www.greekhydrocarbons.gr
N. Papadimitriou
K. Oikonomopoulos
G. Makrodimitras
IENE, Athens 30-31, Oct. 2018
Chasing hydrocarbon reserves in Carbonate Buildups: Examples from
the Eastern Mediterranean
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Introduction
Data and Methods
Geological Setting
Carbonate Buildups in the East Mediterranean
Conclusions and Future work
Outline
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A body of shallow carbonate strata
deposited as a geomorphic feature adjacent
to deeper-water strata and include different
facies
(reefs, lagoons, tidal flat deposits).
They host significant hydrocarbon resources
Why it is important;
Examples of good reservoirs:
• The Carboniferous of North America (360-299 Ma)
• The Permian of the United States (298-250 Ma)
• The Mesozoic in the Mediterranean (200- 65 Ma)
• Tertiary Southeast Asia and Brazil. (24- 5 Ma)
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• Seismic Interpretation
• Well data
• Magnetic anomalies map (UGGS)
• Gravity map
Data/Methods
Geophysical studies
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Study Area
Distribution of Isolate Carbonate Platforms in the Mediterranean (Giovanni Rusciadelli and Peter Shiner, 2018)
(a) Mountain belts due to
continental Collison
(b) Fold and thrust belts
(c) Accretionary
complexes
(d) Intracontinental belts
(e) Back – Arc basins
(f) Tethyan ocean
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Geological Setting
(after Vrielynck et al., 2014)
Callovian
Late Permian-Triassic-Jurassic
Tethyan rifting
Opening of Neo-Tethys ocean
Examples:
North:
• ICPs developed on the Adriatic
microcontinent
(Apulian, Adriatic-Gavrovo-Tripolitza)
• Menderes platform
• Taurus platforms
South:
• Eratosthenes Carbonate Platform
• Levant and Egyptian Margin
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(Gardosh et al., 2010)
Examples from Eastern Mediterranean
Hyper extended margin with thin continental
crust (Inati et al., 2016)
Experience several tectonic processes:
• Rifting
• Passive margin development
• Convergence and ophiolite emplacement
(e.g., Dewey et al., 1973; Garfunkel, 2004;
Aksu et al., 2005; Le Pichon and Kreemer,
2010).
Bounded:
North: Collision zone
East: Stike-slip (major plate boundary)
West: Isolate Carbonate platform to the west
South: Nile delta
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Seismic interpretationOffshor
e
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
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Eratosthenes Carbonate Platform
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Seismic Interpretation
AB
A
B
Seismic
PackagesAge Events
Lower
Bounding
surface
Upper Bounding
surface
Reflection
configuration
SP 8 Pliocene Irregular
surface/trunca
tion
Irregular
surface/truncation
Parallel to subparallel
configuration
SP 7 Messinian
MSC
Irregular
surface/trunca
tion
Irregular
surface/truncation
Reflection free
configuration
(transparent)
SP 6 Late Miocene
CO
NV
ERG
ENC
E P
HA
SE
CO
LISI
ON
(sili
sicl
asti
cin
flu
x)
Onlaps
Onlaps on the
margin
Irregular surface/
truncation
Parallel to subparallel
reflection and minor
chaotic reflections
SP 5 Early Miocene Conformable
Onlaps on the
margin
minor truncation Subparallel configurations
with some high amplitude
condensed intervals
SP 4 Oligocene Irregular
surface/trunca
tion
Conformable parallel to subparallel
configurations/
Progradational sigmoid
configuration with minor
chaotic intercalations
SP3 Late
Cretaceous-
Eocene
Onlap surface Irregular
surface/truncation
Parallel to subparallel
reflections intercalated
with some chaotic
configuration
SP2 Cretaceous
PO
STR
IFT
PH
ASE
Baselap Comformable High amplitude parallel to
subparallel configuration
with some mounded
intervals
SP1 Late Jurassic -Onlaps Baselap Parallel to subparallel
reflections with some
minor chaotic intervals(Hawie et al., 2013)
Offshor
e
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Seismic Interpretation
C
D
C
D
B
ER1=Mid Jurassic
Mid Jurassic
Tassy et al., 2015
Offshor
e
Tassy et al., 2015
C
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Tethyan Carbonate Platforms (Apulia)
• Similarly during the Mesozoic, the
Apulian platform was isolated and could
be a good analogue.
• Deep-water gravity flow carbonates of
Late Cretaceous outcropping in the
Gargano Peninsula and the Maiella
Mountain are analogous with
Eratosthenes gravity driven deposits .
Santantonio et al., 2013
D
C
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Hellenic Arc (Offshore Crete)
NE0.0
Km
SW Libyan Margin Backstop Crete
10.0
20.0
30.0
100.0 200.0 300.0
Km/s
Km
CRETE
24 2623 25
34
33
Hellenic Arc
Fold belt
CM: Cretan margin
BS: Backstop
MR: Accretionary prism
Bounded
North: Crete
South: African plate
East: Herodotus Basin
West: Hellenic trench
Makris et al., 2013
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Shallow carbonates corerspond to the
Gavrovo-Tripolis Zone outcropping
onshore along the southern coastline of
Crete
Hellenic Arc (Offshore Crete)
3.5
2.5
4.5
5.5
1.5
km
`
Carbonate Built up
Plio-Pleistocene
Messinian Evaporites
7 km0
Mesozoic Carbonates
(after Papanikolaou et al., 2010)
34
33
32
31
24 2623 25
CRETE
?
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Hellenic Arc (Offshore Crete)
NW SE
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
km
20 km
NW SECarbonate Built up Neogene (Flysh
Sediments) Messinian Evaporites
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
20 kmBasement ?
Mesozoic Carbonates
?
34
24 2623 25
33
32
31
CRETE
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• The position of basement-high (ICPs) is controlled by structures inherited from therifting.
• Studies on Eratosthenes and Apulia carbonate platforms point out the fundamentaldifferences between platform facies and basinal facies.
• Tectonism is related with the initiation and the drowning of carbonate platform(including both compressional and extensional tectonics).
• The distance of the paleo-relief from the continent has a fundamental role in theevolution of a carbonate platform.
Understanding the regional geology is great tool for HC exploration!
Conclusions
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+ Sample Text
2018, All rights reserved, Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resources Management S.A. (“HHRM S.A.”)Copyright NoticeThis brochure has been designed by HHRM S.A. and it is protected by any applicable copyright and other intellectual property laws. This document is the exclusive property of HHRM S.A.. No portion of this document may be reproduced or duplicated, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of HHRM S.A. and any review, use, distribution or disclosure of the information contained herein by unauthorised persons is strictly prohibited.
Thank you for your attention!
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ESP1- 2: LATE JURASSIC?
Depth map of top ESP1-2 seismic unit.
Offshor
e
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Hellenic Arc (Offshore Crete)
NW SE
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
km
20 km
NW SECarbonate Built up
Neogene (FlyshSediments) Messinian
Evaporites
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
20 km Basement ?
Mesozoic Carbonates
?
34
24 2623 25
33
32
31
CRETE
Salt Diapir
Tilted blocks
Carbonate Built up
Neogene(Flysh Sediments)
MES Messinian Evaporites
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ESP3: EARLY CRETACEOUS
Depth map of top ESP3 Seismic unit.
Zhor
Offshor
e
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ESP4: CRETACEOUS
Depth map of top ESP4seismic unit.
Conceptual model: (OMAN) Droste, 2010
Offshor
e
Bertello et al., 2016
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ESP6- Miocene
966
Legend
Offshor
e
Robertson, 1998
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Miocene Carbonate PlatformCollision of Africa- Eurasia
8°
Offshor
e
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Offshore Israel
Offshor
e
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Offshore Western Greece: The current study
Abyssal plain-escarpment (Calabrian)
Apulian platform (A)
Hellenides FTB (i.e. Ionian z.)? FTB extensiontransition
North of KTF
Mesozoic carbonates
Basement ?
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Top Cretaceous-Paleocene carbonates corresponds to the top of undifferentiated, i.e.
pelagic versus shallow-water carbonates belonging to the Hellenides Thrust and Fold
Belt.
The top undifferentiated carbonates is most often represented by the base Neogene
Flysch but these carbonates could also be directly onlapped by Messinian or Pliocene
sediments.
The distinction between shallow-water versus pelagic carbonates is made on the base
of regional knowledge and seismic facies comparison with the North Ionian Offshore.
Then shallow-water carbonates are mostly characterized by a massive transparent
facies showing little internal stratification as on seismic line 3014 across the Chryssi-
Koufonissi block between the Ptolemy and Pliny troughs and on previous figures
showing seismic Knowing that only future drilling will enable further distinction,
carbonates that does not look like shallow-water carbonates are by default attributed tothe Pindos series in the continental margin