+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Date post: 08-Nov-2014
Category:
View: 93 times
Download: 8 times
Share this document with a friend
Description:
Charles V
Popular Tags:
17
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Portrait of the Emperor, after Titian Holy Roman Emperor; King of the Romans; King of Italy Reign 28 June 1519 27 August 1556 [1] Coronation 26 October 1520, Aachen (German royal) 22 February 1530, Bologna (Italian royal) 24 February 1530, Bologna (imperial) Predecessor Maximilian I Successor Ferdinand I King of Spain with Joanna the Mad to 1555 Reign 23 January 1516 16 January 1556 Predecessor Joanna Successor Philip II Lord of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy Reign 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 [2] Predecessor Philip I of Castile Successor Philip II of Spain Spouse Isabella of Portugal Issue Philip II, King of Spain Maria, Holy Roman Empress Joanna, Princess of Portugal John of Austria (illegitimate) Margaret, Duchess of Florence and Parma (illegitimate) House House of Habsburg Father Philip I of Castile Mother Joanna of Castile Born 24 February 1500 Ghent, Flanders Died 21 September 1558 (aged 58) Yuste, Spain Burial El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain Signature
Transcript
Page 1: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V

Portrait of the Emperor, after Titian

Holy Roman Emperor;King of the Romans;

King of Italy

Reign 28 June 1519 – 27 August 1556[1]

Coronation 26 October 1520, Aachen (German royal)22 February 1530, Bologna (Italian royal)24 February 1530, Bologna (imperial)

Predecessor Maximilian I

Successor Ferdinand I

King of Spainwith Joanna the Mad to 1555

Reign 23 January 1516 – 16 January 1556

Predecessor Joanna

Successor Philip II

Lord of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy

Reign 25 September 1506 – 25 October 1555[2]

Predecessor Philip I of Castile

Successor Philip II of Spain

Spouse Isabella of Portugal

Issue

Philip II, King of SpainMaria, Holy Roman EmpressJoanna, Princess of PortugalJohn of Austria (illegitimate)Margaret, Duchess of Florence and Parma (illegitimate)

House House of Habsburg

Father Philip I of Castile

Mother Joanna of Castile

Born 24 February 1500Ghent, Flanders

Died 21 September 1558 (aged 58)Yuste, Spain

Burial El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

Signature

Page 2: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 2

Religion Roman Catholicism

Charles V (Spanish: Carlos I; Dutch: Karel V; German: Karl V.; Italian: Carlo V; French: Charles Quint; 24February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of theSpanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand Ias Holy Roman Emperor and his son Philip II as King of Spain in 1556.Charles was the eldest son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad. His grandmother was Isabella I of Castile.As the heir of three of Europe's leading dynasties—the House of Habsburg of the Habsburg Monarchy; the House ofValois-Burgundy of the Burgundian Netherlands; and the House of Trastámara of the Crowns of Castile andAragon—he ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western, and Southern Europe; and the Spanish colonies in theAmericas and Asia. As Charles was the first king to rule Castile, León, and Aragon simultaneously in his own right,he became the first King of Spain. [3] In 1519, Charles became Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria. Fromthat point forward, his empire spanned nearly four million square kilometers across Europe, the Far East, and theAmericas.[4]

Much of Charles' reign was devoted to the Italian Wars against France which, although enormously expensive, weremilitarily successful. Charles' forces re-captured both Milan and Franche-Comté from France after the decisiveHabsburg victory at the Battle of Pavia in 1525,[5] which pushed Francis to form the Franco-Ottoman alliance.Charles' rival Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the central part of the Hungarian Kingdom in 1526 afterdefeating the Christians at the Battle of Mohács. However, the Ottoman advance was halted after they failed tocapture Vienna in 1529.Aside from this, Charles is best known for his role in opposing the Protestant Reformation.[6] Several Germanprinces abandoned the Catholic Church and formed the Schmalkaldic League in order to challenge Charles' authoritywith military force. Unwilling to allow the same religious wars to come to his other domains, Charles pushed for theconvocation of the Council of Trent, which began the Counter-Reformation. The Society of Jesus was established bySt. Ignacio de Loyola during Charles' reign in order to peacefully and intellectually combat Protestantism, andcontinental Spain was spared from religious conflict largely by Charles' nonviolent measures.[7]

In the New World, Spain conquered Mexico and Peru, and extended its control across much of South and CentralAmerica. Charles oversaw the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Charles provided 5 ships to FerdinandMagellan whose voyage -the first circumnavigation of the Earth- laid the foundation for the Pacific oceanic empireof Spain and began Spanish colonization of the Philippines.Though always at war, Charles was a lover of peace. "Not greedy of territory", wrote Marcantonio Contarini in 1536,"but most greedy of peace and quiet."[8] Charles retired in 1556. The Habsburg Monarchy passed to Charles' youngerbrother Ferdinand, whereas the Spanish Empire was inherited by his son Philip II. The two empires would remainallies until the 18th century.

Heritage and early lifeCharles was born in the Flemish city of Ghent in 1500. The culture and courtly life of the Burgundian Low Countrieswere an important influence in his early life. He was tutored by William de Croÿ (who would later become his firstprime minister), and also by Adrian of Utrecht (later Pope Adrian VI). It is said that Charles spoke several vernacularlanguages: he was fluent in French, Flemish, later adding an acceptable Spanish which was required by the CastilianCortes Generales as a condition for becoming King of Castile. An anecdote sometimes attributed to Charles is: "Ispeak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men and German to my horse." But this quote has many variantsand is often attributed instead to Frederick the Great.[9]

From his Burgundian ancestors he inherited an ambiguous relationship with the Kings of France. Charles shared with France his mother tongue and many cultural forms. In his youth he made frequent visits to Paris, then the largest city of Western Europe. In his words: "Paris is not a city, but a universe" (Lutetia non urbs, sed orbis). He was betrothed

Page 3: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 3

to both Louise and Charlotte of Valois, daughters of King Francis I of France, but they both died in childhood.Charles also inherited the tradition of political and dynastic enmity between the Royal and the Burgundian Ducallines of the Valois Dynasty.Though Spain was the core of his possessions, he was never totally assimilated and especially in his earlier years feltas if he were viewed as a foreign prince. He could not speak Spanish very well, as it was not his primary language.Nonetheless, he spent most of his life in Spain, including his final years in a Spanish monastery. Indeed, Charles'motto, Plus Ultra ('Further Beyond'), became the national motto of Spain.

Reign

A young Charles V, by Bernard vanOrley, Louvre Museum, Paris,

France

Burgundy and the Low Countries

Charles V, 1533, by Titian. Museodel Prado, Madrid, Spain

In 1506, Charles inherited his father's Burgundian territories, most notably theLow Countries and Franche-Comté, most of which were fiefs of the GermanKingdom (part of the Holy Roman Empire), except his birthplace of Flanderswhich was still a French fief, a last remnant of what had been a powerful playerin the Hundred Years' War. As he was a minor, his aunt Margaret ofParma[citation needed] born as Archduchess of Austria acted as regent as appointedby Emperor Maximilian until 1515 and soon she found herself at war withFrance over the question of Charles' requirement to pay homage to the Frenchking for Flanders, as his father had done. The outcome was that Francerelinquished its ancient claim on Flanders in 1528.

From 1515 to 1523, Charles' government in the Netherlands also had to contendwith the rebellion of Frisian peasants (led by Pier Gerlofs Donia and WijardJelckama). The rebels were initially successful but after a series of defeats, theremaining leaders were captured and decapitated in 1523.

Charles extended the Burgundian territory with the annexation of Tournai,Artois, Utrecht, Groningen and Guelders. The Seventeen Provinces had been

unified by Charles' Burgundian ancestors, but nominally were fiefs of either France or the Holy Roman Empire. In 1549, Charles issued a Pragmatic Sanction, declaring the Low Countries to be a unified entity of which his family

Page 4: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 4

would be the heirs.[]

The Low Countries held an important place in the Empire. For Charles V personally they were his home, the regionwhere he was born and spent his childhood. Because of trade and industry and the rich cities, they also representedan important income for the treasury.

Spain

Emperor Charles V

In the Castilian Cortes of Valladolid of 1506, and of Madrid of 1510he was sworn as prince of Asturias, heir-apparent of his mother thequeen Joanna.[10] On the other hand, in 1502, the Aragonese Cortesgathered in Saragossa, pledged an oath to his mother Joanna asheiress-presumptive, but the Archbishop of Saragossa expressed firmlythat this oath could not establish jurisprudence, that is to say, withoutmodifying the right of the succession, but by virtue of a formalagreement between the Cortes and the King.[11][12] So, with the deathof his grandfather, King Ferdinand II of Aragon on 23 January 1516,his mother Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, which consisted ofAragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia; whileCharles became Governor General.[13] Nevertheless, the Flemingswished that Charles assume the royal title,[citation needed] and this wassupported by his grandfather the emperor Maximilian I and the PopeLeo X. This way, after the celebration of Ferdinand II's obsequies on14 March 1516, he was proclaimed as king of Castile and of Aragonjointly with his mother. Finally, when the Castilian regent CardinalJiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, he acceded to Charles's desire to be proclaimed king and he imposedhis statement throughout the kingdom. Thus, the cities were recognizing Charles as king jointly with his mother.[14]

Charles arrived in his new kingdoms in autumn of 1517. His regent Jiménez de Cisneros came to meet him, but fellill along the way, not without a suspicion of poison, and died before meeting the King.[15]

Due to the irregularity of assuming the royal title, when his mother, the legitimate queen, was alive, the negotiationswith the Castilian Cortes in Valladolid (1518) proved difficult,[16] and in the end Charles was accepted under thefollowing conditions: he would learn to speak Castilian; he would not appoint foreigners; he was prohibited fromtaking precious metals from Castile; and he would respect the rights of his mother, Queen Joanna. The Cortes paidhomage to him in Valladolid in February 1518. After this, Charles departed to the kingdom of Aragon. He managedto overcome the resistance of the Aragonese Cortes and Catalan Corts also,[17] and finally he was recognized as kingof Aragon jointly with his mother.[18]

Charles was accepted as sovereign, even though the Spanish felt uneasy with the Imperial style. Spanish monarchsuntil then had been bound by the laws; the monarchy was a contract with the people. With Charles it would becomemore absolute, even though until his mother's death in 1555 Charles did not hold the full kingship of the country.Soon resistance against the Emperor rose because of the heavy taxation (the money was used to fight wars abroad,most of which Castilians had no interest in) and because Charles tended to select Flemings for high offices in Spainand America, ignoring Castilian candidates. The resistance culminated in the Revolt of the Comuneros, which wassuppressed by Charles. After this, Castile became integrated into the Habsburg empire, and provided the bulk of theempire's military and financial resources. The enormous budget deficit accumulated during Charles' reign resulted inSpain declaring bankruptcy during the reign of Philip II.[19]

Page 5: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 5

Italy

Portrait of Charles V on Horsebackby Anthony van Dyck, 1620.

Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy

The Crown of Aragon inherited by Charles included the Kingdom of Naples, theKingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Sardinia. Aragon also previouslycontrolled the Duchy of Milan, but a year before Charles ascended to the throne,it was annexed by France after the Battle of Marignano in 1515. Charlessucceeded in re-capturing Milan in 1522 when Imperial troops defeated theFranco-Swiss army at Bicocca. Yet in 1524 Francis I of France retook theinitiative, crossing into Lombardy where Milan, along with a number of othercities, once again fell to his attack. Pavia alone held out and it was here that on24 February 1525 (Charles' twenty-fifth birthday), Charles' Imperial forcescaptured Francis and crushed his army, yet again retaking Milan and Lombardy.Spain successfully held on to all of its Italian territories, though they wereinvaded again on multiple occasions during the Italian Wars. In addition to this,Habsburg trade in the Mediterranean was consistently disrupted by the OttomanEmpire. A Holy League, which consisted of all the Italian states and Spain, wasformed in 1538 to drive the Ottomans back, but was defeated at the Battle ofPreveza. Decisive naval victory eluded Charles; it would not be achieved untilafter Charles' death, at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.

America

Charles V by Titian, 1548. Museodel Prado, Madrid, Spain

During Charles' reign, the territories in New Spain were considerably extendedby conquistadores like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who caused theAztec and Inca empires to fall in little more than a decade. Combined with theMagellan expedition's circumnavigation of the globe in 1522, these successesconvinced Charles of his divine mission to become the leader of Christendomthat still perceived a significant threat from Islam. The conquests also helpedsolidify Charles' rule by providing the state treasury with enormous amounts ofbullion. As the conquistador Bernal Díaz del Castillo observed, "We came toserve God and his Majesty, to give light to those in darkness, and also to acquirethat wealth which most men covet."[]

In 1528 Charles assigned a concession in Venezuela Province to BartholomeusV. Welser, in compensation for his inability to repay debts owed. Theconcession, known as Klein-Venedig (little Venice), was revoked in 1546. In1550, Charles convened a conference at Valladolid in order to consider themorality of the force used against the indigenous populations of the New World,which included figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas.

Charles V is credited with the first idea of constructing an American Isthmus canal in Panama as early as 1520.[]

Holy Roman Empire

After the death of his paternal grandfather, Maximilian, in 1519, he inherited the Habsburg Monarchy. He was alsothe natural candidate of the electors to succeed his grandfather as Holy Roman Emperor. He defeated the candidaciesof Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England. The unanimousRichard vonGreiffenklau zu Vollrads decision of the electors gave Charles the crown on 28 June 1519. In 1530, he was crownedHoly Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in Bologna, the last Emperor to receive a papal coronation.[20][21]

Page 6: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 6

Despite holding the imperial throne, Charles' real authority was limited by the German princes. They gained a strongfoothold in the Empire's territories, and Charles was determined not to let this happen in the Netherlands. Aninquisition was established as early as 1522. In 1550, the death penalty was introduced for all cases of unrepentantheresy. Political dissent was also firmly controlled, most notably in his place of birth, where Charles, assisted by theDuke of Alva, personally suppressed the Revolt of Ghent in mid-February 1540.[]

Charles abdicated as Emperor in 1556 in favor of his brother Ferdinand; however, due to lengthy debate andbureaucratic procedure, the Imperial Diet did not accept the abdication (and thus make it legally valid) until 24February 1558. Up to that date, Charles continued to use the title of Emperor.

France

Charles V's territories (red, purple, orange,yellow and buff) surrounding France (Spanish

colonial empire not shown).

Much of Charles's reign was taken up by conflicts with France, whichfound itself encircled by Charles's empire while it still maintainedambitions in Italy. In 1520, Charles visited England, where his aunt,Catherine of Aragon, urged her husband, Henry VIII, to ally himselfwith the emperor. The first war with Charles's great nemesis Francis Iof France began in 1521. Charles allied with England and Pope Leo Xagainst the French and the Venetians, and was highly successful,driving the French out of Milan and defeating and capturing Francis atthe Battle of Pavia in 1525. To gain his freedom, the French king wasforced to cede Burgundy to Charles in the Treaty of Madrid (1526).

Charles V with Armor by JuanPantoja de la Cruz, according to

Titian. El Escorial. Madrid, Spain

When he was released, however, Francis had the Parliament of Paris denouncethe treaty because it had been signed under duress. France then joined the Leagueof Cognac that Pope Clement VII had formed with Henry VIII of England, theVenetians, the Florentines, and the Milanese to resist imperial domination ofItaly. In the ensuing war, Charles's sack of Rome (1527) and virtualimprisonment of Pope Clement VII in 1527 prevented the Pope from annullingthe marriage of Henry VIII of England and Charles's aunt Catherine of Aragon,with important consequences. In other respects, the war was inconclusive. In theTreaty of Cambrai (1529), called the "Ladies' Peace" because it was negotiatedbetween Charles's aunt and Francis' mother, Francis renounced his claims in Italybut retained control of Burgundy.

A third war erupted in 1535, when, following the death of the last Sforza Duke ofMilan, Charles installed his own son, Philip, in the duchy, despite Francis'sclaims on it. This war too was inconclusive. Francis failed to conquer Milan, butsucceeded in conquering most of the lands of Charles's ally the Duke of Savoy,including his capital, Turin. A truce at Nice in 1538 on the basis of uti possidetisended the war, but lasted only a short time. War resumed in 1542, with Francisnow allied with Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I and Charles once again allied withHenry VIII. Despite the conquest of Nice by a Franco-Ottoman fleet, the French

remained unable to advance into Juarez, while a joint Anglo-Imperial invasion of northern France, led by Charleshimself, won some successes but was ultimately abandoned, leading to another peace and restoration of the statusquo ante in 1544.

Page 7: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 7

A final war erupted with Francis' son and successor, Henry II, in 1551. This war saw early successes by Henry inLorraine, where he captured Metz, but continued failure of French offensives in Italy. Charles abdicated midwaythrough this conflict, leaving further conduct of the war to his son, Philip II and his brother, Ferdinand I, HolyRoman Emperor.

Conflicts with the Ottoman EmpireCharles fought continually with the Ottoman Empire and its sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent. The great Hungariandefeat at the 1526 Battle of Mohács "sent a wave of terror over Europe."[22][23] However, the Muslim advance inCentral Europe, was halted at Vienna in 1529.

Charles V on Horseback in Mühlberg. Titian.1548. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain

On the other hand, the contest between Charles and Suleiman for themastery of the Mediterranean was decided in favour of the Sultan, inspite of Spanish victories such as the Conquest of Tunis in 1535. Theregular Ottoman fleet came to dominate the Eastern Mediterraneanafter its victory at Preveza in 1538 and the loss of Djerba in 1560(shortly after Charles' death) which severely decimated the Spanishmarine arm. At the same time, the Muslim Barbary corsairs, actingunder the general authority and supervision of the Sultan, regularlydevastated the Spanish and Italian coasts, crippling Spanish trade andchipping at the foundations of Habsburg power.

In 1536 Francis I of France allied himself with Suleiman againstCharles. While Francis was persuaded to sign a peace treaty in 1538,he again allied himself with the Ottomans in 1542 in a Franco-Ottomanalliance. In 1543 Charles allied himself with Henry VIII and forcedFrancis to sign the Truce of Crépy-en-Laonnois. Later, in 1547,Charles signed a humiliating[24] treaty with the Ottomans to gain him

some respite from the huge expenses of their war, in which he was seen as the equivalent of the Grand Vizier of theOttoman Empire -Ibrahim Pasha at the time[25] - and was referred to as only the King of Spain since there could onlybe one Emperor in the world and it was Suleiman. However, the Protestant powers in the Imperial Diet often votedagainst money for his Turkish wars, as many Protestants saw the Muslim advance as a counterweight to the Catholicpowers.

Charles V made overtures to the Safavid Empire to open a second front against the Ottomans, in an attempt atcreating a Habsburg-Persian alliance. Contacts were positive, but rendered difficult by enormous distances. In effecthowever, the Safavids entered in conflict with the Ottoman Empire in the Ottoman-Safavid War (1532–1555),forcing it to split its military resources.[26]

Page 8: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 8

Protestant Reformation

An elderly Charles V

As Holy Roman Emperor, Charles called Martin Luther to the Diet ofWorms in 1521, promising him safe conduct if he would appear.Initially dismissing Luther's theses as "an argument between monks",he later outlawed Luther and his followers in that same year but wastied up with other concerns and unable to take action againstProtestantism.

1524 to 1526 saw the Peasants' Revolt in Germany and in 1531 theformation of the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League. Charles delegatedincreasing responsibility for Germany to his brother Ferdinand whilehe concentrated on problems elsewhere.

In 1545, the opening of the Council of Trent began theCounter-Reformation, and Charles won to the Catholic cause some ofthe princes of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1546 (the year of Luther'snatural death), he outlawed the Schmalkaldic League (which hadoccupied the territory of another prince). He drove the League's troops

out of southern Germany and at the Battle of Mühlberg defeated John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and imprisonedPhilip of Hesse in 1547. At the Augsburg Interim in 1548 he created an interim solution giving certain allowances toProtestants until the Council of Trent would restore unity. However, Protestants mostly resented the Interim andsome actively opposed it. Protestant princes, in alliance with Henry II of France, rebelled against Charles in 1552,which caused Charles to retreat to the Netherlands,

HealthCharles suffered from an enlarged lower jaw, a deformity that became considerably worse in later Habsburggenerations, giving rise to the term Habsburg jaw. This deformity was caused by the family's long history ofinbreeding, which was commonly practiced in royal families of that era to maintain dynastic control of territory. Hestruggled to chew his food properly and consequently experienced bad indigestion for much of his life. As a result,he usually ate alone.[27] He suffered from epilepsy[28] and was seriously afflicted with gout, presumably caused by adiet consisting mainly of red meat.[29] As he aged, his gout progressed from painful to crippling. In his retirement, hewas carried around the monastery of St. Yuste in a sedan chair. A ramp was specially constructed to allow him easyaccess to his rooms.[27]

Abdication and later lifeOn 25 October 1555, Charles abdicated all his titles except the county of Charolais, giving his Spanish Empire(continental Spain, the Netherlands, Naples–Sicily, Lombardy and Spain's possessions in the Americas) to his son,Philip. His brother Ferdinand, already in possession of the dynastic Habsburg lands, succeeded as Holy RomanEmperor. Charles retired to the monastery of Yuste in Extremadura, but continued to correspond widely and kept aninterest in the situation of the empire. He suffered from severe gout and some scholars think Charles decided toabdicate after a gout attack in 1552 forced him to postpone an attempt to recapture the city of Metz, where he waslater defeated. He lived alone in a secluded monastery, with clocks lining every wall, which some historians believesymbolizes his reign and his lack of time.[30]

Charles died on 21 September 1558 from malaria.[31] Twenty-six years later, his remains were transferred to theRoyal Pantheon of The Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial.

Page 9: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 9

Marriage and childrenOn 10 March 1526, Charles married his first cousin Isabella of Portugal, sister of John III of Portugal, in Seville.Their children included:• Philip II of Spain (1527–1598), the only son to reach adulthood.• Maria of Austria (1528–1603), who married her first cousin Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor.• Joanna of Austria (1535–1573), who married her first cousin João Manuel, Prince Hereditary of PortugalIsabella often administered Spain while Charles was in other lands. Due to Philip II being a grandson of Manuel I ofPortugal through his mother Isabella, Philip was in the line of succession to the throne of Portugal, and claimed itafter his uncle's death (Henry, the Cardinal-King, in 1580), thus establishing the Iberian Union.Charles also had several mistresses. Two of them gave birth to two future Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands:• Johanna Maria van der Gheynst, a servant of Charles I de Lalaing, Seigneur de Montigny, daughter of Gilles

Johann van der Gheynst and wife Johanna van der Caye van Cocamby, bore Margaret of Parma.• Barbara Blomberg bore John of Austria.

Titles

Charles V, enthroned over his defeated enemies(from left): Suleiman, Pope Clement VII, Francis

I, the Duke of Cleves, the Duke of Saxony andthe Landgrave of Hesse. Giulio Clovio, mid-16th

century.

Title Date from Date to Regnal name

Titular Duke of Burgundy 25 September 1506 16 January 1556 Charles II

Duke of Brabant 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Duke of Limburg 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Duke of Lothier 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Duke of Luxemburg 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles III

Margrave of Namur 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

[] Count Palatine of Burgundy 25 September 1506 5 February 1556 Charles II

Count of Artois 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Page 10: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 10

[] Count of Charolais 25 September 1506 21 September 1558 Charles II

Count of Flanders 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles III

Count of Hainault 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Count of Holland 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Count of Zeeland 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II

Duke of Guelders 12 September 1543 25 October 1555 Charles III

Count of Zutphen 12 September 1543 25 October 1555 Charles II

King of Castile and León 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I (with Joanna, 14 March 1516 - 12 April 1555)

King of Aragon and Sicily 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I (with Joanna, 14 March 1516 - 12 April 1555)

King of Naples 14 March 1516 25 July 1554 Charles IV (with Joanna III, 14 March 1516 - 25 July 1554)

King of the Romans 28 June 1519 24 February 1530 Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor 24 February 1530 24 February 1558 Charles V

Archduke of Austria 12 January 1519 12 January 1521 Charles I

The titles of King of Hungary, of Bohemia, and of Croatia, were incorporated into the imperial family duringCharles' reign, but they were held, both nominally and substantively, by his brother Ferdinand, who initiated afour-century-long Habsburg rule over these eastern territories.The full Charles' titulature went as follows:Charles, by the grace of God, Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King of Germany, King of Italy, King of allSpains, of Castile, Aragon, León, Navarra, Grenada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Sevilla, Cordova, Murcia,Jaén, Algarves, Algeciras, Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, King of Two Sicilies, of Sardinia, Corsica, King ofJerusalem, King of the Western and Eastern Indies, Lord of the Islands and Main Ocean Sea, Archduke of Austria,Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Lorraine, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Limburg, Luxembourg, Gelderland, Neopatria,Württemberg, Landgrave of Alsace, Prince of Swabia, Asturia and Catalonia, Count of Flanders, Habsburg, Tyrol,Gorizia, Barcelona, Artois, Burgundy Palatine, Hainaut, Holland, Seeland, Ferrette, Kyburg, Namur, Roussillon,Cerdagne, Drenthe, Zutphen, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgau, Oristano and Gociano, Lord of Frisia,the Wendish March, Pordenone, Biscay, Molin, Salins, Tripoli and Mechelen.

Page 11: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 11

Arms

Holy Roman Emperor

Coats of arms

References in literature and popular culture

Eschutcheon of Charles V, watercolor, JohnSinger Sargent, 1912. Metropolitan Museum of

Art

References to Charles V include a large number of legends and folktales; literary renderings of historical events connected to Charles' lifeand romantic adventures, his relationship to Flanders, and hisabdication; and products marketed in his name.[32]

• Charles V appears as a character in the play Doctor Faustus by theElizabethan playwright Christopher Marlowe. In Act 4 Scene 1 ofthe A Text, Faustus attends Court by the Emperor's request and withthe assistance of Mephistopheles conjures up spirits representingAlexander the Great and his paramour as a demonstration of hismagical powers.

• In De heerelycke ende vrolycke daeden van Keyser Carel den V,published by Joan de Grieck in 1674, the short stories, anecdotes, citations attributed to the emperor, and legendsabout his encounters with famous and ordinary people, depict a noble Christian monarch with a perfectcosmopolitan personality and a strong sense of humour. Converesely, in Charles De Coster's masterpiece ThylUlenspiegel (1867), after his death Charles V is consigned to Hell as punishment for the acts of the Inquisitionunder his rule, his punishment being that he would feel the pain of anyone tortured by the Inquisition. De Coster'sbook also mentions the story on the spectacles in the coat of arms of Oudenaarde, the one about a paysant ofBerchem in Het geuzenboek (1979) by Louis Paul Boon, while Abraham Hans (1882–1939) included both tales inDe liefdesavonturen van keizer Karel in Vlaanderen.

• Lord Byron's Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte refers to Charles as "The Spaniard".• Ernst Krenek's opera Karl V (opus 73, 1930) examines the title character's career via flashbacks.• In the third act of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Ernani, the election of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor is presented.

Charles (Don Carlo in the opera) prays before the tomb of Charlemagne. With the announcement that he iselected as Carlo Quinto he declares an amnesty including the eponymous bandit Ernani who had followed himthere to murder him as a rival for the love of the soprano. The opera, based on the Victor Hugo play Hernani,portrays Charles as a callous and cynical adventurer whose character is transformed by the election into aresponsible and clement ruler.

• In another Verdi opera, Don Carlo, the final scene implies that it is Charles V, now living the last years of his lifeas a hermit, who rescues his grandson, Don Carlo, from his father Philip II and the Inquisition, by taking Carlowith him to his hermitage at the monastery in Yuste.

• In The Maltese Falcon, the title object is said to have been an intended gift to Charles V.• A Flemish legend about Charles being served a beer at the village of Olen, as well as the emperor's lifelong

preference of beer above wine, led to the naming of several beer varieties in his honor. The Haacht Brewery of

Page 12: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 12

Boortmeerbeek produces Charles Quint, while Het Anker Brewery in Mechelen produces Gouden Carolus,including a Grand Cru of the Emperor, brewed once a year on Charles V's birthday.[33][34][35][36] GrupoCruzcampo brews Legado De Yuste in honor of Charles and attributes the inspiration to his Flemish origin andhis last days at the monastery of Yuste.[citation needed]

• Carlos V is the name of a popular chocolate bar in Mexico. Its tagline is "El Rey de los Chocolates" or "The Kingof Chocolates" and "Carlos V, El Emperador del Chocolate" or "Charles V, the Emperor of Chocolates."

• Charles V is a notable character in Simone de Beauvoir's All Men Are Mortal.• Charles V is portrayed by Torben Liebrecht and is figured prominently in the 2003 fim Luther covering the life of

Martin Luther up until the Diet of Augsburg.• Charles V is portrayed by Sebastian Armesto on Showtime series The Tudors.

Notes[1] Date of Charles's abdication; on 24 February 1558, the college of electors assembled at Frankfort accepted the instrument of Charles V's

imperial resignation and declared the election of Ferdinand as emperor (http:/ / books. google. es/ books?id=DUwLAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA716& dq=& pg=PA716#v=onepage& q=& f=false) (http:/ / books. google. es/ books?id=nPwQAAAAIAAJ& dq=& lr& as_brr=3&pg=PA182#v=onepage& q=& f=false)

[3] Michael de Ferdinandy. Charles V. Encyclopedia Brittanica. (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ EBchecked/ topic/ 107009/ Charles-V)[4] Hermann Wiesflecker. Maximilian I. Encyclopedia Brittanica (http:/ / www. britannica. com/ EBchecked/ topic/ 370486/ Maximilian-I)[5] Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, 60, 68; Guicciardini, History of Italy, 363–364; Oman, Art of War, 211.[6] Dennis Bratcher (ed.). The Edict of Worms (1521) (http:/ / www. cresourcei. org/ creededictworms. html).[7] Henry Kamen, "Toleration and Dissent in Sixteenth-Century Spain: The Alternative Tradition." The Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 19, No.

1 (Spring, 1988), pp. 3–23. (http:/ / www. jstor. org/ pss/ 2540957)[9][9] Burke, "Languages and communities in early modern Europe" p. 28; Holzberger, "The letters of George Santayana" p. 299[10] Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla; Manuel Colmeiro (1883) (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080610055350/ http:/ /

www. cervantesvirtual. com/ servlet/ SirveObras/ 95791734217821695203346/ p0000017. htm), chapter XXIII (http:/ / web. archive. org/web/ 20080610055346/ http:/ / www. cervantesvirtual. com/ servlet/ SirveObras/ 95791734217821695203346/ p0000016. htm#I_38_)

[11] Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos (http:/ / www.ucm. es/ BUCM/ revistas/ byd/ 11321873/ articulos/ RGID0303220133A. PDF), Revista General de Información y Documentación 2003, vol13, núm.2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid), page 137

[12] Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505–1506); José María de Francisco Olmos(http:/ / www. ucm. es/ BUCM/ revistas/ byd/ 11321873/ articulos/ RGID0202220291A. PDF), Revista General de Información yDocumentación 2002, vol 12, núm.2 (Universidad complutense de Madrid), page 299

[13] Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos (http:/ / www.ucm. es/ BUCM/ revistas/ byd/ 11321873/ articulos/ RGID0303220133A. PDF), page 138

[14] Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Carlos I fabricada en los Países Bajos (1517); José María de Francisco Olmos (http:/ / www.ucm. es/ BUCM/ revistas/ byd/ 11321873/ articulos/ RGID0303220133A. PDF), pp. 139–140

[15] Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 edition.[16] Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080610055401/ http:/ / www. cervantesvirtual. com/

servlet/ SirveObras/ 95791734217821695203346/ p0000018. htm); Manuel Colmeiro (1883), chapter XXIV[17] Historia general de España; Modesto Lafuente (1861) (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=o7JJAAAAMAAJ& pg=RA3-PA51&

lpg=RA3-PA51& dq=carlos+ rey& source=web& ots=JRqKvxLffg& sig=RXmNjdv3JhOvbViqyrK0xZVcM3c#PPA43,M1), pp. 51–52.[18] Fueros, observancias y actos de corte del Reino de Aragón; Santiago Penén y Debesa, Pascual Savall y Dronda, Miguel Clemente (1866)

(http:/ / saavedrafajardo. um. es/ biblioteca/ biblio. nsf/ buscarLect/ 96E2C129300D5FB0C1256E43003ECF79?OpenDocument), page 64(http:/ / saavedrafajardo. um. es/ biblioteca/ biblio. nsf/ pw/ A94C1361FB8E6926C1256E43003F1FAF/ $file/ 00000242. jpg)

[19] Elliot, J.H. Imperial Spain 1469–1716. Penguin Books (New York: 2002), pg. 208.[20] William Maltby, The Reign of Charles V (St. Martin's Press, 2002)[21] Claims that he gained the imperial crown through bribery have been refuted. H.J. Cohn, "Did Bribes Induce the German Electors to Choose

Charles V as Emperor in 1519?" German History (2001) 19#1 pp 1-27[22] Quoted from: Bryan W. Ball. A Great Expectation. Brill Publishers, 1975. ISBN 90-04-04315-2. Page 142.[24] In particular, in this Truce of Adrianople (1547) Charles was only referred to as "King of Spain" instead of by his extensive titulature. (see

Crowley, p. 89)[26] "A Habsburg-Persian alliance against the Ottomans finally brought a respite from the Turkish threat in the 1540s. This entanglement kept

Suleiman tied down on his eastern border, relieving the pressure on Carlos V" in The Indian Ocean in world history? Milo Kearney – 2004 –p.112

[27] Dr. Martyn Rady, University of London, lecture 2000.[29][29] "Tests confirm old emperor's gout diagnosis." His The Record. 4 August 2006, Nation.

Page 13: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 13

Bibliography• Atkins, Sinclair. "Charles V and the Turks," History Today (Dec 1980) 30#12 pp 13–18• Blockmans, W. P., and Nicolette Mout. The World of Emperor Charles V (2005)• Brandi, Karl. The emperor Charles V: The growth and destiny of a man and of a world-empire (1939)• Espinosa, Aurelio. "The Grand Strategy of Charles V (1500-1558): Castile, War, and Dynastic Priority in the

Mediterranean," Journal of Early Modern History (2005) 9#3 pp 239–283.• Espinosa, Aurelio. "The Spanish Reformation: Institutional Reform, Taxation, and the Secularization of

Ecclesiastical Properties under Charles V," Sixteenth Century Journal (2006) 37#1 pp 3–24. in JSTOR (http:/ /www. jstor. org/ stable/ 20477694)

• Espinosa, Aurelio. The Empire of the Cities: Emperor Charles V, the Comunero Revolt, and the Transformationof the Spanish System (2008)

• Ferer, Mary Tiffany. Music and Ceremony at the Court of Charles V: The Capilla Flamenca and the Art ofPolitical Promotion. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2012. ISBN 9781843836995

• Howell, Robert B. (2000), "The Low Countries: A Study in Sharply Contrasting Nationalisms", in Barbour,Stephen; Carmichael, Cathie, Language and nationalism in Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press,pp. 130–50, ISBN 0-19-823671-9

• Kleinschmidt, Harald. Charles V: The World Emperor excerpt and text search (http:/ / www. amazon. com/Charles-V-World-Emperor-ebook/ dp/ B007C52E6Y/ ref=sr_1_1?s=books& ie=UTF8& qid=1353117438&sr=1-1)

• Saint-Saëns, Alain, ed. Young Charles V. University Press of the South: New Orleans, 2000

Other languages• (Italian) Salvatore Agati (2009). Carlo V e la Sicilia. Tra guerre, rivolte, fede e ragion di Stato, Giuseppe

Maimone Editore, Catania 2009, ISBN 978-88-7751-287-1• (French) D'Amico, Juan Carlos. Charles Quint, Maître du Monde: Entre Mythe et Realite 2004, 290p.• (German) Norbert Conrads: Die Abdankung Kaiser Karls V. Abschiedsvorlesung, Universität Stuttgart, 2003 (

text (http:/ / elib. uni-stuttgart. de/ opus/ volltexte/ 2004/ 1935/ ))• (German) Stephan Diller, Joachim Andraschke, Martin Brecht: Kaiser Karl V. und seine Zeit.

Ausstellungskatalog. Universitäts-Verlag, Bamberg 2000, ISBN 3-933463-06-8• (German) Alfred Kohler: Karl V. 1500–1558. Eine Biographie. C. H. Beck, München 2001, ISBN 3-406-45359-7• (German) Alfred Kohler: Quellen zur Geschichte Karls V. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1990,

ISBN 3-534-04820-2• (German) Alfred Kohler, Barbara Haider. Christine Ortner (Hrsg): Karl V. 1500–1558. Neue Perspektiven seiner

Herrschaft in Europa und Übersee. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2002, ISBN3-7001-3054-6

• (German) Ernst Schulin: Kaiser Karl V. Geschichte eines übergroßen Wirkungsbereichs. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart1999, ISBN 3-17-015695-0

• (German) Ferdinant Seibt: Karl V. Goldmann, München 1999, ISBN 3-442-75511-5• (German) Manuel Fernández Álvarez: Imperator mundi: Karl V. – Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches

Deutscher Nation.. Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-7630-1178-1

Page 14: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 14

External links• Media related to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at Wikimedia Commons• Genealogy history of Charles V and his ancestors (http:/ / www. habsburg. webs. com/ )• Luminarium Encyclopedia biography of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (http:/ / www. luminarium. org/

encyclopedia/ charles5. htm)• Answers.com biographies of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (http:/ / www. answers. com/ topic/ charles-v)• New Advent biography of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (http:/ / www. newadvent. org/ cathen/ 03625a. htm)

Charles V, Holy Roman EmperorHouse of Habsburg

Born: 24 February 1500 Died: 21 September 1558

Regnal titles

Preceded byPhilip the Handsome

Duke of Brabant, Limburg,Lothier and Luxembourg;

Count of Artois, Flanders, Hainaut,Holland, Namur and Zeeland;Count Palatine of Burgundy

1506–1555

Succeeded byPhilip the Prudent

Preceded byJoanna the Mad

King of Naples1516–1554

with Joanna III (1516–1554)

King of Aragon, Majorca,Valencia, and Sicily;

Count of Barcelona, Roussillon andCerdagne1516–1556

with Joanna (1516–1555)

King of Castile and León1516–1556

with Joanna (1516–1555)

Preceded byWilliam the Rich

Duke of GueldersCount of Zutphen

1543–1555

Preceded byMaximilian I

Archduke of AustriaDuke of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola

Count of Tyrol1519–1521

Succeeded byFerdinand I

German King(formally King of the Romans)

1519–1530

King of Italy1530–1558

Holy Roman Emperor1530–1558

(Emperor-elect 1520–1530)

Spanish royalty

Preceded byJoanna

later Queen Joanna

Prince of Asturias1504–1516

VacantTitle next held by

Philiplater King Philip II

Prince of Girona23 January – 14 March 1516

Page 15: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 15

Page 16: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Article Sources and Contributors 16

Article Sources and ContributorsCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=549432941  Contributors: (, (jarbarf), -The Bold Guy-, 6BL-A504, A. Parrot, Abc518, Abune, Accurizer,Adam Bishop, Adam Carr, Adam keller, Adam sk, Adambro, Adamgarrigus, Addshore, Ahoerstemeier, Alan Liefting, Alansohn, Aldebaran69, Aldux, Alexandria, Alexcoldcasefan,AlexiusHoratius, Altenmann, Amontella13, Andre Engels, Andres rojas22, Angela, Angusmclellan, AnnaP, Antandrus, Anwar saadat, Ariasne, Arnoutf, Arod14, Arrigo, Asenine, AssegaiAli,Astorknlam, Atlatonin, Attilios, Audaciter, Auntof6, Avalls89, AxelBoldt, Azalea pomp, B. Franken, BD2412, Badamb, Balcer, Bart133, Baseballbaker23, Bastique, Bazuz, Beach drifter,Bender235, Berowile, Bikbeg, Bkwillwm, Blaue Max, Bless sins, Blisco, Blorg, Blue520, BlueMoonlet, BoLingua, Bobjuch, Bobo192, BrettT867, Brutannica, Buchraeumer, Buggie111, Buho09,Bullsrock478, Bunnyhop11, Buron444, Burtovi, CSvBibra, Calhale, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Canderson7, Caponer, Caranorn, CarlosVdeHabsburgo, Caspian blue, Cathy Richards,CenturionZ 1, Cervantista, Cfailde, Cflm001, Chanza, Chicheley, Chico pan, Choess, Chris the speller, ChrisGualtieri, Christian75, Christoryland, Citicat, Cladeal832, Clq, Cmprince, Cohesion,Coinman62, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Crazybananahead, Crism, Cristiano Tomás, Cronos2546, D6, DGaw, DO'Neil, Daaviiid, Dabit100, Dal89, Dampinograaf, Dancingwombatsrule,David Kernow, David.Monniaux, Dbm1110111, Deacon of Pndapetzim, Deeahbz, DemonicInfluence, Den fjättrade ankan, Deor, Deucalionite, Dgrom, Dimadick, DirectEdge, Dirgela,Discospinster, Djln, Djnjwd, Dojarca, Donarreiskoffer, Dorseoa, Dougweller, Download, Drboisclair, Dreadstar, Drmies, Dtpd, Dynamax, ESkog, EagerToddler39, Eboracum, Ecthelion83,EddieLu, Edward, Edward321, Egmontaz, Egoinos, Eigenwijze mustang, Ekki01, Elagatis, Eldredo, Eleassar, Electrobe, Elliskev, Ellmist, Emperor001, Epbr123, Erik9, Error, Escorial82,Espetkov, Esrever, Estel91, EuroHistoryTeacher, Excirial, F.Karels, Fabartus, Falcon Kirtaran, Fats64, Favonian, FayssalF, FeanorStar7, Felix753, Filiep, FilipeS, Foxj, Francvs, Frankiegar,Freakant, Friviere, Func, Fvw, G.-M. Cupertino, Gabbe, Gaius Cornelius, Garcilaso, Gary King, Georginaorwell, Gero, Ghirlandajo, Gimboid13, Glane23, GoShow, Goat Error, Gogafax,GoingBatty, Gombe, Good Olfactory, GoodDay, GraafGeorge, Grein, Greswik, Grey Fox-9589, Gro-Tsen, Gryffindor, Guestia, Gun323, Gurch, Guy Peters, Habj, Hadal, HansHermans, HansM,Hardouin, Hck-13, Headbomb, Heat0016, Helixblue, HenkvD, HereToHelp, Hmains, Hollomis, Hooiwind, Howrad501, Husond, Hustead, IRP, Iacobus, Icseaturtles, Ignaciogavira, Il Castrato,Immunize, Indiandrum, Infrogmation, Ipankonin, Iridescent, Isis, Itai, Iterator12n, J.delanoy, JLaTondre, JackofOz, Jacobolus, James2c19v, Jaraalbe, Jason Quinn, Jcwf, Jebus989, Jeffmatt,Jfruh, Jidu Boite, Jim.henderson, Jinkleberries, Jjon112, JoeEsquivel, Joelfoss, John K, John Quiggin, Johnwcowan, JosCol, Joseph Solis in Australia, Jovianeye, Joy, Jsgoodrich, Kaffi, Kaihsu,Kaiser matias, Kansas Bear, KaosStorm, Karnner, Kdau, Keilana, Kewp, Kimmy88, KingRichardIII, Kit1066, Kittehpoo, Kokirin, Konakonian, Konsulromanum, Korg, Kostisl, Kribbeh,Kriddle16, Kristalyn6, Ksnow, Ktsquare, Kungfuadam, Kuru, Kwertii, L.smithfield, Lacrimosus, Larvatus, Learningluke, Lec CRP1, Lecen, LeftAire, LightSpectra, Lightmouse, Lights,Ling.Nut, LittleOldMe old, Livenlifeasitis7, LlywelynII, Locoamigo, Look2See1, Looxix, Lord Emsworth, LordAmeth, Louis3ham, LouisPhilippeCharles, Lovelac7, Lozeldafan, LuciusSempronius Turpio, Ludde23, Luwilt, M-le-mot-dit, MJO, MaGioZal, Mackensen, MaliNorway, Mamawrites, Marcbel, Mark J, Markussep, MarmadukePercy, Martg76, Martynas Patasius,Masked Turk, MasterMan, Matjlav, Matthewcollins1989, Matticus78, Mattratt9, Mav, MelbourneStar, Melromero, Mgoodyear, Michaelsanders, Mikko Paananen, Mmxx, Moenstah,Monegasque, Montrealais, Moonraker, Mootros, Mr Stephen, Mr. Vernon, Mtloweman, N5iln, NKSCF, NOFXmike, Nareek, Naufana, NeilTarrant, Neoplatonic, Neutrality, NewEnglandYankee,Nick, Nick Michael, Nishkid64, Niteowl6904, No Guru, Nono64, Nuno Tavares, OhNoPeedyPeebles, Ohconfucius, Olivier, Omegastar, Onceonthisisland, Oreo Priest, Orphan Wiki, Ost316,OwenBlacker, P. S. Burton, PCHS-NJROTC, Pabejar, Paliano, Panairjdde, Pathoschild, Per Honor et Gloria, Perceval, Perique des Palottes, Persian Poet Gal, Petesong116, Phil5329, Philg88,Pietdesomere, Pietervermeersch, PilgrimGT, Piniricc65, Pipichochi, Pmarshal, Poetaris, Portia1780, Profx89, ProtoplasmaKid, Provocateur, Prsgoddess187, Pruneau, Psi36, Purgatory Fubar,Qasim Arif Sethi, Qp10qp, Quadell, Quantpole, QueenCake, Rajah, RandomCritic, Rbraunwa, Rd232, Red Winged Duck, Redlentil, Reigen, RemiCogan, Rettetast, Rex Germanus, RexNL, RichFarmbrough, Richards783, Rickyrab, Riggr Mortis, River6969us, Rjanag, Rjensen, Rjwilmsi, Robert Skyhawk, Roofbird, RoyBoy, Rrwright, Rune.welsh, Rübezahl, Saddhiyama, Santryl,Schala-Kitty, School09101112, Scottscott1194, Sebasbronzini, Semimarina, Shadowjams, Shafei, Shanes, Sikv, SimonP, SimonX13, Sjjordan1981, SkerHawx, Skäpperöd, Smoove Z, Smsarmad,SomeHuman, Someguy1221, Someone else, Sonyray, Sparafucil, Spinningspark, SpookyMulder, Srnec, StanZegel, Stbalbach, Steind, Stephen, Stepshep, Stevertigo, Stijn Calle,StockholmSyndrome, Stoopied, Str1977, Sugaar, Sunquanliangxiuhao, Surtsicna, SvenAERTS, Swissbrazilian, Taccoguy17, Tarret, Tassedethe, Tbhotch, Techman224, Templatier, The BGC,The Catholic Knight, The Emperor's New Spy, The Frederick, The Ogre, The Quill, The Rambling Man, The Wild West guy, ThePedanticPrick, Thine Antique Pen, Thomas Antonius, Thue,Thunderboltz, Tide rolls, Tigga en, Tim!, Tobby72, TomTheHand, Tommy2010, Tpbradbury, Trasamundo, Travelbird, Tree Biting Conspiracy, Trevor MacInnis, Tropische Storm Sven,Ulric1313, Unyoyega, UtherSRG, Vald, Varlaam, Vasiľ, Venerock, Veracruzian, Versus22, Virgosky, Voorlandt, Wayne Slam, Weijiya, Wetman, Whoop whoop pull up, Wiki alf, Wikipelli,William Avery, Witger, Wknight94, Wmahan, Woohookitty, Worobiew, Wouter Vantomme, Wsjack2001, XPTO, Xascul, Xcali, Xtboris, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yamla, Yorkshirian, Younggun11,Yozzer66, YuriBCN, Zannah, Zarbon's goofy cousin, Zeno Gantner, Zipola, Zundark, 1247 ,أحمد عصام الدين anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Karl V by Ticiano.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Karl_V_by_Ticiano.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: LecenFile:Firma_Emperador_Carlos_V.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Firma_Emperador_Carlos_V.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Dabit100File:Bernaerd van Orley 004.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bernaerd_van_Orley_004.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Albertomos, Auntof6, Bukk,Dierker, Ecummenic, Jastrow, JoJan, Kürschner, Mattes, Oursana, PKM, Shakko, Stomme, Wst, 1 anonymous editsFile:Jakob Seisenegger 001.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jakob_Seisenegger_001.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Gryffindor, User:Jon HaraldSøbyFile:Peter Paul Rubens - Charles V in Armour - WGA20378.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Charles_V_in_Armour_-_WGA20378.jpg License: Public Domain  Contributors: DenghiùComm, Lecen, Mattes, Vincent SteenbergFile:Anthony Van Dick - Ritratto equestre dell'imperatore Carlo V - Google Art Project.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Anthony_Van_Dick_-_Ritratto_equestre_dell'imperatore_Carlo_V_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Bukk,CommonsDelinker, Dcoetzee, Ham, Primaler, Vincent SteenbergFile:Titian - Portrait of Charles V Seated - WGA22964.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Titian_-_Portrait_of_Charles_V_Seated_-_WGA22964.jpg  License: PublicDomain  Contributors: Auntof6, Cirt, Darwinius, DenghiùComm, Ecummenic, Mattes, Sailko, ShakkoFile:Empire-Roman-Emperor-Charles-V.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Empire-Roman-Emperor-Charles-V.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original by Lucio silla, modification by Paul2File:Karl V 1605.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Karl_V_1605.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: LecenFile:Carlos V en Mühlberg, by Titian, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Carlos_V_en_Mühlberg,_by_Titian,_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Bukk, CommonsDelinker, Dcoetzee,Escarlati, Jean-Frédéric, Tsaag Valren, YannFile:Elderly Karl V.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Elderly_Karl_V.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: LecenFile:Charles V enthroned over his defeated enemies Giulio Clovio mid 16th century.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Charles_V_enthroned_over_his_defeated_enemies_Giulio_Clovio_mid_16th_century.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Uploadalt, 2anonymous editsFile:Blason fr Bourgogne.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blason_fr_Bourgogne.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: ZigeunerFile:Coat of arms of Brabant.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brabant.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Adelbrecht, BrightRaven,Chatsam, CommonsDelinker, Ewan McTeagle, Jimmy44, Jmh2o, Massimop, Odejea, Sportsfan92, Vincent Steenberg, ZipolaFile:Limburg New Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Limburg_New_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Austria coat of arms simple.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Austria_coat_of_arms_simple.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Cornelis; SVG Conversion by: David LiuzzoFile:Armoiries Comtes de Luxembourg.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Armoiries_Comtes_de_Luxembourg.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike  Contributors: BrightRaven, Caranorn, Darwinius, Skim, SsireFile:Namur Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Namur_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Blason comte fr Nevers.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blason_comte_fr_Nevers.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: SyryastuFile:Artois Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Artois_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Blason Charolais.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Blason_Charolais.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors:User:Zigeuner

Page 17: Charles v, Holy Roman Emperor

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 17

File:Arms of Flanders.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arms_of_Flanders.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Adelbrecht,CommonsDelinker, Cycn, Elvaube, Rinaldum, 2 anonymous editsFile:Hainaut Modern Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hainaut_Modern_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Counts of Holland Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Counts_of_Holland_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Coatofarmszeeland.PNG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coatofarmszeeland.PNG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors:LievinieFile:Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guelders-Jülich_Arms.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Escudo de Zutphen 1581.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Escudo_de_Zutphen_1581.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: TrasamundoFile:Escudo Corona de Castilla.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Escudo_Corona_de_Castilla.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Ignacio GaviraFile:Escudo Corona de Aragon y Sicilia.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Escudo_Corona_de_Aragon_y_Sicilia.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: IgnacioGaviraFile:Armas del reino de Nápoles - Casa de Austria.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Armas_del_reino_de_Nápoles_-_Casa_de_Austria.svg  License: CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike  Contributors: TrasamundoFile:Holy Roman Empire Arms-single head.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Holy_Roman_Empire_Arms-single_head.svg  License: unknown  Contributors:IpankoninFile:Holy Roman Empire Arms-double head.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Holy_Roman_Empire_Arms-double_head.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors:OgreImage:Charles V Arms-imperial.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Charles_V_Arms-imperial.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: IpankoninFile:Escutcheon of Charlest V John Singer Sargent 1912.jpeg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Escutcheon_of_Charlest_V_John_Singer_Sargent_1912.jpeg  License:Public Domain  Contributors: Darwinius, Gryffindor, MarmadukePercy, Mattes, Wmpearlfile:Commons-logo.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Commons-logo.svg  License: logo  Contributors: Anomie

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


Recommended