Charles Lincoln Clayton - God, Evolution and Mind Healing (1923)

7/30/2019 Charles Lincoln Clayton - God, Evolution and Mind Healing (1923)

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HEALING

ByCHARLES LINCOLN CLAYTONAuthor of "Divine Intelligence in the Sciences," etc.

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1923


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CONTENTSCHAPTER PACKINTRODUCTORY 5

I. INTELLIGENT PRODUCTIONS 12II. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN INVENTION ANDMANUFACTURE 26

III. CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN ANATOMY . . 32IV. CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN KMBRYOLOGY . 50V. CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN PHYSIOLOGY . 82VI. FURTHER ILLUSTRATION OF CREATIVE INTEL-

LIGENCE IN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY . 89VII. RELATION OF CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE TOORGANIC BODIES 104VIII. EVOLUTION 112IX. CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN INSTINCT . . 136X. MIND HEALING 149XI. MODELS FOR ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ANDDIVINE PRODUCTIONS 180XII. How MAN Is FORMED, SUSTAINED AND

GUIDED BY DIVINE INTELLIGENCE . . . 187


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COPYRIGHT 1923BYCHARLES LINCOLN CLAYTON

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America.


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INTRODUCTORY/"lpHK manner of delivering- an important-- message is not so important as the contentsof the message itself. Any imperfection in themanner of presenting the subject treated inthe following pages will, perhaps, be atonedfor by the importance of the truth -which thewriter has endeavored to convey. The hopeis entertained that the main points of the sub-ject have been presented with sufficient clear-ness for the reader immediately to grasp them,and in the end to completely understand themessage intended.The points to which attention is especiallycalled are the shape and substance (tissue) ofthe organs and bodies of organic beings. Thequestion is put, AVhat is the force which pro-duces the particular shape and deposits theparticular tissue of organs, in embryonic for-mation, and in evolutionary development whensuch occurs? The attention of scientists,philosophers and thinkers of every class isrespectfully invited to this question.The answer to this question herein givenis an intelligent creative force. The claim isput forth that the particular shape of eachorgan is produced, and its particular tissuedeposited, in its embryonic formation, and in


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6 Introductoryits evolutionary development into a differentorgan if such occurs, by an intelligent creativeforce, which we know as God.

It is maintained that this is the only answerto the question propounded that will standevery test of science, philosophy or religion.This answer includes every factor and accountsfor every phenomenon in the formation anddevelopment of organic beings. It includesevery possible requirement of a correct answerto the question. There are no "unknown fac-tors," no uncertainties, in the theory of crea-tion and evolution embodied in this answer, asthere are in any theory of creation and evolu-tion that does not recognize an intelligent crea-tive force as their principal and dominatingfactor. No other answer to the question pro-pounded can or will ever be found.The first aim of this treatise is to presentthe evidences of God in science not all thoseevidences, perhaps, but enough of them to im-plant themselves in the mind of the readerbeyond eradication. There is a crying demandfor evidences of God and religious truth thataccord with science, and that appeal to theanalytical powers of the mind with all thedirectness and force of the facts and truths ofmathematics. In this age of religious andscientific discussion, the advocate of religionshould be informed as to the relation whichscience bears to religion, and should know that


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Introductory 1science, when correctly understood and inter-preted, proclaims in stentorian tones the truthof religion.Especially should the scientific education ofthe young fortify their minds against agnos-ticism and atheism, which blight and blast thehigher and finer faculties of the mind and heart,as the frosts and snows of winter chill andfreeze the flowers of early spring. My ideahas been herein to present facts or principlesof science which may be safely inculcated inthe minds of the young, without the possibilityof those facts or principles being disproved oroverthrown by future scientific progress anddiscovery.AVhile all should avail themselves of theteachings of the seers and prophets of old con-cerning the divine being, yet each may perceivethe Creator in science and nature directly forhimself. If the direct perception and con-sciousness of an intelligent creative and sus-taining power are not obtained on the firstreading of the treatise, further attention andrereading will, without doubt, result in thatdelightful consummation.To procure a knowledge of Arithmetic orGrammar, those subjects are studied. Theirprinciples and definitions are committed tomemory. Those principles and definitions areoften not understood at the time they are com-mitted; but, when they have been acquired by


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8 Introductorythe memory, the mind naturally hovers overthem and dwells upon them, and later per-ceives their correctness and truth.In acquiring" an education, the averagestudent commits principles and definitions tomemory at twelve years of age, which he doesnot fully understand until he is sixteen oreighteen, or perhaps older.Memorizing is an infallible method of con-centrating the mind upon the thing memorized ;and it is only by concentrating the mind thatwe make great intellectual progress. The mindmay sometimes, indeed, in a propitious mo-ment, be so concentrated as to perceive somegreat and valuable truth instantly, without thenecessity of preliminary study or memorizing;but the concentration of mind by which mosteducation is acquired is secured by first memo-rizing the fundamental principles and defini-tions of the subject.To arrive at the perception of an intelligentcreative and sustaining force in nature andscience, the same method is recommended asis followed in education in any line. The prin-ciples of adaptation, which are explained infull in chapters II and III, may first be com-mitted to memory, as follows :The principles of adaptation are substanceto use, shape to use, and the shape of a partto the shape of an adjacent part.After thoroly committing the preceding


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Introductory 9sentence to memory, observe how every toolor instrument with which you daily come incontact, even to the knives, forks and spoonswith which you eat, illustrate, as explained inchapter II, the first two or all these kinds ofadaptation.After becoming- familiar with adaptation inthings that you daily handle, then observe thesame adaptation in the teeth, hoofs and clawsof animals ; then in the more internal organs,as the bloodvessels, bones, eye, etc.Thus, sooner or later, the indisputable truthof adaptation will permeate your mind aspowerfully and as convincingly as any arith-metical or grammatical principle you everlearned; and you will see, since adaptation intools and instruments can be produced onlyby human intelligence, so, in the organs men-tioned, it can be produced only by creativeintelligence.Since the adaptation of the substances of or-gans to their uses, of their shapes to their uses,etc., is deemed infallible evidence of God in sci-ence; and since the phrases "substance to use,""shape to use," etc., are foundation principlesand cornerstones of the theory of creation andevolution herein presented, those phrases areembodied in bold face type to indicate theirrelative importance. Other relatively impor-tant words or statements also stand in boldface in other portions of the book.


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10 IntroductoryGenerally speaking-, it is, of course, to bepresumed, that the more a subject is studied,the more benefit will be received. Practically

all of chapters II and III, as well as other partsof the book, may be committed with additionalbenefit. Indeed, the more the present subjectis studied, the more inspiring- will be the viewinto the beauties and glories of the Universe.\Vhile nothing will take the place of privateor individual thought and study, this book isalso designed for class use in institutions oflearning. Also, -where two or more in a com-munity are disposed to pursue the subject,clubs or classes for its study and discussionwill result in mutual benefit.Near the latter part of the treatise will befound Models for Analysis of Human andDivine Productions. Analyzing objects accord-ing to the Models there given will also provebeneficial.The creative intelligence which is pointedout in the ensuing pages, and which operatesin the formation, sustenance and developmentof the body, is also connected with the mind.An extended discussion of creative mind inPsychology is not within the province of thepresent treatise. Most that is said on this pointis contained in chapters X and XII. However,a few words on this topic, in addition to whatis said in the context, will not be out of placehere.


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Introductory 11Recent writers on Psychology mention thedual nature of the mind. Some of them evenhold that man has two separate minds. Thesetwo minds, or two kinds of mind, are desig-nated respectively as the conscious mind andthe subconscious mind, or as the objective andthe subjective.The objective mind, psychologists say, isthat which we see ordinarily manifested inman, consisting of his five senses, his powerto reason, his will, etc.The subjective mind they describe as "uni-versal" mind; as "a spark from the divine";and as "possessing all the potentialities ofGod."It is evident, therefore, that in dealing withwhat they usually term subconscious or sub-

jective mind, psychologists are dealing withcreative or divine mind, which is manifest, notonly in the body, but also in the mind of man.The terms mortal and immortal are alsoused by some to distinguish between the twominds, or two kinds of mind, that are mani-fested in man ; while the terms human anddivine are also often used in the same sense.This difference in terms or classificationdoes not necessarily indicate any irreconcilabledifference between students of mind. The dif-ference between the latter consists principallyin the difference of language used by them indescribing the same truths. C. L. C.


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INTELLIGENT PRODUCTIONSA~TVHE forces of gravitation, chemical attrac--* tion, electricity, etc., have been familiar tomankind for decades or centuries.There is another force which operatesaround us, which is greater and more wonder-ful than either of the forces named. I alludeto the intelligent creative and sustaining forcewhich has been recognized more or less clearlyby mankind for thousands of years, as the crea-tive and sustaining power of the world.This force was clearly perceived as the for-mative power of animals and plants by theancient writer who penned the immortal state-ment that God formed the fishes of the sea,the fowls of the air, the beasts and plants of thefield, and latterly man. This force is especiallymanifest in the animal and vegetable kingdoms.AVe prove the existence and operation of thisintelligent creative and sustaining1 force by theintelligent productions which it creates andsustains.When we say that an object that has beenproduced either by man or by a hig-her intelli-gence, is an intelligent production, we do notmean that the object itself necessarily possesses12


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Intelligent Productions 13intelligence, but that it bears in itself and uponitself the evidence that it has been producedby an intelligent being.Animal and vegetable organs and bodies areintelligent productions. While divine intelli-gent power is undoubtedly displayed elsewherein the world besides in animal and vegetable

bodies, as, for example, in the mind and heartof man; it is the special purpose and provinceof this treatise to show that plants and animals,as God's creatures, are especially rich in evi-dences of such a power.If a Supreme Ruler actually forms and sus-tains animals and plants, and governs and con-trols the affairs of men and of the Universe,he must in some manner come in contact withthem. No other way of forming and control-ling things than by contact is conceivable."We do not know just how gravitation comesin contact with objects it controls. We do notknow just how it passes thru space from alarger to a smaller body and takes hold of theparticles of the latter, but we know that it doesso, by the action it produces in the smallerbody.So, v/hile we may not be able completely todescribe just how the intelligent creative forcecomes in contact with the things it creates andsustains, we may and do positively know thatcontact takes place between this force and itsproductions.


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14 God, Evolution and Mind HealingThe old religious tenet that an intelligentCreator formed animals and plants is abso-

lutely and literally true. Any theory or doc-trine which does not recog^nize an intelligentcreative force as the dominating force and fac-tor in the formation and development of ani-mals and plants, runs counter to the truth, andmust, therefore, ultimately fail.AVhether the Creator made the variousspecies of animals and plants in the begin-ning as we now see them, or whether hedeveloped them from other species; in eithercase, the animal and plant body bears withinitself indisputable evidence that it is the prod-uct of an intelligent creative force, and in eithercase the inspiring truth that all living beingsare created and sustained by an intelligentcreative and sustaining power, is ours.The intelligent force which creates livingbeings, is, as a matter of course, the sameforce which sustains them. When, therefore,but one of the adjectives "creative" and "sus-taining" is herein used in referring to thatforce, the other may be understood.\Vhile we may profit by the teachings ofthe sages and prophets of old in regard to thedivine, we may also perceive the intelligentcreative and sustaining power which is dis-played in the animal and vegetable kingdomsfirst hand for ourselves, and thus come in per-sonal touch and relation with that power.


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! Intelligent Productions 15| Some perceive the creative intelligenceI which is displayed in animal and vegetableI] organs and bodies with comparative readiness,.1 while to others this truth comes more slowly.\l As illustrating how the perception and con-I sciousness of the divine intelligence which isjj displayed in nature sometimes come to people,an elderly Scotchman of my acquaintance toldme how this perception and consciousness firstcame to him.He said he happened to be looking at aflower, and was observing its different parts.He thought of how the ovary and pollen of theflower were made for one another; how the

pollen must come in contact with the ovaryto fertilize it, or to develop it into fruit. Hesaid the thought or query came to him, "Is itpossible there is mind in that thing?"From that moment on the thought grewwith him. Nature took on a new meaning;and for the remainder of his life he was sus-tained and inspired by the direct and personalknowledge that an intelligent creative and sus-taining power exists and operates in everymember of the animal and vegetable kingdoms.While the perception and consciousness ofthis power doubtless come to some thus readilyand easily, it is to be presumed they do notcome to the majority of people without someeffort. The writer's own experience on thissubject leads him to the latter conclusion.2 Aug". 23


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16 God, Evolution and Mind HealingIn view of the fact that it is necessary fomost people to make an effort in acquiring fothemselves the great truth that an intelligentcreative force operates in the formation andsustenance of animal and vegetable organs andbodies, a course of thought or study of thesubject is here presented, which, if pursuedwith ordinary diligence, will, the reader iassured, reveal that truth, as certainly as thestudy of language or mathematics reveals ittruths and principles.By carefully considering the qualities of ani-mal and vegetable organs and bodies, with asincere desire to perceive the creative intelligence which is manifested in them, one mayfeel assured of catching at least a glimpse ofthis great truth, -which in time will blossominto a fuller perception and a richer conscious-ness of the divine intelligence and power thatthrobs thruout the physical and spiritual Uni-verse.If those who doubt the existence of an in

telligent creative power would spend the timein the earnest endeavor to perceive it that ioften spent in indifference or denial of its truth,their assent to its existence would be morereadily obtained.So, also, if religious people -would supple-ment their religious knowledge by discoveringfor themselves this power as revealed in natureor science, their religious faith would not only


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Intelligent Productions 17be broadened and strengthened, but they wouldextend more hearty aid and welcome to scien-tific progress.Thus the seeming conflict between religionand science would be at an end. There is noconflict between true religion and true science.Any seeming conflict is due to the imperfectknowledge and understanding of parties to thecontroversy.An intelligent production is an intelligentarrangement of matter; and now let us morefully observe the qualities of an intelligentproduction, or an intelligent arrangement ofmatter, both in human productions and in theso-called works of nature.A/Vhen any material object or substance iscarelessly or aimlessly deposited or thrownaround, it is not intelligently arranged. Butwhen the same object or substance is so placedor deposited that it serves a definite and use-ful purpose, it becomes an intelligent arrange-ment of matter.

Illustrations :When ashes is cast away or aimlesslystrewn upon the ground, it is not intelligentlyarranged; but when it is banked against thefoundation of a building for the purpose ofkeeping out wind or water, it is an intelligentarrangement of matter.A stick of "wood lying aimlessly upon the


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18 God, Evolution and Mind Healingground or in the roadway, is not intelligentlyplaced or arranged ; but when, the same stickbecomes a post in a fence or a brace in a build-ing", such an arrangement of the stick is anintelligent arrangement of matter.Mud which is deposited at the bottom of adrainage canal, damming its current and caus-ing the canal to overflow its banks, is not anintelligent arrangement of matter; but whenthis mud is dredged by man from the bottomof the canal, and arranged along its banks soas to heighten them and prevent the overflowof the canal, it is an intelligent arrangementof matter.The miscellaneous pieces of lumber that areto constitute a house, each occupying such aposition in a pile of lumber that it serves nodefinite or useful purpose, are not intelligentlyarranged in the pile; but when these pieces oflumber are arranged into the form of a house,they are each an intelligent arrangement ofmatter.The arrangement of each floor joist so asto support the floor of the house above theground, and maintain the floor in a level posi-tion for the repose of furniture and for thecomfort and convenience of the occupants ofthe house, is an intelligent arrangement ofmatter.The erection of each upright or stud for sup-porting the plastering and weather-boarding


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Intelligent Productions 19of the house, is an intelligent arrangement ofmatter.The fastening of each piece of weather-boarding or siding against these uprights forthe purpose of protecting the plaster and otherinterior parts of the house from the weather,

is an intelligent arrangement of matter.Each shingle placed at a downward slope soas to direct the rainfall to the outer parts oreaves of the house, is an intelligent arrange-ment of matter.Every possible separate part or piece of lum-ber about the house is placed and secured inits position to serve some special and usefulpurpose, and is, therefore, when so placed andsecured, an intelligent arrangement of matter."We also speak of the house itself as an in-telligent arrangement of matter, or an intelli-gent production, because, as a whole, it servesthe general or final purpose of protecting orsheltering its occupants.When iron or steel teeth are arranged closeenough to one another in a mill to crush andgrind grain for food, they are intelligentlyarranged; and the box or hopper which isarranged above them to contain the grainwhich they grind, is also an intelligent arrange-ment of matter.

So, when we find the teeth arranged in sucha manner in the mouth that they will masticatefood; the lower incisor teeth meeting the upper


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20 God, Evolution and Mind Healingincisors, so as to cut and sever food, and theprotrusions on the molar teeth fitting" into de-pressions in other molars, so as to crush andgrind food, we also have an intelligent arrange-ment of matter.\Vhen we see a tube or spout at the bottomof the hopper in which grain is ground, werecognize that the tube is attached to thehopper for the purpose of conducting the mealfrom the latter. Such an attachment of thetube is a further intelligent arrangement ofmatter.Likewise, when we find a tube the esoph-agus attached to the rear part of the mouth,which receives and transmits the contents ofthe mouth as rapidly as those contents arecrushed and ground by the teeth, we cannotescape the conclusion that the esophagus isattached to the rear end of the mouth for thepurpose of receiving and transmitting its con-tents. Thus, the arrangement of the esoph-agus at the rear of the mouth and behind theteeth is an intelligent arrangement of matter.The esophagus is superior as a transmittingtube to the tube which is attached to the hop-per, because the esophagus possesses withinitself the power of acting and forcing its owncontents thru it. "When food enters the esoph-agus from the mouth, the esophagus contractsor closes immediately behind the food thruoutits length, or from above downward, and thus


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Intelligent Productions 21carries the food thru it more effectively thanif the esophagus did not possess the power ofcontracting behind the food.The tube which is attached to the hopperdoes not possess the power of transmitting anddischarging its own contents, but must be soplaced that gravitation will carry its contentsthru it; while the esophagus possesses thepower itself of transmitting and dischargingits own contents.Kven more intelligence is displayed, there-fore, in attaching a tube of such superior quali-ties as the esophagus possesses to the mouth,than in attaching a tube to the hopper -whichcannot transmit and discharge its contentswithout the aid of gravitation.At the outer end of the tube which is at-tached to the hopper, a sack or other receptacle

is placed for the purpose of catching the meal.This is a further intelligent arrangement ofmatter, because it is desirable and necessaryto save the output of the mill. It is more in-telligent to save the output of the mill in areceptacle than to let it run to waste upon theground.At the lower end of the esophagus, which re-ceives and transmits the food from the mouth,is attached a sack or receptacle for the foodthe stomach.Trie arrangement of the stomach in this posi-tion is equally intelligent -with the arrangement


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22 God, Evolution and Mind Healingof the sack at the outer end of the tube leadingfrom the hopper, if not more intelligent; forthe stomach not only receives the output ofmasticated food thru the esophagus from themouth, but the stomach is peculiarly fitted bythe gastric juice for further dealing with themasticated food. On entering the stomach,the masticated food is transformed by thegastric juice into health and strength.Thus we find that the mouth, teeth, esoph-agus and stomach are even more intelligentlyarranged than the hopper, teeth, tube and sackof the mill; and if intelligence is necessary toarranging the latter in the position they occupyto one another, then surely, also, is intelligencenecessary to so arranging the former.AVhen we attach a hose to a faucet orhydrant for conducting water to the lawn orgarden, we arrange the hose intelligently; butif we should attach it where there is no watersupply, such an attachment or arrangement ofthe hose would not be an intelligent arrange-ment of matter.

So, when we find hose, in the form of arteriesand veins, in connection with the fluid or bloodsupply of the heart, and conducting the bloodpumped into them by the heart to and from thevarious organs, we have an arraiigemnt ofmatter similarly intelligent to the arrangementof the hose in connection with the faucet orhydrant.


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Intelligent Productions 23Further intelligent arrangement o matterin the body is seen in the intelligent arrange-

ment of the hands with reference to the mouth.In order that the mouth, esophagus and stom-ach may be used for maintaining health andstrength, there must be some means of placingfood in the mouth and between the teeth, simi-larly as grain must be placed in the hopper tobe ground. Observe that the hands are placedat the correct distance from the mouth to servethe purpose of putting food in the mouth. Notonly this, but the fingers and thumb are soarranged in apposition to each other on thehand as to enable it to grasp and hold all formsand objects of food.

Still further intelligent arrangement of mat-ter among the bodily organs, is that of the eyes,with reference to the hands and mouth. Foodmust be seen before it can be reached by thehands and placed in the mouth. A/Vithout hereentering into a description of the intelligentand wonderful arrangement of matter in thecrystalline lens of the eye and other organs ofthe body, let us merely observe the positionand usefulness of the eyes in relation to thehands and mouth. Not only would the useful-ness of the hands, mouth and other organs bemuch hindered without the eyes ; but if the eyeswere posteriorly instead of anteriorly placed,their own usefulness and the usefulness ofother organs would be much impaired.


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24 God, Evolution and Mind HealingThen we have the lower limbs, which are soarranged as to co-operate with each other in

walking" forward to food and other objects, asthe eyes direct; and every other part of thebody is intelligently arranged in connectionwith other parts, all taken together forming acomplete machine for maintaining life andhealth.\Vherever, either in art or nature, we find an.

intelligent arrangement of matter, there mindmust have operated; and if, as we have found,the various organs of the body are intelligentlyarranged, then they must have been soarranged by an intelligent creative force.From the intelligent results -which we per-ceive in the formation and arrangement oforgans, we are compelled to conclude, eitherthat an intelligent being endowed matter in thebeginning with the power to assume intelligentforms thruout time without any further direc-tion and assistance, or that intelligent formsare produced by the immediate action andsupervision of an intelligent creative force.Indeed, not a few people are inclined to theview that the Creator endowed matter in thebeginning with some force, by which mattercontinues to assume intelligent forms in thecreation of animals and vegetables, without theimmediate presence and supervision of creativeintelligence.The principal objection to this view is, that it


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Intelligent Productions 25leaves the Creator -with little or nothing to doafter he created the world. There seems to beno good reason for thus retiring the Creatorfrom active participation in the affairs of theworld. If an intelligent being created theworld to begin with, it is likely he takes suf-ficient interest in it to busy himself with it, andto come in as close contact with it at all timesas when he created it.

But, suppose the view just stated were thecorrect one. It is, after all, only equivalent tosaying that the Creator forms animals andplants in an indirect way, rather than in thedirect way of immediate contact with and con-trol over matter, in forming, sustaining anddeveloping animals and plants. And while thisview is, perhaps, not so inspiring as the beliefthat the divine power is at all times everywherepresent and active in the Universe, it is infin-itely superior to the materialistic view, whichdestroys all human hope, and which condemnsman to final and utter annihilation.


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IIHUMAN INTELLIGENCE ININVENTION AND MANUFACTURE^|

AHE reader may now have caught a glimpse-*- of the creative intelligence which is dis-played in the arrangement of the variousorgans of the body.In order, however, to obtain a fuller percep-tion and a deeper insight into the creative intel-

ligence which operates in nature, let us furtherconsider intelligent productions, and proceedto analyze them more completely.In further analyzing intelligent productions,such as human implements and animal bodies,attention is especially called to the use, sub-stance, and shape of such objects, or of theirparts, when they consist of parts.How, for example, does man display intelli-gence or design in making a simple iron poker ?The use of the poker is to poke the fire.Man's intelligence is displayed in the selec-tion of the kind of substance, as iron, out ofwhich he forms the poker, and in the shape hegives that substance in the manufacture of thepoker.If the substance of the poker were inflam-mable or easily broken ; or if its shape were26


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Invention and Manufacture 27globular instead of oblong-, so that it would notpass between the coals and the grates, it wouldnot perform the use of poking the fire, and nointelligence would be displayed either in itssubstance or shape.But, in a poker of any use and value, there isa suitability or adaptation of the substance ofthe poker to its use, and of its shape to its use;and thus intelligence is displayed in its forma-tion.Let us next analyze a hoe, for the purpose ofseeing how intelligence enters into its con-struction.A hoe consists of two parts; the blade andthe handle.The use of the blade of the hoe is to cut nox-ious vegetation and to enter and stir theground.To perform such a use, the blade must pos-sess a hard, resisting substance, such as steel,and a sharp, thin shape. Man displays his in-telligence, in constructing the blade, by choos-ing such a substance for its construction, andby giving that substance a thin, sharp shape, sothat it will cut useless vegetation and enter andstir the soil.The use of the hoe handle is, to be graspedby the hands and to drive the blade of the hoethru noxious plants and into the ground, bythe muscular force exerted thru the handle.To perform such a use, the substance of the


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28 God, Evolution and Mind Healinghandle must be light enough to be comfortablylifted, and yet strong enough to withstand theforce applied to it for the purpose of strikingwith the blade, such as wood; and the shape ofthe handle must be slender enough to begrasped by the hands, and yet long enough toextend in an oblique direction from the groundto the hands. Man displays his intelligence, inthe manufacture of the hoe handle, in selectingfor it a light, strong substance, and in endow-ing that substance with a long, slender shape.Now, when an intelligent production con-sists of two or more parts, those parts, such asthe blade and handle of the hoe, must be joinedtogether, in order to be used. To be welljoined, they must fit one another; that is, theshape of each of them must be adapted to theshape of the other, where they are joined. Manfurther displays his intelligence in construct-ing the hoe, by giving each of its parts such ashape that it will correctly fit the adjacent part.The only way in which one thing can be madeto fit another, is by holding the shape of theother in mind or intelligence while the thing isbeing made.In each part of the hoe, then, we find theadaptation of the substance of that part to itsuse, of the shape of that part to its use, and ofthe shape of that part to the shape of an ad-jacent part; and this is evidence of intelligencein the construction of the hoe.


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Invention and Manufacture 29And so we might go on analyzing still largerand more complex objects constructed by man.In every useful object made by man, from thefirst stone ax found beneath the geologicaldeposits of past ages, up thru all the countlesscontrivances of modern civilization, suchadaptation and intelligence is displayed.If the object is simple, consisting of but onepiece of matter, as an iron poker, its substance

is adapted to its use, and its shape to its use.But, if the object consists of two or morepieces or distinct parts, as a hoe, the substanceof each part is adapted to the use of that part,the shape of each part is adapted to the use ofthat part, and the shape of each part is adaptedto the shape of any adjacent part.The adaptation of substance to use, that ofshape to use, and that of shape to shape of ad-jacent parts, may be called the principles ofadaptation. No useful thing in the vast cata-log of human contrivances has ever been or canever be invented and manufactured withoutemploying two or more of them. On thisaccount, they are entitled to be called prin-ciples.Size is, also, often adapted to use, and some-times color; but the adaptation of size to useand color to use is less common and conspicu-ous than the adaptation of substance to use,shape to use, and shape to shape of adjacentparts, in useful objects made by man.


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30 God, Evolution and Mind HealingThe way in which man adapts substance touse, shape to use, and the shape of a part to theshape of an adjacent part, in constructing use-ful objects, may be still further illustrated byobserving for a moment the psychology of in-vention and manufacture.Prior to the invention and manufacture ofa useful object, a want is felt which it will sup-

ply, and its future use is thus foreseen.Holding in mind the want to be supplied, orthe use the object is to fulfill, the inventor ormanufacturer then thinks of such a substancefor its construction as will enable it to fulfill itsuse, and of the shape it must have for the samepurpose.The inventor may think of the substance theobject must have, first, and then of the shape;or he may first think of the shape it must haveto fulfill its use, and then of the substance.Before the poker was designed, the want ofsomething with which to stir the fire was felt.Holding in mind the function of stirring thefire, the designer of the poker chose a sub-stance for its construction that fire would notdestroy, and planned its shape such as wouldenable it to penetrate between the coals andthe grates.After these psychological processes havetaken place, the poker is constructed inaccordance with them.When the object under construction is to be


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Invention and Manufacture 31part of a larger object, as the handle of a hoeor the door of a house, one more psychologicalstep is necessary in its construction, than if itwere to constitute a whole object in itself.Being- a part of a larger object, it must bejoined to some other part; and the designermust not only foresee the use it is to performas a part, and adapt its substance and shape tothat use, but he must also hold in mind theshape of any adjacent part of the larger object,and adapt the shape of one part to that ofanother.In constructing a hoe handle, the designermust not only hold in mind the particular useof the handle, and endow' it with such a sub-stance and shape as "will perform that use ; buthe must also hold in mind the adjacent part orblade of the hoe, and endow the handle withsuch shape where it joins the blade that it willfit the latter.In constructing a door, in addition to fore-seeing its use, and procuring a substance andproducing a shape for it which will fulfill thatuse; the maker of the door must also foreseethe shape of the adjacent part or door frame,and shape the door according to the shape ofthe frame.


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IllCREATIVE INTELLIGENCE INANATOMYOW, by turning to animal organs andbodies, we shall find precisely the samekinds or principles of adaptation as those dis-played in human productions. If such adapta-

tion is evidence of intelligence and design inthe latter case, it must also be regarded as evi-dence of intelligence and design in the former.Since animals as a class are more highlyorganized than vegetables, animal organs andbodies will be herein principally used to illus-trate the intelligent creative and sustainingforce that is displayed in both the animal andvegetable kingdoms.Highly organized animal bodies consist ofmany parts or organs. For the completeanalysis of an animal body, each part or organshould be considered separately, as we con-sidered the parts of the hoe; that is, the use orfunction of each organ should be pointed out,and its shape and substance (or tissue)minutely described.However, the organs of most animal bodiesare too numerous to examine them all sep-arately, in order to show how clearly and beau-32


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 33tifully creative intelligence is manifest in eachand every one of them. "We can only considera few of the principal animal organs.Let us consider, first, as an object of dailyobservation, an animal hoof.The use of the animal hoof is to come inforcible contact with the ground, while sup-porting the weight of the animal above it.For the purpose of resisting the abradingeffects of pebbles and other hard materialsfound in the soil, a tough, hard tissue in thehoof is most suitable. We find that man couldnot select or imagine a better tissue for theuse which the hoof fulfills, than that selectedand deposited by the force which produced thehoof.

Suppose, at the birth of the animal, that por-tion of its body which is applied, in walking, tothe rough particles of the soil, were as softand delicate as the eyeball. Laceration anddestruction of the organ, if not of the entireanimal, would ensue, and we could see no intel-ligence in the choice of the tissue of the hoof.But we find in the hoof a perfect correspon-dence and adaptation of tissue to use, and weconclude that an intelligent creative forceselected and deposited that tissue.Observe the shape of the hoof, as comparedwith its use. It is flattened beneath, so as notto penetrate the soil when the weight of theanimal is exerted upon it in walking.


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34 God, Evolution and Mind HealingSuppose the hoof were sharp, like a horn ; itwould penetrate the ground to such depth inwalking- or running that it would impede the

locomotion of the animal, and its use would bepractically destroyed. We thus find in the hoofthe adaptation, also, of shape to use, -which isfurther evidence of the creative intelligencewhich formed it.It is erroneous to suppose that the use of thehoof in \valking g*ave it its shape, or caused itto become flattened. If such were the case, we

should expect that butting or hooking with thehorns, and biting with the incisor and canineteeth, would also blunt or flatten them. Butthese organs have become pointed or wedge-like in shape, regardless of the fact that theiruse in butting and biting tended to produceexactly the opposite effects upon their shape.The force which produces the shape of anorgan acts -wholly from -within it. This forceproduces the correct shape and deposits thecorrect tissue in organs, for dealing -with par-ticular external objects or environment, assurely as man's intelligence selects the propersubstance and produces the proper shape of atool for performing a particular thing; andwhen environment changes, and organs be-come modified or developed into differentorgans, it is this force which changes the shapeand tissue of organs for dealing -with thechang-ed environment.


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 35Altho use and external objects or conditionsmay act against the shape of organs, as in thecase of the horns and the teeth, the creative

force within the organ produces the correctshape and deposits the correct tissue in theorgan for dealing with the external conditions,in spite of the opposing effects of use and exter-nal conditions.The shape and tissue of every organ isadapted for dealing with some object or condi-tion external to itself. No organ exists,whether developed from some other organ ornot, in which shape and tissue are notexquisitely adapted for dealing with some par-ticular environment, or doing some particularthing. The production of the correct shape,and the selection and deposition of the correcttissue, in organs, for dealing with particularenvironment, are in all cases intelligent results.We therefore conclude that the force whichproduces these results is intelligent.The effects of use, external conditions, etc.,upon the formation and development of organsand bodies, will be further described in a sep-arate chapter.The hoof is a part of the animal body; andthe parts of the body, like the parts of a humanproduction, are shaped by intelligence in theirformation to fit one another. That is, theshape of one part is adapted to the shape ofadjacent parts. This is true of the hoof.


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36 God, Evolution and Mind HealingThe upper portion of the hoof is joined tobones above it. Each depression in the uppersurface of the hoof is met by a correspondingprotrusion in one of the bones to which thehoof is joined. The protrusions exactly fit thedepressions. There is a perfect adaptation ofshape to shape in the joining or articulating

surfaces, which is the third kind of adaptationherein cited as evidence of the creative intelli-gence which acts in the formation of organs.An especially striking' example of the adap-tation of the shape of a part to the shape of anadjacent part of the animal form is the ball-and-socket joint, such as the hip-joint of aquadruped, which may be easily procured forobservation. In this it will be seen that theball fits into the socket with beautiful precision.But the adaptation of shape to shape of adja-cent parts, as well as the two other kinds ofadaptation mentioned, may be found in everyorgan that is connected with one or moreother organs, in the entire realm of the scienceof Zoology.Let us next observe the teeth of animals,including man.The use of the teeth is to cut and grind sub-stances used as food, reducing those substancesto minute particles, so that the digestive juicesmay more readily act upon them. Thus, bythe mastication and digestion of food, the lifeof the creature is maintained.


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 37Exceedingly hard substances are oftenencountered as food, both by man and animals ;so that a very hard and firm tissue is necessaryin the teeth to withstand the force brought tobear against them in crushing such substances.Suppose the tissue which man and animals

instinctively exert against hard food sub-stances, were as soft as the tissue of the lips ortongue. No intelligence would be displayed inselecting and depositing such a tissue for theteeth, for it would be useless for the function ofcrushing and grinding food. But we find per-fect adaptation of tissue to use in the teeth, andwe conclude that an intelligent creative forceselected and deposited that tissue.Observe the shape of the teeth.Their use, as stated, is to cut and grind food;and in the human body, those teeth occupyingsuch a position in the mouth as to be most use-ful for cutting, have a cutting or incisive shape,while those lying farther back in the mouth,and which are used for grinding, are broaderand better fitted by their shape for that pur-pose.Suppose the incisor teeth were cubical orspherical ; by such a shape they would not severbread and butter, or other substances used asfood. And suppose that the molar or grindingteeth presented flat, smooth surfaces to oneanother, instead of cusps and depressions, forthe purposes of grinding; little or no intelli-


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38 God, Evolution and Mind Healinggence would then be manifested in their shape.But perfect adaptation of shape to use existsin the teeth, and hence we conclude that theirshape was produced by an intelligent creativeforce.Kach tooth is joined to other parts of thebody; viz., to the jaw bone, and in a manner tothe tooth above or below it. Hach tooth hasone or more roots ; and there is a socket in thejaw bone for each root, into which it fits withgreat precision. Here is the adaptation ofshape to shape of adjacent parts.But this kind of adaptation is found still fur-ther in the teeth, from the fact that each toothcomes in contact in chewing" with a tooth aboveor below it.To cut food, as in the case of the incisorteeth, one sharp edge must fit against another,somewhat like the blades of a pair of scissors.Each incisor tooth has a sharp edge, and ismatched, scissor fashion, with another incisor,making incision of food substances possible andeasily performed.To grind food, as in the case of the molars,cusps or elevations on one tooth, fitting intodepressions in another, are the most effectivecontrivances than can be conceived for the pur-pose, when we remember both the up-and-downand sidewise motion of the lower jaw. Thesecorresponding elevations and depressions wefind on the surface of the molar teeth.


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 39Not only, therefore, is the shape of the toothadapted to the shape of the socket in the jawbone, but its shape is also adapted to the shape

of the tooth above or below it. There is noescape from the conclusion that an intelligentcreative force not only selected and depositedthe tissue, but also produced the shape, of theteeth.Let us notice the use, tissue and shape of thatwonderful organ of special sense the eye.The use of the eye is to receive light thru it,and thereby to form images on the retina at itsback part. Light (the x-ray excepted) willpass thru only transparent substances, or thosesubstances that can be seen thru by daylight.For many centuries men have used the sub-stance of glass for admitting light into theirdwellings and public buildings, which, onaccount of its transparency, may be said to beperfectly adapted for the purpose of admittinglight.The crystalline lens, and other tissues of theeye, are as transparent as glass. Thus thesetransparent tissues of the eye are adapted tothe use or function of admitting light thru it,by which seeing is made possible.Seeing by means of light can be accom-plished only by the use of a transparent sub-stance having a more or less rounded form, likethat of a lens. The direction of the rays oflight coming" from any object must be changed


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40 God, Evolution and Mind Healingin a regular and uniform manner in order forthem to produce an image of the object uponthe retina after they have entered the eye. Thisregular and uniform change in the direction ofthe rays of light is produced by its passingthru any transparent substance shaped like alens.The shape of the crystalline lens of the eyeis exactly such as to produce this necessarychange in the direction of the rays of light thatenter the eye from any object, and a perfect andbeautiful image of the object is thus thrownagainst the retina of the eye.In the lenses of man's microscopes and tele-scopes, by which he has brought to viewworlds innnitesimally small, as well as otherworlds almost infinitely distant, he has merelyimitated the crystalline lens of the eye. Thesame is true of his eye-glasses. The adaptationof the shape of the crystalline lens to refractingthe rays of light, by which, in connection withits transparency, seeing is accomplished, is evi-dent.The eye-ball is round ; and anyone who hasexamined the human skull will remember thedeep, round sockets in the skull that were oncethe resting place of the eye-balls. Similarsockets for the eyes may be seen in the skull ofthe ordinary quadruped. Here we have theadaptation of shape to shape of adjacent parts.In the adaptation of the tissue of the crys-


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 41talline lens to its use, of its shape to its use, andof the shape of the eye-ball to the shape of thesocket in the skull, we have evidence that thetissue of the lens was selected and deposited,its shape produced, and the shape of the eye-ball determined, by an intelligent creativeforce.Let us now take a representative organ ofeach of the four great systems of bodily organsthe osseous, muscular, nervous and circula-tory for the purpose of illustrating the differ-ent kinds of adaptation in all those systems,and demonstrating how an intelligent creativeforce is manifest in the formation of each andevery organ of the body.As a representative bone of the human skele-ton, let us notice the upper bone of the arm, orhumerus.The use of this bone, in connection with theother bones of the skeleton, is to form theframe -work of the body. Its special use is toserve as a basis or support for the biceps mus-cle, which rests upon it; to reach for food andother objects; and to withstand the weight orpressure of things brought in contact withthe hand.To serve these purposes, it is necessary forthe tissue of the humerus to be very firm andstrong, and capable of withstanding the weightof objects brought to bear against it; and suchwe find the tissue of the humerus to be.


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42 God, Evolution and Mind HealingSuppose the tissue of the humerus and otherbones of the skeleton, instead of being firm and

strong, were soft and flexible; notice what theeffect would be in attempting to stand erect, orlifting a heavy weight with the hand. Thetissue of the bones would give way, the bodywould crumple in the attempt to stand erect,and it would be impossible to lift a weight withthe hand either obliquely or horizontally. Here,then, in bold relief, we see the adaptation of thetissue of the humerus to its use one of thethree kinds of adaptation mentioned as evi-dence of creative mind in the formation oforg'ans and bodies.The shape of the humerus is long and slen-der adapted to the use of reaching for objectsand supporting the long, slender biceps buscle,thus illustrating the adaptation of shape touse another one of the kinds of adaptationgiven as evidence of creative intelligence in theproduction of animals and plants.The third kind of adaptation which is pre-sented as evidence of creative mind in theformation of organic bodies that of shape toshape of adjacent parts is clearly and wonder-fully illustrated in the humerus. Its upper endis a ball, which fits perfectly into a socketformed by the scapula or "shoulder blade." Atthe lower end of the humerus, it forms, withthe ulna, the hinge of the elbow, which, forillustrating the adaptation of the shape of one


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 43part to that of another, equals, it seems to me,the ball-and-socket joint.The bones of the foreleg of a quadruped cor-respond to the bones of the arm in man, andare more easily procured for study. Notice theadaptation of the shape of one of those bonesto the shape of an adjacent bone. For everydepression in the end of one of them there is acorresponding elevation in the end of the other.For every groove in one there is a correspond-ing ridge in the other. Elevation fits intodepression, and ridge into groove. As each ofthese bones were formed, the shape of the othermust have been considered by the creative in-telligence.As a carpenter makes a pin to fit a hole, heretains the shape of the hole in mind as muchas that of the pin. So, in the formation of onepart of the body to fit another part, creativeintelligence must have foreseen the shape ofone part as it formed an adjacent part.The bones of the arm and hand, and thebones of the lower limbs, must be swung to andfro at the joints, and handled in various direc-tions, in order that they may be useful. Thesemotions in the bones are produced by the mus-cles. The muscles are of suitable shape withreference to the bones, and composed of a con-tractile tissue, which is capable of being con-tracted and relaxed upon the bones, to producetheir desired motions.


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44 God, Evolution and Mind HealingAs a representative muscle, notice the use,tissue and shape of the biceps the larger mus-cle on the humerus, which we have just

examined.The use of the biceps is to extend a distanceof twelve or fifteen inches between the shoul-der and the lower bones of the arm, and, bybeing contracted upon the humerus, to causethe lower bones of the arm to swing at theelbow, like a door on its hinges. This motionof the lower bones of the arm is very necessaryin the performance of labor and other duties oflife, for without this motion the arm would beinflexible and useless.The tissue of the biceps muscle is soft andpliable, and capable of contraction and relaxa-tion a tissue of exactly opposite qualities andentirely different from bone tissue. Hereagain, then, in beautiful display, is the adapta-tion of tissue to use.The biceps muscle extends between thebones of the shoulder and those of the lowerpart of the arm, and, as just suggested, pro-duces motion in the latter. The shape of thebiceps is necessarily long and slender for theperformance of this function. Here is theadaptation of shape to use in the biceps mus-cle.At the upper end of the biceps it is attachedto both the scapula and the clavicle, the doubleattachment rendering the muscle stronger and


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 45more powerful for lifting weights by the hand.In order to be so attached, the biceps musthave two projections, or two heads. So it has;from which fact it obtained its Latin namebiceps. The biceps is especially so shapedwhere it is attached to the scapula and clavicleas to fit both places of attachment. Thus inthe biceps we have the adaptation of shape tothe shape of adjacent parts.The muscles of the body are not self-acting,but are made to act principally by the externalagency of the nerves, which extend from thebrain or nerve ganglia to all the muscles. Thenerves convey a motor force from the brain organglia to all the muscles; and their tissue andshape are exactly adapted to this use.As a representative nerve, let us notice theuse, tissue and shape of the sixth cervical nerve,which supplies the biceps muscle with motorforce.The use of this nerve is to convey from thenerve center to the biceps muscle a force orfluid bearing some resemblance to electricity.If the nerve which supplies a muscle with thenervous force be detached from the brain ornerve center and attached to a galvanic battery,the electric shock causes muscular contraction,producing a similar effect upon the muscle tothat which the nervous force produces. Thuselectricity and the nervous force seem to havesome qualities in common.


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46 God, Evolutio7i and Mind HealingNow it is well known that some substances

are conductors of electricity, and some are non-conductors ; and the same is true of nervousforce. But it so happens, or rather it is sodesigned, that the tissue selected and depositedfor the construction of the nerves is a perfectconductor of the nervous force, as is the casewith the sixth cervical. But for this perfectadaptation of the tissue of the nerves to con-ducting- the nervous force, massive musclewould be useless, and the giant would be 110stronger than the dwarf. The adaptation oftissue to use is here clear.The shape of the sixth cervical nerve is longand sinuous, and such in all respects as toenable it to reach the biceps muscle and bestperform its function. It wends its way overhills of bone and muscle, across streams ofblood, and thru tunnels of bone, with all thedirection and certainty of design of a telegraphline as it holds on its course over hills, acrossstreams, and thru tunnels, from city to city.Here is the adaptation of shape to use.\Vheii this nerve reaches the biceps muscle,it branches out to all parts of the muscle. Thusthe shape of the nerve is adapted to the shapeof the muscle or part to which it is joined.The circulatory system of animals and ofman is a network of vessels which carry nutri-ment in the form of blood to all parts of thebody, refreshing and enlivening them, as a sys-


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 47tern of waterworks carries water thru all partsof a city to the famishing residents.Let us, as briefly as possible, notice the use,tissue and shape of the subclavian artery, as arepresentative organ of the circulatory system.The chief use of this artery is to carry bloodto the biceps muscle, which is forced thru theartery by the pulsations of the heart, similarlyas water is forced through hose by a forcepump.By the action of a force pump, or by the pul-sation of the heart, the liquid to be transmittedenters the transmitting tube intermittently, orat each stroke of the pump or each heart beat.In violent exercise, especially, the heart beatspowerfully, and heavy jets or pulsations ofblood enter the arteries or transmitting tubesat each heart beat.If the tissue of the subclavian artery wereperfectly rigid, its rigidity would to someextent resist each jet or pulsation of blood andretard its flow. But the tissue of the artery

is elastic, so that the artery enlarges beforeeach wave of blood and allows it to flowonward, instead of resisting it. Thus the tissueof the artery is adapted by its elasticity to theuse of receiving* and transmitting blood to thebiceps muscle.The lining of the subclavian artery is alsonon-porous and closely knit, so that the bloodwill not exude thru the walls of the artery and


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48 God, Evolution and Mind Healingbe lost on its way to the biceps muscle. Thusthe tissue of the artery is further adapted to itsuse by its non-porosity.Observe the shape of an artery. An arteryis a tube or closed vessel. Notice that theblood could not in any manner be forced thruan artery, were it not closed all around, or onall sides. If it were open like a trough, the cur-rent of blood could not be controlled within itswalls, and circulation would be impossible.Man has recognized the absolute necessity ofa closed vessel in his manufacture of ironspouting and rubber hose for the purpose offorcing liquids thru them. Here, then, in beau-tiful display, we see the adaptation of the shapeof the subclavian artery to its use.There is a point in regard to the shape of theheart and veins, the wonder and ingenuity of\vhich man recognizes, but which he has notyet been able to imitate in his aqueducts. Irefer to the valves, which by their positioninside the heart and veins, greatly facilitate thecirculation and flow of blood.The valves are located in pairs within thewalls of the heart and veins, and shut againsteach other, somewhat as double doors that arehung on hinges in the opening between tworooms. At each pulsation of the heart, thevalves open in the direction in which the bloodis flowing as doors open between two rooms,let the blood pass thru, and then close im-


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Creative Intelligence in Anatomy 49mediately behind it, preventing it from flow-ing backward and in the wrong direction. Thecirculation of the blood is accelerated by theopening and closing of the valves at each pul-sation of the heart. Particular adaptation ofthe shape of the heart and veins to the use orfunction of circulating the blood is thus shown.by the valves which they contain.In each of the representative organs men-tioned, therefore, as well as in other organs, wehave found the adaptation of tissue to use,shape to use, and the shape of the organ to theshape of an adjacent organ; and this adaptationis indisputable evidence of the intelligent crea-tive force which operates in the formation ofevery organ and body in the animal and vege-table kingdoms. Thru these kinds or prin-ciples of adaptation, we arrive at a perceptionof the intelligent creative force which formsand develops organs and bodies under all cir-cumstances and conditions, whether in theembryonic state or during life under new orchanged environment.


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IVCREATIVE INTELLIGENCE INEMBRYOLOGYTN THE study of the science of Embryology,-- or the formation of animals and plans in theembryonic state, has anything- been discoveredthat conflicts with our conclusion that intelli-gence controls their formation ? No ; buteverything- that has been discovered confirmsour asseveration that the formation of animalsand plants in the embryonic state is accom-plished purely and solely by an intelligentcreative force.The human body originates in the germ cellor ovum, which, so far as the eye or microscopecan descry, is a little, disc-shaped body of ordi-nary matter, about one-hundredth of an inchin diameter.The first process in the change of the g^ermcell into the bodily organism, is segmentation,or a division of the germ cell into more cells.By the aid of the microscope, the germ cellis first seen to divide into two parts, each oneof these parts now presenting the appearanceof a cell. Each of these new cells again under-goes segmentation, producing two cells, eachof the latter producing two more, and the pro-50


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 51cess continues, until a large number of cells areproduced.After segmentation, the cells are seen tomove from place to place in the embryo, and togroup themselves into the shapes of the variousorgans of the body.Tho all the cells of the embryo are, up to thistime, composed of the same kind of substance,and chemically speaking, possess affinity forthe same thing; the groups of cells that haveassumed the shapes of the various organs, nowabsorb from the fluid of the embryo differentthings, for the construction of the various tis-sues of the organs. At the point where cellscomposed of the same substance begin toabsorb different substances, evidently someother force than a chemical force must controlthem. They are controlled at this point by thesame intelligent creative force that causes themto group themselves into the correct shapes,and to absorb the correct tissues, of the bodilyorgans, in their embryonic formation.The two actions of the cells, viz., assumingthe proper shapes and absorbing the propertissues for the future use of the organs, areintelligent actions; equally intelligent with theaction of a manufacturer who selects and pro-cures iron or steel, instead of chalk or sponge,for the drive wheel of an engine, so that it willsustain the load and withstand the force ex-erted against it, and who forms the wheel cir-


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52 God, Evolution and Mind Healingcular instead of forming- it square, so that itwill revolve upon a track when it is propelled.For, a group of cells which, for example, are tocompose a tooth, select and procure from thenutrient fluid a substance as hard as iron orsteel, instead of absorbing the substance offlesh or fat, for cutting and grinding food, andthey assume a cutting or grinding shape, in-stead of a globular or cubical shape, for cuttingand grinding food. Since these two actions ofthe cells in the formation of organs are intel-ligent, we conclude that the cells are directedand controlled in such actions by an intelligentcreative force.Let us trace the action of the cells in thecomplete formation of some portion of thebody in the embryonic state, as, for example,an arm.At an early stage of the change of the ovuminto the bodily form, a portion of the cellsarrange themselves into the form or outline ofan arm. The cells of the arm then subdividefurther into two parts, which arrange them-selves side by side, and extend the whole lengthof the arm. These parts now absorb from thenutrient fluid different substances, one partabsorbing such a substance as to make thatpart hard and inflexible, while the other partabsorbs such a substance as to make it soft andcontractile. Thus bone tissue and muscle tis-sue are formed.


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 53The cells of the muscle tissue then further

arrange themselves into several distinct mus-cles, the leading muscle being- the biceps, orthe large muscle on the upper part of the arm.The cells at the lower end of the biceps mus-cle now diligently attach themselves to thelower part of the bone tissue of the arm, andthose at the upper end of the muscle firmlyattach themselves to upper portions of thebody. Is there any purpose, any intelligence,in these acts of attachment? Let us see.The muscle tissue is contractile, and its ten-dency or use is to move, by contracting, any-thing to which it is attached. If we can dis-cover that it will be possible or practicable forthe biceps to move the object or body to whichits cells attached themselves, intelligence in theacts of attachment will begin to appear; for,intelligence in or above the attaching cells mayhave contemplated moving the object to whichthe cells of the muscle were attaching them-selves.

If we find the muscle cannot move the objector part to which it is attached, we see no intel-ligence in the acts of attachment. If the bonetissue of the arm to which the cells of the mus-cle attached themselves remains stiff and in-flexible thruomt its whole length, we find thatthe biceps m.nscle cannot move the object towhich it is attached, and we discover no intelli-gence in the jacts of attachment.


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54 God, Evolution and Mind HealingBut, about midway of the bone substance ofthe arm, the cells of the bone tissue, by virtueof the creative intelligence which controls

them, contemplate the action of the cells at theends of the bicep muscle, while the latter cellsare forming- their attachments.Acting in concert -with the cells at the endsof the biceps muscle, the cells near the middleof the bone tissue of the arm so arrange them-selves as to form the joint of the elbow. Bymeans of the elbow the object or body to whichthe cells at the lower end of the biceps mus-cle attached themselves is made movable, andthe purpose and intelligence in the acts ofattachment are plain.The elbow is a hinge, which equals or sur-passes in workmanship and inventive geniusany hinge formed by human mind and skill.A portion of the cells at the elbow, foresee-ing, by the intelligence which controls them,that a hinge, for long and vigorous service,should be lubricated, arrange themselves insuch a position, and make themselves of such atissue, as to be able to secrete a viscid fluid fromthe blood and pour it over the joint in life.These cells compose the synovial membrane.This membrane secretes the synovial fluid,which lubricates the elbow, as well as all othermovable joints of the body. The elbow is com-pleted, lubricated, and ready for use by thetime the cells at the ends of the biceps muscle


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 55have firmly attached themselves, and by thetime the muscle possesses sufficient contractilepower to operate the hinge formed between itstwo ends.Meanwhile the cells at the outer end of thearm, conscious of the plan to produce a prehen-sile, movable instrument, which is being- exe-cuted in the formation of the elbow and in theattachments of the biceps muscle, conspire, bythe intelligence which controls them, in per-fecting and extending the use of this instru-ment, and arrange themselves into several rodsof bone and strips of muscle running parallel toone another, which are to compose the hand.The cells at the two ends of any one of thesestrips of muscle now attach themselves to thesame rod of bone.As in the attachments of the biceps muscle,we could see no purpose or intelligence in theseattachments to the rod of bone if the rod re-mained stiff and inflexible between the twoattachments of the muscle. If the muscle ofthe finger, when contracting, could not movethe part or object to which it is attached, itsattachment would seem purposeless and unin-telligent to us.But, like the cells at the elbow, the cells ofthe bone tissue lying between the two attach-ments of any finger muscle, perceive, by theintelligence which controls them, the attach-ments which are taking place, and form a fin-


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56 God, Evolution and Mind Healingger joint, unerringly between the two attach-ments. Thus the rod of bone to which the cellsat the ends of the muscle attached themselvesis made movable at the intervening joint, andthe purpose and intelligence of the attachmentsare clear.As in the case of the elbow, some of the cellsat each of the ringer joints, foreseeing, by theintelligence which controls them, that the endsof the bones at the joints are to wear againsteach other thru life, assume such a position, andabsorb and appropriate such a tissue, as to beable to secrete the synovial fluid from theblood and pour it out upon the joint for the pur-poses of lubrication.The cells in the formation of one of thesejoints, or in the attachments of one of thesemuscles, must not only have perceived, by thecreative intelligence which controls them, theaction of the cells in the attachments of themuscle or in the formation of the joint, withwhich they are most intimately connected; butthey must also have perceived the attachmentsof muscles and the formation of joints in all thecases of the arm and hand ; for a conspiracya oneness o purpose is manifest in all thecells in producing one thing the prehensile,movable instrument of the arm and hand.Hence we conclude that the arm and hand areproduced by an intelligent creative force.Not only, however, is there a oneness of pur-


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 57pose manifest in the cells in producing the armand hand, but a oneness of purpose is manifestin the cells in producing the entire body; forthe arm and hand are only a part of a largerand more complete instrument or device for themaintenance of life.By the contraction of the muscles whichoperate the joints of the elbow and fingers, notonly do the arm and hand grasp food and placeit in the mouth, but the eyes first point it out;the teeth then masticate it; the salivary glandspour saliva upon it, moisten it, and partiallydigest it, so that it passes freely from themouth to the esophagus in swallowing ; theesophagus transmits it to the stomach; thestomach and other organs supply the digestedfood to the tissues, by which health andstrength are maintained.In the formation of all these parts or organsof the body in the embryonic state, the cellswhich form them proceed with the same degreeof intelligence that is manifest in the formationof the arm and hand.The cells in the formation of the esophagus,for example, by the intelligence which controlstheir actions, not only arrange themselves intothe form of a tube, and attach themselves nearthe back part of the mouth at the upper end ofthe esophagus, and to the stomach at its lowerend, so as to be capable of conveying food fromthe mouth to the stomach; but, in the forma-


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58 God, Evolution and Mind Healingtion of the esophagus, its cells, thru the intel-ligence which controls them, must also evi-dently have been aware of the existence of foodsubstances in the external world, of the neces-sity of conveying food from the mouth to thestomach thru life, etc., etc. The esophagus isevidently formed by creative intelligence withall these facts of life and the -world in view.

Thus, every action of every cell in the forma-tion of all parts and org'aiis of the body in theembryonic state, is controlled purely and solelyby creative intelligence.When we say that an intelligent creativeforce purely and solely controls the formationof organs and bodies in the embryonic state, ofcourse we do not mean to assert that physicaland chemical forces do not also act in suchformation. But, where physical and chemicalforces operate in the formation and sustenanceof the body, they are directed and utilized bythe dominant intelligent force, as steam, elec-tricity or gravitation is dominated by man'sintelligence, in the manufacture and operationof machines.We say that a machine is manufactured andoperated purely and solely by man's intelli-gence; so, also, we say that the body is formedin the embryonic state and sustained in lifepurely and solely by an intelligent creative andsustaining force.Let us see if we can clearly discriminate be-


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 59tween creative mind and the material sub-stances and forces which it uses in the forma-tion and sustenance of organs and bodies.It is as easy to distinguish between the partwhich creative mind performs and the materialforces and substances which it utilizes in crea-ting and sustaining organic beings; as to dis-tinguish between the part which the humanmind performs and the material forces andsubstances which it utilizes in constructing andoperating implements and machines, whenonce we glimpse the great and splendid truththat organs and bodies are intelligent produc-tions, and that creative intelligence bears asimilar relation to organic beings as humanintelligence bears to human productions.In the beginning of the formation of anembryonic creature, the cell or ovum fromwhich the creature is formed is largely sur-rounded by fluid conditions. Y/hen the ovumhas multiplied by segmentation into manycells, intelligent creative force avails itself ofthe supporting physical force of the fluid, inassembling the cells into the shapes or formsof organs. In the formation of organs, the cellsare assembled by the intelligent creative forceinto the shapes of organs thru the medium ofthe fluid in which the cells float, somewhat asships are assembled in formation from differ-ent places on a body of water which bears themup.


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60 God, Evolution and Mind HealingAs man avails himself of the sustaining forceof water in assembling ships for naval action,

creative intelligence avails itself of the sustain-ing force of the fluid in which the cells float,and thru which they pass, in assembling theminto the forms of organs.Thus, creative intelligence utilizes the physi-cal force contained in the surrounding fluid inthe formation of organs.The material substances from which the tis-sues of the embryonic creature are constructedby the intelligent creative force, are held insolution by the physical and chemical forcecontained in the fluid surrounding the embryo,somewhat as the particles of cement and sandwhich compose a concrete mixture are morethoroly dissolved by water.The dissolved state of the substances out ofwhich the tissues are formed, renders thosesubstances more easily absorbed by the cells inthe formation of tissue, similarly as particlesof cement and sand which compose a concretemixture run together more freely when thor-oly dissolved.As human intelligence avails itself of the dis-solving power of water in forming a concretemixture, creative intelligence avails itself ofthe dissolving physical and chemical force con-tained in the fluid of the embryo, when it usesthe dissolved material substances contained inthe fluid for the formation of tissue.


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 61In the construction of tissue in the embry-onic state, certain material substances possesschemical affinity or attraction for other sub-stances. These substances combine in theformation of tissue, similarly as cement andsand combine in the formation of concrete.As human intelligence uses the force ofattraction that exists between the particles ofcement and sand in the formation of concrete,creative intelligence uses the force of attrac-tion that exists between various substances inthe formation of tissue.\Vhen the absorption of tissue has advancedto a certain stage in the formation of organs inthe embryonic state, small tubes or capillariesare formed within the tissues, thru which the

fluid, which contains in solution the substancesfrom which the tissues are formed, flows fromthe main body of the fluid.The force by which the fluid flows thru thecapillaries is called capillary attraction.Instead, therefore, of directly exerting theforce necessary for collecting or absorbing thetissue from the main body of the fluid, intelli-gent creative force now utilizes the physicalforce of capillary attraction, which brings thefluid closer to the place where the substancesout of which the tissues are formed are finallydeposited therein.As human intelligence uses the force of grav-itation in conveying dissolved or slush concrete


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62 God, Evolution and Mind Healingthru spouts or troughs to the place of forma-tion in forms constructed for it, creative intel-ligence uses the force of capillary attraction inconveying- the substances out of which tissuesare formed to their place in the organs.As man's intelligence is manifested in con-structing the hard substance of concrete forwithstanding the weight or pressure to whichit is subjected in foundations, pavements, etc.,so creative intelligence is manifested in con-structing1 , for example, the hard substance ofthe teeth for withstanding the pressure towhich they are subjected in cracking nuts,candies and other articles of food.Since the substances of concrete, dental tis-sue, etc., are so pre-eminently intelligent pro-ductions, we know that the force of intelligencedominates all other forces that operate in con-structing them.As man uses the substances of cement, sand,etc., in constructing concrete, creative intelli-gence uses the substances necessary in con-structing all the bodily organs, by causing thecells of each organ to absorb the appropriatesubstances for the construction of that organ.Creative or sustaining intelligence uses thematerial substances and forces contained in thefood, in the sustenance of the body in life.Thru the demands of hunger, and the instinctto take food which are parts of the nutritivesystem, and are, therefore, produced and con-


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 63trolled by creative or sustaining intelligencewe voluntarily place food in the mouth.All voluntary actions, intended and directedas they are by the human mind, we attribute tohuman intelligence; while all the involuntaryactions of the organs, tho intelligent, but yetnot intended and directed by the human mind,we attribute to sustaining intelligence.As soon as food is placed in the mouth, thesustaining intelligence, -which controls theorgans of the nutritive system, sets all theseorgans in action, for the digestion and assimila-tion of the food.The salivary glands immediately pour thesaliva upon the food in the mouth.Following the voluntary action of swallow-ing the food, the esophagus involuntarily seizesit, and, by its constricting action, transfers thefood to the stomach.The latter organ pours the gastric juice uponthe food, and, by its peristaltic action, carriesthe food on to the small intestine.That organ pours the intestinal juice uponthe food, and also acts peristaltically, by whichaction the food is carried further along in thealimentary canal. Other digestive juices arepoured upon the food in the intestine, after

which the food is transferred by the lacteals tothe circulatory system.By the action or pulsation of the heart, thefood is distributed, thru the circulatory system,


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64 God, Evolution and Mind Healingto the organs, where it is used in the recon-struction of tissue.When the food reaches the organs, we expe-rience the renewed strength or force whichthe material substances of the food contributeto the tissues. A hearty meal and good diges-tion culminate in fresh bodily vigor.The nervous force is the means by whichsustaining intelligence produces action in theesophagus, stomach, intestine, glands, etc.For a real understanding of the problem ofphysical life, we must look more deeply thanthe commonly accepted physiological state-ment that the nervous force, in itself, producesthe motions of the body and its organs."We have seen that creative intelligencecauses the cells to select and absorb the tissueof organs from the fluid or blood in embryonicformation, and it does the same in the recon-struction of tissue during life. In the absorp-tion of tissue in the formation of organs in theembryonic state, the cells are not stimulated intheir action by nervous force, for the nerves arenot in existence at this time; but they are con-structed contemporaneous!}^ with the construc-tion of other organs in the embryonic state.Therefore, the nervous force could not producethe action of the cells in the formation oforgans.Nor does the nervous force stimulate or pro-duce the action of the cells in the absorption of


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Creative Intelligence in Embryology 65tissue during- life; for, the nerves do not extendto each cell of the body. But the action of thecells is produced in life directly by the creativeor sustaining- intelligent force, as well as in theembryonic state.Creative or sustaining intelligence constructsthe nerves and nerve centers in the embryonicstate, and reconstructs them in life, for gen-erating and conducting the nervous force; andit uses this force as a means of producing actionin the esophagus, stomach, heart, etc.It is, in reality, therefore, creative or sus-taining intelligence which produces the actionof these organs.As man's intelligence uses gravitation andother forces in forcing substances thru spoutsand tubes, sustaining intelligence uses (in addi-tion to gravitation), the constricting force ofthe esophagus, the peristaltic force of the stom-ach and intestine, the propelling force of theheart, etc., in forcing the food thru the alimen-tary canal and the circulatory system, to theorg-ans of the body.Sustaining intelligence also utilizes the phy-sical and chemical forces contained in thevarious digestive juices, for dissolving andliquefying the food, and preparing- it forabsorption by the cells in the reconstruction oftissue; and, as creative intelligence uses phys-ical, chemical and capillary forces in the form-ation of tissue from the surrounding fluid in


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66 God, Evolution, and Mind Healingthe embryonic state, so sustaining- intelligenceuses physical, chemical and capillary forces inthe reconstruction of tissues from the liquefiedfood or blood during- life.Creative or sustaining intelligence utilizesthe material substances and forces of the bones,muscles, bloodvessels, etc., in providing or per-forming (with the co-operation of man) thelabor necessary for the care and support ofmankind, individually and collectively.To be sure, creative and sustaining intelli-gence does not manipulate material substancesand forces before our vision, as human intelli-gence does. It is not clothed in human form,and does not manipulate objects with humanhands. Nevertheless, its contact with mate-rial things is just as real as that of human intel-ligence. The examples given may sufficientlyillustrate how creative and sustaining intelli-gence utilizes material substances and forcesin the creation and sustenance of the body, andin the performance of its physiological func-tions.Comparing the higher iiitellig'ence which ismanifest in the Universe, with human intelli-gence, is sometimes depreciatingly termedanthropomorphism, or otherwise unfavorablycharacterized.Some writers who, unfortunately, have notthemselves, clearly and forcibly perceived theexistence of an intelligent creative and sus-

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Charles Lincoln Clayton - God, Evolution and Mind Healing (1923)

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