezia;
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• Pilot project for 6 months
• Operated and maintained by the JSP Skopje;
• line № 15
• line length of 10 km,
• charging stations at terminals only,
• Siemens electric motors, 2 x 67 kW
Skopje, Macedonia
