CHARLES CORNWALLISOTHERWISE KNOWN AS LORD CORNWALLIS, 1ST MARQUESS AND 2ND EARL CORNWALLIS, VISCOUNT BROME, OR BARON CORNWALLLIS OF EYE

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

• December 31, 1738: born in London

• Education: Eton, Clare College

• Military official 1761-death

• Important political leader 1770-death

• October 5, 1805: died in Ghazupir, India (Uttar

Pradesh) – governor general

Inscription on the monument of Charles Cornwallis in Westminster Abbey

MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT

• Joined the army after graduating college

• Known to the public as independent and honorable

• Campaign in Germany – lieutenant-colonel in 12th Foot – 1761

• Colonel in 33rd Foot – 1766

• Inherited rank of Earl and estates from his father – 1762

• Governor of Tower of London - 1770

• Major-general in American Revolution

• Order of the Garter – 1786

• Governor-general of India – 1786

• Defeated Tippoo Sahib in India – 1792

• Master-general of the Ordnance – 1795

• Viceroy of Ireland – 1798

• Governor-general of India for a 2nd time – 1805

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• Opposed policies against colonies that led to Revolutionary War

• Became major-general during American Revolution despite personal beliefs

• Drove George Washington’s forces out of New Jersey – 1776

• Victory over General Horatio Gates – South Carolina, 1780

• Established base at seaport of Yorktown • trapped by American and French army by land and French navy at sea• Surrendered his army

• Never lost esteem in Britain

RESOURCES“Charles Cornwallis, first Marquis and second Earl Cornwallis (1738-1805),” A Web of

English History, accessed October 19, 2014, http://www.historyhome.co.uk/people/cornwall.htm.

“Valley Forge Cornwallis,” Literary and Cultural Heritage Map of Pennsylvania, accessed October 20, 2014, http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/ValleyForgeCornwallis.jpg.

“Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl Cormwallis,” Britannica School, accessed October 25, 2014, http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/26364.

“Charles Cornwallis,” NNDB, accessed October 18, 2014, http://www.nndb.com/people/922/000049775/.

“Surrender of the British General Cornwallis to the Americans, October 19, 1781,” The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, accessed October 26, 2014,

http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/war-for- independence/resources/surrender-british-general-cornwallis-americans- october .

“British Titles and Orders of Precedence,” Edwardian Promenade, accessed October 26, 2014. http://www.edwardianpromenade.com/resources/titles-and-orders-

of-precedence/