8~~ 11111 . .5111111.0 2 2~~ Wi liP 2 n;.: !.;. IIIII~~ I.:.., [t!.~ ... '- " ...... "II: 1.1

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111111.25 111111.4 "'" 1.6

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS 19(3 A

1.0 :~ IIIF8 2.5 11111 g~ 111/[32 R~!z: 1~!f36 'S=;

I.I :~ L. " 1..l..a. I! - 111111.8

1 4111111.25 11111 . "'" 1.6

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NAI10NAt BUREAU or bJANDAfWS 1%3 A

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.. . . " ~

,and 'P.hy~ic,al' ~rop:e'rt~~~.o:t~:~:.,'

:~~o.ine,'bE: tJte I~portantAlluvi~' Sbil8:~, :'':

Technicnl Bulletin No. 833 October 1942

1I;NI1'.":'STATES' PAaT8_NTr:eWAGBIIJLTIJRE

riWASIIIN$T8N, B. t::. Irihutnrh's 1 .'Irl'illuliI.i.l Litl'nlfun' ('itt'd 7!1 I,(iriqc[ datn r

2 TECHKICAL Bl;LLE'l'IX 833, U. S. DEP'f. OF AGRICULTURE

along similar lincs in ordcr to clctcl'lninC' the (,fi'eets of tmnsl'l'lTing nncl mixil1g nUttl'l'ial from yarious residunl soure('s to thc' flood plains of I'in'rs~ For the purpost' of this stlld~T the delta an'a of the :\[ississippi Rivc'r secmed adJnil'nbl~T suit('(l ns its parent materinl mnnifl'stly is tnmsportl'd from widt'ly different S01ll'(,cs, The seop(' of the work, artcT being startcd, wns widen!'C1 to inelllde' onc 01' mol'(' snmples taken from the nlluvial pin ins of many of the lUl'g('l' tl'ihllLari('s to the :\Iississippi. Th('se extensions furnish additionnl dn.ta eOIl('('I'ning thf' cluHnctN of the alluvium d('f'iv('d fmm various nrcns. It is important nt (h(' present time to makc available for gl'neJ'nl use in nlly intt'nsivt' food-produdion cnmpaign thes(' dn.tn ('oll('el'ning thc' g('ne'ral 1'('1'til i ty of nllllyinL soils, tlw mnjor ('\(,IlH'11 ls of \\'h ich tlle',Y an' ('olll])Osf'd, and tll('ir pl'ocludi\Tity alld dUl'nbiliL~' ill compn,l'ison wilh that of I'('sitillal soils.

Thp gl'pn.t imporlanc'c' nnd ill('I'l'ns('d pol('ntial yn]uc of Lht' nlluvial soils of tl1

3 ALLUVIAL SOILS OF THE MISSISSIPPI BASL.~

land t}mt pt'Oduce two 01' thl'ce C1'OpS pCI' year, Since 1925, the Scnnar Dum on the BIll

---

4 TECH~lCAL BCLLETlX 833, e. ::;. DEPT. OF AGIUCC.LI'UHE

sis ilnd by e\wmieal nnnl:vsis of thl' soils nnd of thril" colloids. Spceiu. ('xmnillations wcrc mndp on some snmples, as repol"ted ill L111' following" pngl'S.

,-I I

:'---T-1 I I I

I I I I I

I I

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"'W,'ltI, I. .\Iap ~ho\\"ill)!; appl"oximat( IOl"nJioll of ~oil profilp,; u,;('(1 ill lll(' pI"l";;('llt ill\o('';li}!;tLtioll of "oil" of lit(, '\li""j,.;,;ippi Hh'pl" dmilUl}!;C bu"in.

DESCRII:'TIO\ OF '\ LLl \'1\ I. SOIL SAl''1PI.ES FROM TilE :\'IISSISSI PI'I I{ I \' EH '\ \ D ITS TRI BUTA HIES

As L\I(I nllu\'ial soil in ('ael, of thl's(' l"in'l" basins is dPl'in'd from l'xtl'nsi \'(' :1I'I'US of di\"\'I"S(' ~l'olol-!;i('a l 111:1 t ('rinl, spp('ial ('frod WHS .mude 10 obtain sampll's \'('pl"l'sl'lIlill~ (hI' dOlllillallt soil of ('aclt Il'gioll. To H(Tolllplish this (h" SHlllpll's \\'('1"(' (ak('11 fairly dos(' (0 thl' stl'l'nl1l, wlt('I"(' (hI' rin'l" had 1I0t n'n'lllly dtaJlgpd its COllrSl', 0\'('1" l'xlC'llsiH' :Ht'iIS of first-hot tOIlt InJld. Tit I' Hpproxilllnk lo('ntion of HIP soil pl'Ofill'S -I uSNl ill (hl' prl's('ltt innstiga(ioJl is ginJl 011 lht' mnp (fig. 1), :)lId (ltl' dl'seriptioJlS HI'(' as slIbmitted hy (hI' ('olJt.elors.

1 In Ihig liullelill tiw Il'rlll Itrol1h (.11;) nr(lr~ 10 ')0111 tlH' ~cjib tllUi 1111\'t hi'(111 slightly nltenld by snil-forJlling pro('~'s::w~ nIHI to tht' gtloiovir'ui :':Pt'l ion of till' Illlltt'rini.

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5 ALLL'\'IAL l:iUILti UF TUI!: Ml1il:il l:iS I Pl'l BAtil.N

Key to loent iOlls of soil profile'" illdiea tell by nll 1Il1wl' Oil nmp figlll'(; 1.

;l11:';SIS:4I/'I'1 HI\'EI1 1.0\\,LAXI>S

;lfap I.cH"lItiollXo,

C2H72-('2Ui7 ~ I milt' south of X('\\ Alhin~ .\Ilnlllnk{( C'(Iunt~'t lowtl. C'18!10-CIB!I" ,"i mill'S IlOrthwl'st of Cairo, I ff1i1C'l'11St of 4\1 i~:-:is~ippi Hin'r. C:i2Ij.1-~'32~iG I~ 181..2 mileSlwftllPllst. or ,'orn'SI City, St. FrHlI(j!i COlJllly, .\rk. ra2iU-Ca2sl i (j milf's lIorth{'nsl of Lnkt' \ilhlJ! l l, C'hi('ol ('oUJlly. ~\rk. ('lSna-('18H5 i'i milt'S Jlorth\qtst of Ynzoo liil.y, 2' fllilt's wpst of Ynzoo Hi\'pr,

;II iss, -Yazoo ('OUlIl ~

('ISnO-Cl~02 51~ mil(':-; W('5t of Hullill/! Fork, ~hnrkl;Y COllnty. 4\tiS~. CI8S(i-('ISSU (\ ~WI~~,s""lh of Onwnrd, W\'SI silh of t',:" lIi~hwflY ':-;0,111. ,;hllrkl'~' \'\lnnl~',

s ClOlfr-Cl!J21 !,:i lJIilt- north or Ouwurrl. :-:Iwrkt'y COUllty, &\1i~~. u Ca21i1-C:~:'!(ia lS lIIill'S Ilorth of BlitOIl HOIH!t', 'i I"ilts Wl'$1 o( ;\ti~.\'issippi Hin'r, !'oilll!' CUIJ{I('l'

Parish. 1..11. 10 ("a270-Ca27~ 4h! JIlil('~ !-'ourh of nlJll7.Hh~. :! Itlil{'s \\'('$1 (If ,\1 i~si.s:-:iJlpi Hin'r, ~\$(,"'ll:-;illn I'lIrh:IJ,

La. II "IH2:!-C !H2' I 1IIilt\ south of \~wlwt"it~ nmi l ..~ mih\ Wl'~1 of ':\1'ississippi HiY('r, ;;t~ .lnllws Pmish.

La, 12la J.I ],1

C21l1lH'210S ('.l:l/fi (';'31,1

('41/7-('1418

n mil{'s SOUl IWl1st of .1100111:1. Tt'rn'hoIllH-' Pnd:.:h, Ln. Hurrwood. Ln., oul ill Ilw riv('r (Hw-Ihird tlfstnrH'(-' from ll'Cl hank ... :~ rniit'soSoulhl'nt:1 ,of:ml1t1l\\"('st pass. ill (llIlful 11ll.,:!S';'j'I' X.l()IIg-.~!I ~a' \\"', 0111 in Oilif of ,:\11'\if'o, {,lit'h IWHr tJII' point I:lt. 20"0' X., IOJl~. ,~,i ,i2' \r.

IG ~rilk Hh'"r, ;llllih'~ lIorlh\\'"st. of Xashllll, \'/11/,,)' ('Ollll!.),. ;110111,

Ii .\lissouri Hin'r, ,.,!" 1IIi1j111orthl-n~t of '''Orl. 11('ek. \"/11111)' County, ..\lonl.

IS' YI'lioWSlOIW Hh'(lr, 1 milt' ~fJlIt l!I'ast fir ~idl\l'Y, wlisl sidl' or ri\'('r, ~idnl'Y, ).Iont.

1!1 .:'\tissollri Hh"l'r. ~ mill's north or ~Ioljrjdl!l\ \\~nlworlh COllllly. ~~ I>ak.

20 ' I'lillt( Hhtr. J JIliit'SOllthWj'st of ),111\\\'('11, '.liu(olll ('ouniy, :\"(hr.

:!l Arkullsas Hin'r. a milt,s pa~1 of 'Ii'ort J)odg:\', Ford COWIIY. KlllI~.

22 ' \"\f(li!.~ris Hi\"t'r on -8.ta(~ tl i~h\'"n~" il\; i lIIill'S W{'st or \\..ngOlH....r. \\~agOller ('ounty,

Ok].. , (' ~"q \.;, :?SS:J Arknllsa:;; Rin'r. I mill' !"outh of '''all Bun'lI, Crnwfortl ('ounty..Ark. C:.J207-ra:'W!I \rhill' l{i\'t'r. J JIIilt'l1ort)wnsl:of 1)(- \"ulls Bluff, "rulrif.' County, ..\rk. C:;l27;!-(';J27;) ArkulIslis Hh'pr, 2111i1ts IlOrthNIRt of \roodsoll, Pulitski ('''Wily..\rk. Ca~,\2" (':12tH OUfll'hitn Hh'pr. !llJlilt,~ :'(Hlfhw('st of Busirop, ..\I{)n\h()l1~lj !'uri:.;h. La. C'~i27fi (':l:!7S fted Hin'r, 2111i1'-~~I"JlJlPnsl of Alt"wIHlrin, HlIpid('s I'lIri~h, La.

('18!l!H't!JOI Ohio Hh~(lr, a lJIilt's Jlortlu'n:-;t of tluklHHln, III., ill Lh'illl.:,;o'/Oll CUll 11 Pt. Ky., ('tIst. sidl- uf Ohio i{jn'r, 011 K('lltlH'ky ~(JiL

('J\102 ('1\)01 CUllIIJl'rlund Hin'r, 2\:.,' mill':; sOlllh of :-;IIlithlnnd, LiYil1!.!,slulI t~ollnty, 011 $OIH}1 sid!' of rh'I'r.

all l' 1UO;;- ( I iJOi TNIIIt'S!i('(' I{i\'t'r, 10 fIIi1I'S IlOrlhwt-!o\t of \\'u\'I-rly. ~1It1 ftlt frolll ..nsl ~id,' (If rin'r, (Ilimllhnl~'~ County. T('nl\~

J)u('k Hh'('r, -; lJIill'~ lIorlhwt'slllfCollllllhin. ~\lnlJry ('01I1l1y, '1\-1111. ('lilldl Hin'r, (irnillJ,!l'r C'Olillty, ')'l'lIl1., illtl'r!'t'('lion of t.~. ~o, ~tl Hnd rhI'r. BiJ! BhH'k Hin-r, J.I Jllil('$ sOlltJll'U:;1 of \~i('~:-.htJn!, \rnrn'lI ('mJJIl), f \1 iss. Lo('ss IIIUt.t'riol:1 lJ1ill'~ rllJrtlll'n~1 of YI17.IIO City. Ynzoh COllllty, \1 is ....

----j-~-

6 TECH.J.~ICAL BULLEfl'JX sas, u. S. DEPT. OF AGRiCULTURE

\y A BASil SI LT LnA~1

COLTJIDC'WH.-T. n. Ric-C'. J.10CA'J'ION.---l mik souih of N('w Alhin, Allamnin'L' COllnty, Iowu. DESC'IUl"J'ION.--COYl'I of bluc' grass; OIH'n for'pst of plm, mupl!', birch,

nnd ush. Flut nrc'a of fin;;t bottom; wnl('r stnrek n.t 90 incitc's Iwlow surf:1eC'. No iributllri('s of nil)" Si7.l' (,lltpr thp~lississippi nt'll!' th is lo("n Lion.

(,2[)72,O (I) 10 illelw;;. Dnl'k-iJrowlI, hf':1I',' ,Sill loalll.

('2073, 10 (0 25 illeli(';;. Bille!;, "ill I' l'1:L\' iOaJll wilh failll Iml\\'11 sitlin~.

('2074, 2R (0 ,12 illl'Ii('~. (:my, fi,III"sand,I' IUlllll wilh IIIIIII'S 01' p"l'kl'l,.; IIf ('Ia.\'.

(,207:j, 11 I() (j2 illl"lip;;. Hlnek .~i1II l'inl'.

('21)70, (iR to 7X illl'lu';;. Ural' ('Iu\,' IWllil.

('2!}77, XO 10 H,I illl"IJ(''';. J)a l:k-lJlti ish, faililly ,;(ailll'd ~illy ('Iny.

II I LEY SILT 1.0\ .\1

C'OJ,L I';C'l'0 I{S, \\-. E. 1 1 (':I rll :lllc! H. S. Ilolll1('s. LOC.I'I'W.\'. X mill's llortl)\\'('s\ or ('niro, I lIlill' (,:1st Ill' thl' ~Iississippi

\{ il"t'r, rl'Om n n nl'!':1 10(':111), kllOWll :IS Dogtooth B('lld, Alpxn lldN ('Ollllty, III.

Ih:sc'lul':l'l()x. (;('lllly ulldtdnlc'd lil'st boltolll :lbol'(' ril'PI' leVl'1. Thl' :11'(':1 of bottoll1 Inrlel nt thi;.; poillt is rath('r pxlroll'll spot s.

('OLLE("I'OIt. \Y. T. ('nrl('/'.

L()(',I'I'IO.':. (j Illih';,; 11(1I'th(,lI;.;t of LlIk(' \'illn~t'. C'lti('ot County, Ark.

Ih::-H'luI'TIO.':. 'I'ltis soil O(,(,ttpips fI:l!, poorl,Y dmillt'd nn'us, heu.vily

t iml)('l'(ld lI"illt SIl('('i('s or onk Hlld otill'l' 11H1'I1\\'ood tn'I's. III pillet'S dl'ltillil~(" tltOttg'1t sloll', is u

ALLL:TIAL SOJLS OF T.HIi: '\[[88[:::;S[1'1'J HA1:i[X 7

YAZOO SIIfI'Y CLAY LOA"

C'OLLEC'r011S.-\V. E. 1il'Hrll i1lld IL :-;. IToll1lf's. LOCA'rION.-5 mill's lIor(I\\H'sl of Yazoo City. 2 mile>; W('S( of Ynzoo

.RiYN, Ynmo COllnly, ::\[iss. . D];;SCRIP'l'IOS.-'l'his soil is ('xtpnsin in nn'a; dOll1illnnll.,' ]('\'(,1,

smooth sur[acl'; dol'S not ondlo\\, Crcqu('lItly. Tltl' lnl'w'r part of (hl' urNl is undpl' ('lllth'ntion to ('olton, Cal'll, fllId It'glllllillotis el'Ops.

('1893, to G illchrs. Lig-ht-lJro\\"1l 01' g-1'll.yish-bro\\11 silty ('Ia.\ 11lHII1. ('1894,8 t,o 2' illc'lll's. B1l1i::lh-gray or durk-g-nlY silty day, JIIo(II"d with !'lIst

brown. ('1~9.'i, 2\ t,o (i~ indll's, Lig-Iu-g-r:t,\' ela~', IIllltll('d wit,ll rllsl broWII.

Sll.'\ 1\" IS)' CLA Y ('OLLI';C'l'ons.--W. ]~. Hpu1'll nnd I{. S. llol111l's. I.O(,'\~l'lON.---;i!~ milt,s ,,'('st of Holling I"ol'k, :-;llIlrkl'Y COllllty. ::\fiss. Ih:SCHTP'l'ION.-This an'n of :-;lllIl'k('\- soil is I'ulll('/: ('xtl'llsi ,:'tie ,;ill,\' ('lay, IIIOltlp

8 'l'EClL.'\lCAL BULLE'l"lX 833, U. S. uEP'l'. OF AGHlCt]LTCHE

In an cxcfi\'ation 14 fcet dcep, a la1'g(' n urn b('1' ofla.yr.rs of difl'e1'ell t material were observed. Some of t.hese la:n'rs werC' \'C'1')' thin find consisted of weU-dC'eomposed orgnnie mnl tN', silt, or day. Apparently it has taken a Imlg limr. to bllild up the dl'llIt material to a thie,kness of 50 t,o (iO r('('\.

Sumples of mat('1'ial wCrt' tak('ll rroIll tlH' wl'll al till' rollo\\'illg d('pllts: ('19In, 1.4 fcci:.. B1l1i~h-l!;l'a.y sill.\ ('I:t.\. CHlt6, 18 feet. Lil!;ht-I!;r!lY sill loalll. ('1917,25 feet. Gm,\' silt I(JIll II. ('1918,40 feci:. Gnt\' >:all(1\o IOIlIIl. ('1919,58 to H8 feet,' Ora\: ;;allch' Inalll. ('1920.70 to 80 feet. COII'lposl'd'oi" II IlIixtnrt' or !rI:lC'\;. bl"O\\"lI. lind \\'hill' ('oal'sl'

HIllld \\"ilh rath('1' clrllll ;;lIl'r:l("I'~. ('1921, 100 f('pl. Lighl-hl'owl! ":llld~' IOllll!.

COLI.l':C"I'OR.-\Y. T. C'nrl

'l'ECHX1CAL BULLJ

10 'l'ECl:L'\ll'AL BULLET'IN 833, U. S. DEPT. OF AGHICULTUHE

COl . .J.>Ec'rOH.--)'L ,T. Edwflrds. LOC:\,I'ION.-~-1IissOliri HiYer, )2 mile northpflst of Fort Prek, "ulley

County,1\Jont. ('3002, 0 to R inelw:,. j\!()dpJ":11pl~' 1](,:11'.'" (hlrk-gm~' elay. C8008, 1.'i to 30 inclip:;. Dark-gray ,;i1ly rlay. C300-l, 80 to 15 inehcs. Light-gray :-

11 ALLUV.IAL :-;OI.LS OF T}m i\IIHH.IS:-;IPP.I BA::;'.LN

LINCOLN LOA"

C'OI,J,J;;c'J'on.-E. G. Fi(~patJ'i('k. LOCA'I'WN.-Al'kunslts Hi"!'I',:i mill's l'astor Fort Dodg-(', li'ol'd COUllt.V,

Kans., nbout 30 [('pi [I'om tI\(' Iivpl'. C200.J, 0 ff) 10 iIlChl'''. (lm.li"h-I"OII1I frin!>l!' IOlllll. The Illulprinl i;.: 1.'1111.'111'('011;;. ('290.5, 10 (0 18 illclH's. (:rnyi"h-I)/'oll'lI fill!' sandy loa III , Hligli(I.I' COlllpac(, Ilnd

calc/II'POIIS. (,2906,18 to ao il/ch('s, ;\/olllprI, ,n'lIoll'i~h-IlI'O\\'I/ allrl .!.(I'a,\' fillC' ~alld ('ol/Inining'

a fell' call'il/II' "lIrllollltil' p('IlIlI!'s. ('2907, 10 10 5:j int'I,,'s t, (:r:lyi"II-I)I'()\\'1I gl':/I'plly s:Ind, IILI'g,'I.I' qlllU'Iy. alld

f('lrI;,:pllr,

)'OI/ClUI 1.0\)1

COI,I.I>;("I'OI{, , K O. Fil,;patl'i!'k, Lo(':\ '1'1 ON.-' Al'kallRHS Rin'r, ) III iiP SOli 1 h of \Tnll BIII'I'II, ('rll.wfo('(1

('()Ill1ty, Ark,

(,2881,0108 illl'llI';':, I{NlrIish-IlI'ol\'n, 1(lo:'p, fd:tI)l" IOfflll,

('28~2, 18 I'll ao jl/eill's, !l(>ddi"h-IlI'IIII'I/. 1'(,1'\' filII' SIIIl(iI' lou Ill,

('2883. :30 10 :38 illeh(>s, H"ddi:-:JI-Il/'(lIl'II, I,pr~' filII' sl1l1d~' 10:1 Ill.

1'011'1'(.,\ "II SIIfI'Y CLAY LOU\

C'o I. I. IC(HI'O I!, "'. '1'. ('al'l ('1'. LO(,A'I'ION.- Arkallsas Hi\'(,I', 2 mill'S lIol'thl':lst of "'OOciSOIl, Pillaski

('OUllty, Ark. D/o;SCHlp:I'ION.-- 'I'his is II Ihl, slowly dl'uiJ1l'd soil. ~11I('1i of lhl' lalld

is IIsl'd ror n.lfnlrn, ('Ottoll, :1-11.1 ('ojlI. C'827a, () 10 10 illl'hp", Hl'llll'/I "ill I' "I" I' 11111111.

('827/, 10 II) 20 illelH',-, HI'OII'/I "il'l I' ('1;,.\' IO:lIli.

C827ii. 2(; '0 18 i/lcllt~ !lI,ddi,,":I)J'(lIi'lI "illy (Iny.

('OLLb;CTOIL K G. 1"il~pnll'ick, LOCA'I'lON. Vl'l'dig-l'is Rin'l', 12 llIill' south or rin'r hl'itig-l', 011 Slat('

Hi~.dl\nl,Y t\o. li1. 7 lllilps \\'('st or \rag-OIl!'I', Wa.g-OIH'1' COllllly, Okla. ('20R I, 0 I () :'> illclt(", / )ark-hrulI'lI loalll. C20R2. l(i to 2,1 j1](,"

12 TECHNTCATJ BULLET'IX 833, U. S. DEPT. OF AGHICUL'l'GRE

DJDSCRll''lJON.-The sn,mple was tn,kcl1 from It poorly dl'fl,illl'd t!.1't'IL lying (dong the Oultehitn Hiwl', whi('h dl'lI,ins Uu', CoostuJ Plain soils In.l'gcl.v, nlthollgh son1{' tl'ibutnril'S ris(' in Olln,chitn. Pn.l'ish. 'Vn.tcr and willow oo,ks n.nd otiH'1' tn'ps grow thiekly.

('3282, 0 to 8 in(,hes. Om.,' sill loam II'Hh yellow alld bl'oll'll splotches. C3283, 8 to 20 incll('s. ;\101 ll('d ~I'ny and ~'('II(l\\, liill loalll. ('3284, 20 to 38 illche,d'. HnilH'1' compact g1':l.,l' nlld .' plio\\' III0 I tlNI hNW,I' liilty

clay. mLLEH CLAY

C'OLI,BC'l'Olt.---':\Y. T. CU1'll'1'. LOCATION.-H.('(l lliH'r, 2 mil(,s SOIiUll'ftst of AIl'xond1'in, Hupides

PU1'ish, .Ln. DI'SCHIP'I'lON.-This soil ()(,(,II1'S ill flnt nn'ns find hilS slow dl'niJllIg'("

It is highly p1'odlll'livp ulld ",h(,1'(,

13 ALLI'YIAL ::;OJLS OF TI:H~ :~\,[I::;SIS:-;IPPI BASIS

HUXTINGTON SILTY CL,\Y LOAM

COIJLECTons.-W. K IINt]"1I and 1{. S. Bolnll'S. LOCNl'ION.-1O mi}Ps llortll\\'('sl of WaY('I"I;v, l!umphn'.\'s County,

Tenn.; about 200 feet from till' TCllll('SS(,(' H.in']' OIl UI(' pnst sidp. 01905, 0 to 10 inches. Brown silt loam, mcllow ulld friable. 01906, 12 to 3G inches. Dark-browtl silty clu~' loam, Itl'll\'Y and ~Iil!;htly Cillll\1ac!. C1907, 40 In 90 iIlPhf';';. Light-brown ~ilty ('iH~' loam, finll fllld It

14 TECHNICAL BULLETL.~ 833, U. S. DEI',!', OF AGHICULTUHE

METHODS OF 'LABORATORY EXA\II;\ATION

All soils were ail"-dl"ied, puln'l"i,w(\, and pns!wd thl"Ough n. 2-mll1, sic-vP, Gl"an,ls n.nd stOlll'S Inl"l.!;l'1" tlUIII 2 Illlll, ill dinlllt'tl'1" WI'I"{' discnnlt-d, '1'1\(, slIbsHlIIpie" of l;otll tlw soil nlld colloid sPil'etl'd for chemicnl n.nulysis Wl'l"l' ~l"OlIlId to pm;s t 1II'()lI~h fI si('v(' of SO ll\('sllI's to the iuch,

11l'cilnlli('nl nllnl)"sc's W(,I"(' lII:1d(' hy tit!' pip

l;')

~frsslssl PI') I{" Ell 1,0\\1,\" I/S

~IEC"\~IC'\L \"-.\LYSE:" OF TilE \UX\) .\1. SOILS

III tubl(' I :1/,(' }!iY(,ll tll(, d:l(1! for tllf' 1II('('llIllli(':lIIlIl:JlyS('S 1'0)' profll(,,.; of tl!ltl\'io! soils ill Ill(' :'1 issis,.;ippi I{in'r lowlands imd t hp sllppns('dly J'p!nt(d s('dillWllts from (hI' (;1111' of :'ll'xi('o. The' pJ'Ofil(,,.; :1)'(' (:11111Inttt1 ill 1]11' (1)'(/(')' of thvir O(,('IIJ,),('l}('(' niOlIg' til(' )'in')' 1'),0111 1I0!'! II to south. '

'1',\ B I,fi 1. .11 ('cil(lll ical (llIf/l!fs('.~ ol tI,, (Ill II/'i" { Nflil., I!f till ,1/ I""i.,,,ippi '" il'! r [o/l,/rll/lh I \\,,\11,\:-\11 :-\11:1' L{)A~1.1 :-1 I I.!': SOI'TII OF :-:I':W ,\1.111),;, .\LI .\\I.\I{I;I; ('1)1,,'1 Y.ln\\.1

Firw Coar~I' .\1tdillTll ,..iUl \'I'I'~' Hili gran-) .-.iilt ~ 'lu~ ()rgarlit:iu III pl(1 No. 1),.,,1 II .'nll!! salld ~Hfld :-.nlld ('! I II 0.:. ,0.;; (l.:!r. HL:!.-t n.' \H.I 11.11:; ifLo." (l.on:! 11i'~i~t~l~~ln IU:.IU,r !l1I1I.1 llIlII.) fllJlI.l HIli!. ' U1IIL; HUH

HUll h~ 11,0,

hulll'~\' I Ja("('Itl /'nala !)t'rrt'ul /)trc(,111 flUff Itt /'tfl:nd IJfrnol /J"rcttllC2t"i~ H-IH n (1.1 "J', FlU "'I,~ ('OI'XTY, IHK,

(':{:!{j,1 0-, II U.2 " :1 n . i n.:1 :17 .. ."';ti,ti -t. -;C:~:!ii.i ~-:!" II .2 :.! I I. ;( ;\, :1 tti., :"""', , (':J~jtlj ~O-II .1 I I. I :\7 , ,i!l. ;{ ~ ,j ,.,/IAltKI;Y ('I,A\', Ii .\/11,1,;'; ,,()HTlrEA,":')' of 1.\Io~E \ 11,1, ..1/01-:, ('111('[1'1' ('01 :\T\" AIIK.

l ~:{i.!j'~t n..~ (1.1 1\ n.'.! II ;\ l:!. ~I :-1. II '1~ 11 C:j:!~n " :!o " II .1 .. iill.:2 :~; (';\2,1 :M :')(1 II" II ., :U'. ;i Ii:.!' :\ " ...' YA7.00 .:'lI.T\, I'I .\\' 1.0\\1 ... \lll.E~ \'IlHTII\\'I,;":T III' \'.\7.

16 TECJl:\IC',\L !H'LLETI:\ ~:;a. l', ;'., DEPT, (IF .\(:HI(TLTl'HE

'1',\ IlI.f: ! " .11ee/ta 1/ iral (/ /lol!l,w's (!( Ihl' 1I11'I1'io/ ,

17

Tht' snillpl('s of tltt' first two (Jl'o(il('s. [11(' 011(' fronlllori1wl"Il I OWl! 1I11d th!' otlt PI' 1'1'0111 sou titt'1"Il III illois. C'OIl til i II ('ollsid t'l'a hi" III OJ'(' sUlld t It all do tlH' otlt!'1' snmples tnk!,11 SOlltlt of ('niro fl'Om tit'!.' 1II'('n C'OI 111 II 011 I." kllown as tlt('~fississiJlpi lowl:Illds. Tltis is to 1)(, l'XIW(''d. ils III(' uPI)('r ~fississippi Rinl' :lllcl its tl'ihllt:ll'ic's flow onl' il IIIIICIt Itigltel' grHdic'ld tltnll do til!' lowl'l' ~Iississippi :lIld its lowlnlld tl'ihut:ll'il's \\,lti('h ltilY(' :l slope of Ic'ss I h:lll (i ill(,It('s IWI' lIlilt'. Tltt' s:lIl1plt's of till' ~[ississippi Illllll'illill 1.I'illg SOlltlt of Iltp 1I1011ih of tiIt' Oltio, rt'prt'st'lltilig Ihe first no to 70 illl'lt"s, til'(' ('ollipost'd lal'gt'l.\" of silt lllld day. Tltl' nl'(,l'llg(' of (\1(' [olnl sn.lld ('ollll'lit of liIt's!' sampl(,s is ollly :i.7 IWI'('t'llt :\lld t Itat of I iI(' sil I lmd ('la.I' ('xpn'ssnl in wltol(' 1l1l111lwl's is 50 (:iO.OS IWI'('('nt) HlI(I 45 (44.HH !)Pl'('I'IIt), l't'sIHdinly. \'C'l'.v fill!' Silllds ('om post' I It I' I1lajor- port iOIl of tit!' tnl:d s:lllcls. AI t It 0 lIglt tltl' nllu "i:d soils nn' ('olllposl'd nllllOsl wltolly of I'C'I'Y fill(' sUllds, silt, :1l1d ('IllY, Iltl' I'utios of tltc'SI.' ('OIlIJ)()lll'llls 1':11',1" widl,l." 1'01' dif1'pl'(,llt :n'N\S. nUl'illg inulldntioll of lltl' lowlnll

18 TECH.:\lCAL llCLLET'IX S::::3, c, s, IH~l'T, uf AGHI('l'L'ITHE

'I'll(' Yn7.0O pf'ofill' ff'om llC'n I' Ynzoo Ci t,v, :\ Iiss, til(' Rohi IIsoll\'illl' ff'olll nl'nl' Baton Rou~r, La" nlld tIll' Robinsonyilk ff'om n(';, I' Ynchf'l'ir, Ln,. W{'I'(I all fOf'I1I('I'ly ('Iassifi('d ns Ynzoo soils, Tlws(' (hf't'l' soil pf'ofil('s, though fnf' 1'~'Ill()n'd frolll ('neh othl'l', nl'l' V{,f'y similaf' ill Ilwchnnic'nl composition, Th('il' mnjof' ('olllI)Onpnt is silt, whil'h g'pnl'f'nll)' d('('l'pnsl's in quantity with d('pth whe're'ns thl' eln,v ('ontent illel'paS('S, This nIHy lw dul' pnrtiall," to illu"intion, hut most pf'()lwhl~r the mnjol' (,:1I1S(' is thp f'(lstrit of n lllOl'P Il,unk into till' cI('('I)('1' )0;0('('11lrl,\' Itanlalld lIIod!'l'Ht!'ly lti).(1t ill lIIilll'l':li ('olltellt".

Th('t'(, nt'(' n lIullIhl'l' of IInll'ilig ,n,lls ill III II I ill tltl' "il'illity of Om\'lm! nnd. HollillgF'o1'k t Itn t 111'(' ROO to 1,200 fl't'! dl'PP wi 1 h flows fl'lll1l :~o t.o 40 gnllOlls IWI' rnilllli

20 TECH~ICAL BCLLETIX 8;~3, C. S. D~~PT. OF AGlllCCLTFRE

two dominflllt soil s!'riC's thilt Tl1'p

21

;:;'0'1: t--:r.. .r,;~'1'::: ,=-=r.. -'::~'';'':I-':I': ,.: ..:,": .r:.r:-i

~~~~~~~ .~ ...,

~~I:

2:! TECHXICAT.. BlTLE:T1X 8:33, l'. :';. DEPT. Ol~ AGHICI;L'fUHE

:-I..r.~

-.::..r::.:: CJ;CI'

.::=,..:,..: 1-:;';:::'-:-;:::: ,..:,..: r , ,..: ,..: "r

~~=~ ::

~=f... ;~~=~;:; - ::

~~:: ::

3;;~$ ~.....:....:....: ::

~~:~~ L:::1~1r:~

::

C_=~l :"';'l;=~j

,~= ~ t=

;;::!c=~7 ~:-:~t;'I:-; '''''':

';':1-:':-1,-:-1.0.=, C'1'Z'I::O'

-,.'==-!'".:: I-.r. ~Ir."":-i-

. 'f.

;:::: :f, ~ :1 7~ ~ ;: ~---:'I

:..

% :... :...

:..

- :.... :: ::~fE=,~ f.

'I. .r ""!":::I_,;,i~~-----:::=

::: ::

'": f :::: --~I

- ::::-. " :::--::: ~.

% - ~:;:~f

~,:,i":,i:,,i.;;:~r~~ :-I-:,i ':"1 ':"1

::: ~:'~f.7S2 -:-i-:"I:"''''';-'''':'''';

-~.

::r~

"~~ :::

:,.. ::

;~~

::: .J: ::::

~

.. :....

::;;~~ E....;....:....: ::

.... -:-i...:.....: i:~~~; ~:;~ ....;....:....;

::;!i=.=~:;~ ""':,:"i':'l,:,i-";-:

;::::

" 0

fULlHKE\' ':II.TY i'I..I\", .p" \111,1;': ':()I'TH 01.' ilO:-\Z.II,F~, \":("E,..;jt)'\ 1\I{I~il. 1.\

C:l27IJ (I .. 71.!'.... II 74 J:i 1111 .j 2~ II. U,'l I) !rj' I. :1I !H) 11.7;1 O. I" II. I~ av; II!II.IIO '.PO :t 2i II Ii i n.6 C:l2il ,..., 24 ill 1,1 n2 I~ )" '1 ,I . I IIi: 1.11.-. :,' ..", Jlf I IIi II" :!. H(~ }j) 1 ;1j a, on Lilli 'Iii ., f)" I C;~2;2 21,h+ 71i !l~ ,Ii., 11. ~I~ :~ ~h II 71 Lflll L;il . 'I II!I n.... It :!. \,i !)I '2H :U( ,51\ .):} 7.3

IWIlI""O"I'll.I,I; "11.'1' 1.1).\\1, I \lII.E ,",OI'TIl 01: 1'.li'HEIl"';. "'I'..1.1.\1(-;" ".IHI":;I, 1..1. ;;.

(' 1~/::!2 (HI 7' li.i n Ii,"; 11.1111 :.! ~.~i fl.()li II ....; {I. ill :.!.l .... I au 0, ' iI. :h 1 HI mil, :1.111 1.5;. 0.11.... .1.tl .. t ~1!J:!:J W:.?t 7:!.,ti 71' I:l ;1 2(1 II' ~ ~ll t '!! ..... 1 t ell .111 3.:h Pn. 1;1 4. W 1.20 117 .. I.) .- t'" ,"'PJ2l 1"1 .... /1 ifl .....U ,.. II II I;):! fit; ~I:! I, .~ 1 ;; :~ .... !I:l 11.... " " a. tin Ill!), .j:! 1:1" .7,'j on Ii ~ --:

;;.. r-'"II.IIU'J-;)' ('l.IY, Ii \III,E.~ ':ul'THE.I":'!' OJ>' HIJi'.II.\. TEllHI;/lO""I; 1'.\lll"H, 1,.1.

~ C'-:!llIli (I--tl .i~' !It tI "'t. W {'\l \1 :!~I 0.117 L II 2. ;,a 1,7 11.21; li.:!ti Ill:! ,. Ii "'5 IOt~..111 Ii ,~ A:!\I Ij.:!\ :; ~ I r-'{','I", HI ~I ."iH.II' .. 2'1 '1 Ii ';0 'In 1 II!I ~ :.!Ii Ijf I~ I; I" Ii :',1 1'1\ :!I !I :!'I 2. 'HI I; ;- I :t,r':!III, h .... 0 rill. I' .7ti ;.!f1 f1:i 7.00 . HI I.:.!II :!.7.; fi!, .110 .1;' 2'} " .i !II lilil. I~:! :1.11f1 1:1 7.1"'. iH" ::;

"Ell!~IV:-\T FHO;\t ('11.I:\;\Er. OF TilE ~1()l"l'lI OF T!lE '\11:-'~I""II'I'1 lun':H .IT Bl'l!l!\\'()()j" l'I..\(Il'1:\IIXE~ !'.IlUMI, I,~I,

cr..illi I) : .. 1 Ii:! ~h, 11i JtI It III fl. 11 :! ;;;. :l,1I1 :l ;~l '2.:i!l 11. I, 1I.:!1 I.hi :.! Ii:! IOU, ;.~ :i.OI u,~ fl. II K:l ~ " 71 :..

~EIJI.IIE"T (-,H(I\I~; \, .~," ,111''1'111';.\':'1' OJ.' "1J!"f'II\I'E

24 TECHXLCAL BOloLE'!'IX 833, U, S, DEPT, OF AGHICULTUHE

Examination of tht:' datn, for th(' 'Ynhnsh soil pl'ofik nt N('w Albill, IOWfl'l shows it to 1H' highly stl'ntifi('(l. Thp lllu(t'l'iul fl'om 0 to 25 illclH's is I'nlh('l' cOllslnnt ill (C'xlu'!'(' and ('hl'mienl ('olllposilioll, {,Olllpospd Inl'g('ly of sil( fllld cln,\' (hnt ('olltnin 110 cn\('illlll :1S ('ul'bollu(l's; it is m(h('I' high ill o!'i;lllli(' mu( (1'1' nlld hus u pI r of Ii,n, '1'11(' llInil'\'inl from 2R to 42 ill('hrs is II1I1('h ('onrs('I' in ('xl urI' (hnll (1)(' nhon' stl'nt.Ulll und hns ollly hnlf flS llIueh cln,\'; it ('OIlIHins nbnu( n,o pt'I'('('nl CnCO:1 (assumillg nil tht' CO2 (0 Iw 1'1'0111 C'ul('iull1 (,:1l'hona('), It is low in ol'galli(' lllail('l' nnd hus u pH of 7,9, 'l'h(' a1>o\'(' stl'fllllm iH IIndednill by n, Hll'fllUll1 from 44 10 02 in('hc'H of rntiH'1' hln('k lllntl'l'iul ('olllpoHl'd Inl'gpl;\' of silt fllld clfI~T, This laypl' IWl'hnps f'('PI'('t;PIlU,~ thl' PI'('ngl'icultlll'Hl sUl'fn('(' soil in (hi' hottOlll, I)('fon' sh('l't l'l'osion took pln('l', Thismutl'l'inl COlltains but liltll' ('n I('ill III UH (,1Ii

25 ALLl'VLAL SOI.LS OF TH~: 1\1 ISHI::;"I!'PI BASIX

the Shnl'ke~T profilc Ill'fll' Ollwflrd, }'liss. (CIR86 to (1889), nnd the nutkrial from the we,ll lIcurby (CHIli) to CHl211. All the mnt('l'ini ('xamincd hom the well ('oll'tninC'd Rlllnll but \'urying' IImounts of carbonates, 'I'1H' pH ntiu('s \'Hl'i('d from 7.7 to S,1. Tht, hi~h and variablP ('ol1tcnt of sfln(1 ill the' hnn'l' RI rnln of the> w('1] profi!(' pl'Ohihi'ts n fnil' ('ompnrison of thl' citl'mieal cotnpositioll of tltis mllt(,l'inl to lhnt of th!' Shnl'kl'~T sorl profiks, A, IWUPI' eOI1(,l'ptioll of thl' compositioll of til(' e1nys of this 1l1:lIl'rinl IlHly Iw hnd f!'Om suhseClltl'nt data fol' tilt' ch('mienl ('om]losition of tll

26 TECHi\lCAL BllLL1

TAIlI." :l.-CI/I'J//i!'a/ (/1/U/lI-Sl's of the 11/1111'[11/ wii ("II/ioids oj" thl' .lIi.s,~i.~8ippi Hiut'1' iOll'i(/I/r/.s I

WAIl.\"lI ';11/1" L(}A~I. I .\111,1'; I'O{HI'll OF X"W ALIlIX. ALLA~lAKI':I': ('OFX'I'Y, IOWA

! (10111- hmi. ~ ()r~nn-~mJlph' :\:0. 1)"1'11\ :::;Hh '1';0, .\l,(), 1'1"Il, :11110 ('aO ;\I~() KlO ~a:!O l'lO, SO, CO, bill(1d TOlal tioll 'ic ItIn!

\,:111('r IO!:i~ lpr -~~.- ~-.. !-

I}lf/If.'! J~u(,(111 j-'t'f{'t'llI ['tn'flll j'Ut'fli1 j)tn'flll 1)1'(('('/11 I'('fcrlll 1)1'(('(:111 Pt'fCt,'lIf } JU (,l'lIl /t('((.'('III, /'{'(I'cl/l l'acNlt jJa ('t1l1 jJerct:ul, l"Jat'tulI C~?H7:! o III Ih.lJ~ (J.;i"l 2:{'2;~ Il.lH 0.17 :!.:"i2 1.!l1 Lfi!! 11.15 O.:tf) !l.P"; 0 1O.11'IO:l.UIi ii.Oj" ;.1.1 ~ ,....C~'ilia I/l !!;j ;')1. If} .:.:; 20.07 1~.nH .0, ::!.72 I. sa L :il t7 :\.1 .os II H.lj'\ 1 n~:!2 14.()2 .1. ~'i ("~>(1'1 ;11. ~2 .:iU2" 12 lil.II' 12. 10 .12 a.11i 2. i:{ I. :1I os :{7 .Il!! 11 So S~ ITI.:O'I I:l.:n I. S'i ...: ("~)7;1 I-I-n:! ;.1. II ,;i,1 ~n. HI 1I.I)a I~ a.1I :?til l.liS :!.i .:10 .iI" 0 S, .11 P)l. 27 II.S1 :1.(;) ;;..C'2Hi"fi (;,~ IS r.1../II 5~ Itt. HI! I!!. 711 .0' :t 1:1 2. li2 1.111 IS a1 . OJ {} .s. 50 Inl.ml 11.,1[\ , :\.~a( '2Hii ~n-tJ,l 52.oa :'\1\ II,SO l:tHil 07 :1.:\1 2.IiO 1.~S :\1 :!:) . (i:i II 7. til \10.01 In. (j:! 2.01 t"

c/. e

HILEY :'11,'1' LilA.\!, , .\!II,"~ \"(JHTIII\'E';'L' OF \\IIIW. ALI;;X,\,III';I{ ('O\"'I'"\'. ILL. t" c/.

C't'-;HI; II 12 n(l,."i~ n. ;iU :.!I. (.i !I, ~j 11.0;' 1,11 2.Hl 2.21 1I.7a n. ~I O.1I1l () 10.12 100..\0 12.20 ~.:I\ e('1-'117 Ui~:{(:. ;~2. S,l , fi~ :!Llti Ill. Ii!) .117 1.111 2.7S 2. IS :i:.! , Oil IJ Soli lon.li2 II.lIS :~. :m ~ CIS!);' lIlfi' :il.lill , [in ~II. a.; {If li2 .2:\ 1.21 2. i'~ 2. ill .J.!

II .21 00 n 7.7:' 1011. (;7 n, ~!I 2. :J2

>-i ::c

I'I.\"TIII"{ ('I..IY. I~I" .\!II.I:~ ,OWI'IIE,II"!, 01,' FOHHEI'T (TIT. "'I'. FIUX('I" ('OI:"'I'Y..IHK. t': !7

\':12IH II' ;:,:!.\~ 0, ;It! ~a. li7 X. ;i1 n. {}. 1.:\1 2.511 1,(11) II. 01 fJ. 22 O. II (I 8.84 lOll. 21 II. \12 a. ;;,(321i.=. ,20 .ia.110 Ii:! 2a. 12 S, ti or. I I, 2. ;/1 I. iU (17 . Iii .07 I) S. iI 1'):J.as 1fl.1I2 2.tlli .J. C:{~Hn ~~III m.1lI .fili 2:t 20 ,\{. ~:i n1 1.112 2. 4~ I. i:! .11 ,(II 0 S.0 11111. Iii n.sl 1.211 T. on

:/.:/.

:'II.IHKEY ('LAY. Ii ~1I1,E;; "OWI'IIE.I"'!' 01' I,AKE I"ILLAUE, ('HI(,DT (OL','!'Y. AHK. '" '" ( ':}:!TH (1-;0\ il~. U2 O.li5 :!:!.liO n. :1~ u. U7 J..Ii ':!.~H :!.4i U. :12 0.25 0.1:1 11 7. ;i:1 IOO.lI:1 n. (j~ 0' "Ii (":j~,,() ,"'I-,:,~Ij r,:t 12 ,'ia ~:!. j;1 \l.~1 Oil 1..\1 2.Sfi ~ 1Ii .:1lJ Ii , 14 o Ii.SIi UI'I.HlI 0.21 ~: fir. ~(':12.,1 :W< [If I .'l:t5S ,'lS 2:!.,1} lI.OS .07 1.'1 :I.H 2.22 .:?!l .1:1 ~ 12 II i.1\ 11I1l. I!I, S. Il!I I. fii if.

~ Y.IZOO 1'11:1')" (,1,.1)" 1.0;\:\1. :ii\IIL"" ;,\OI{'I'H\\"I:';T OF YAZOO (,I'I'Y, YAZUO cor:\'I'Y, :11188,

('J,!n (11; .i2. III II.:1 ~", III H. 02 11.11. 1.1:1 :!.07 2. !!4 11. as ' II. a1 lUIS i () "'.51;' WO.:!I 10.70 'La:.!(' I,HI s--2\ 5:t 2S .l~1 :!:!. [In ll.:n , On I. OS ~..\1 2.1:1 a~ . .:lIJ .1I1i ' II ~.Ill ' 1011. II H.;'H I.:!;')rl"!1.1 :!!-ns ;jl. III il~ :!a. Ill) s. U:.? 0.) 1.01 2.lifi I.~i .M .I!l ,Illi II i. ,a 1I1Il. 2(1 S. 12 I. Oi

~ ~

~t'I'lt'"IIJI}r('~ al ('rtd o( luhltl.

http:1'):J.as

',1'.1111,1,3.' (,heliliclil (l/lttl!Jses of IiiI' IIlllll,illl soil. colloids of Ihe .\!i,;si8.~i/Jpi Nit",!' iOll'lrUHis COlltillued t..;> 00

SIIAltKEY CL,\Y, f,'" :\111,1-::; WE:-\T 01' JWI.I.I:--:n I'OltK, :-\IIAltKI';Y ('ill''''!'Y. :\!If;f;.

SnlllJlh\ :\0. P('prh S{(}z TW, .\1,0, I,.,,(), SinO ('nO ':\IWJ K,O :--:",!) )',(1, '~Ol co, ('0111 .. hilli,1 warl't

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Pacelli .j:!. SI) ;j2. '~Ii ;,a. O~

Pt'f('t.'flt !'at'flll n.fi.'t !?a. lH

tin, ~:tl)ll ill} ; 2:1. I'

Pacelli S.:hi tl.~!1

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/ '(,{(,t'/ll ~. 2'\ 2.,122.:m

l't (("('Ill ~. la ~.:l:1 ~.a:1

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fl{'n'llll 11.11

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l'en'flll II I) n

"('fce/,f Ijt.'rr/~lIt s. Pi IIl'J.n9 ,~, iii 1011..~1 7.ITi ! tnO.4l3

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.';IUHKI'" :-\11:I'Y ('L\Y 1,OA:--I, 1\ ~IILE" "01''1'11 01' O:\\\',\ltJ), :;IIAHKI'" ('01''''1')", .\U:-\S. t"t" t'l 8

('lliSn elSS, CI;",,' Cls""n

I) 12 J:!,lli IH..!lfl :11Hlll

fit.!IO ."l:'?, iO ,j:!. HI ;;:1..1',

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H.IIP .Oi .Il.i ,117

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11 11 II II

s. ~\1 IOO.5ti 1 II.no 7. fiT 1011.:11 1 !I. 00 7.45 ml.!lfi ! n.77 7. 71) : HIli. 50 !I. ~~)

:I.UI 1.5[, 2.M I. Ii:!

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"" "" :\1 AT I': Itl A L J'HO.\I ,\ \\'1, I.!, I., :\11 I, I,; "0 HT II () I' 0:'\\\'.\ II n, ';11.\ It KEY ('0 I' .';TY. '\ff:'K ~

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III .is u~ r.S '., I

1I1i1

.12..""" ii2. ,)-, .-l~. 17 ,12, lH .i:1.411 ;11. un :12. ,"10

O.fiti tJ2 .7:! .72 .71 .J)) .11-1

:!I. ~I 21. -I.; ~1I 110 :11.0.1 21. ':1 !!:L~'" :!'2.72

!l.:m III. :U; Ill. II 11.(10o.:m .',.fill :";.,~2 '

IJ.I)~ .OJ .lti .11 .11.' , .111 liP

1. 7,1 I.,"'!) I. I~

!II .n, ,in .tH

~. 1:\ '1.,12 ~, il 2./1 2..t0 1.";(\ 1.0,

~. :11 2.1:1 :!. IS :? :!O ~, 1:\ 2..il ~. ;if)

1I.li ;,).,

.;i'1

.71

.~fi ill .70

II. I, ' ;~'.!

:r; ,j!! .21 '2~ ".!u

O. OJ .11" .In .111 .Ilj , .m, .W

0 (I

u 0 II 11 (I

S.12 :-. !I;~ s. :!7 s.O(l '.0:1 U. ;ili 7. ifj

!l1l.!l1l 100.57 lilll.:11 IIIn. ;~ 1011.12 1111117 HO,Wi

0.1:1 ' I:!. a.s j 1ll.W 11.:1:1 n.~1i

1;,), :m J:? ~H

1.10 'I.SO 2,-12 a. ;in l.OO 1i.:11 J. ~n

if.

::; ~ "0 ~

o ~

HOIlI:,\:;():--:YILLI':';ILT 1.0,\:11, I." ~IIL":' :--:()HTllIlF IUTe):'\ IW1'llE, 1'01:--:'1'" COI'I'E" 1'.\HI"1l. LA. ;... c; :::;

C!l21l1 {,:12,12 C!l2d:J

lurhp....'. !I'~! 51.r.!. ! 8-2' ! .i2. 2,";

,~~~:I~~;'2.n5

((G:? I ..;1 . ,n1

~l. Iii . '2l.titi; 2tOll

!I. ,(I iiI, .i1 111.11:1

1I.llil OS U!I

~. l:l '2. ~;f ! '2. ,W

:!. J,Ioo;. 2.,1'" '2,1i1i

:l.a:? '.!.27 2,llti

n.m).W III

n.2f} .21 .2:\

n.I:1 .1'2 .1:1

()

U U

1l.!11 7.70 i,!.',

1Il1l. ill 100. ~I 1I11l,11Il

11. 52 10. :12 n.S2

.i.lJ~ 2 .. ~1 2.~'"

n ~ :::; d ;::; l"l

--

';11,1 Jll,EY ';l1:I'Y ('I.,\Y, ,p" ~IILI':S :;Ol'TIi OF 110:-:7.,11.1';:;, A~I'I';:-::;III:-: I',IHI';II, 1,,1,

(\i~;O II >- :,~,UlI ! \l.n7 '.!:\,fl.\ ~,II ! "',n,o" I, :ls ~, lif, UI n,m n, Hi , 0, ].I II (I. ~v 1(}(1. !!iJ i l:t.oll .I.J.I(':I~;I "'I !!,I r:1!!'f2

[III, 'j~ .liIi :!,I, ~'.! U,7,,", ,01\ I 1,li 2.[,S ],,]:1 ,o,~ .11 .10 0; 0.211 1Il1l.1( I II. III I 2.20~'I 'I'j .lO.02 , Ij;i :H,t;'2 111.111 .0'; 1.1. !!.:H, 1.1:' . 11. , O Il~ 01 v,roo I 1011.1:1 i 1O,.S\l~_1.5~ 1!()IlI:-:,;o:-:nLI.I; ';11:1' 1.llA~l. I ,\111.1'; ~()I"I'II OF l'A('III;HII~. ';'1. ,IA.III';,~ 1',1111';11, J..I,

CHI:.!:! ! In Ii .if. Itl n. liH :!1. :in 11 fit! II. Ii I.H ., ill :!. ~ti 11.1;, II. :.?i 0, :!Il II !l,Il:1 !tH.1l1 ::(' 1ti:!'1 III :!I ,;1 iii ill :!:J '2:.! H. :t" . ;:1 U;j :;: ai ~i; l'I.!!51~: :;.

('I!I~I :!.I'2 .:!:t ,1'2 U .~. ;.0 HlO.7' lO.m; 2.71II" 0.,0 .u ,,~ .1\7 ~2 I,::' \1 ;~" .W 1, :1, 2.)ft I :! Ii!! ill .!!.., I, () S,7{) 1011.1i1l 1O.:m ; I. ill ~ :.

:;IUHKI';Y n.,IY. Ii \1111';:; ';1H'TllIn:;T OF 111I\,~LI, TI':H H 1';\10:-':" I, 1'.1 Ill:; II , 1,,1.

I~--'" I(,~Jtlt, n Ii J:t,';1 f (I,IUi j, Ii,) Il.II;, I .,-,

(":!JOT ~a "" -, (,!III '.!:m Rill n. :!h Ill" , 0 i S.I:! \ Illll, ;,\ I I.IlS I :I..~S 6 l(I '!I ."i'.! ;~}o.('211h , \1'

~:\ 7,1 7, :'o\~ tI!i '2. :I:! I.;", .i:! .1:1 . I~ 0' S,Ii:! UU. ,i,1 10. tiS I !!.!!.'i;'i. :\Ii Iii ~;I 11:1 ,", ,Iii ,lIIi I. "' :l,j\I ~II 2 lill liO ,:w H () i~ ,~!! 11111.501 ~.". "" 0..17.1 I0 :'1': III \lE,\;T FIW.\I ('II.\"I':I,OVTIIE .\I(WTII ()\o'TIIE .\11"';1:,,,11'1'1 HI\"J':JtAT III'HJ(I\'()IJII.I'I,A(il'I.;.\lI:-:I':" I'AHI:'II.I"I. "

~:111i nil' ;,;t un O.IJ.l !!!!. 10 ,".Iil II.W. L ;.:1 ~, Uti ~, oil II.!.; II. ~I IJ.IS :cIJ. O' i,fin 100.72 l.S,j0.:121 t'l ,; 1\1 1I \11'::-:'1' V it! ';\1 :1 II J 1.1,;'; :;01"1'11 E 1"'1' tli" ';tWT I! I\' I-;:',!, I' ,I~:' \) I' T II I-; ~ll":;I:;:'II'l'l HI\'E II IX () 1'1.1" () F :II I; X J('(l AT ~,"5'1' :-: ...~n"2:j' 1\', \.-'

'f. C'r~H;""j II , T..il, 10 11.111 2:t !!:! \I, iT 0.111 1.l2 2:tt '.Lt",.! 11.1\1 n, '.!:.! n.'.!o n 1).\(""!,5;U;j, :',!!!i lOll. 1-1 10.2;, I 2.IS7:! '-It .:",2,:'11 ti:l :!:t 17 R .",2 . iii 1 1:11 :\,112 :!,;jl .~n . :!O :1,.!!:? . ~:I i.,I:! IIIIi.S2 II. !Iii 2.1\) 'f.

"1';111\11';,,'('; I'IW.\( Clt'LVOt' MEX(l'o AT'.!" u' :-: .. '" ;;~' \\' ....IT A 111':1''1'11 (H' \\'ATEIl IiV !,"o 1"..1'1'110;11'; "0

.,,---('(.11. o 72 ! ;,1, !II (1,11*1. I 21. III ! ..!..,~ J I ~'. tia II (I" ~. '.!i 'LiB n.l:! 11. I. 11.211 II, "il Ii ,17 1011. ,~:! ,. I !l':H)

"

('1\1' U'i:! .:'il,li-l fill !!I.I:? .... "'0 2,01 2.12ii' 2."11 2.-12 I!I I. 211 .lIfi Ii. H;j WO,HI 1 H.7{} 2.fifi T. '\ \"trn}.!'l" ti:!.:J:! 11.111 :!:!L:tti U. I)., II.IItI L lill 2,,1>, :!, til na:\ (12:1 (I, II Yo \\',rlu."t' fh'\'htiiln 1 ':I .n:l ..U.1l2 ::J..1I2 ".:3:1 i.llti 'illa 1-.11:1 __1- .._. ___1_... .~J~ I ~:~~-' ~I:I I,,_.L 211

---~,1 Dl'lt'nUillatlrJlh lJ)" H ~, lIol"lt"~. with ('\{'('ptinn of C3'.!IH C';{'!(;I; Hull {'a:.!'7H (';l27!.!,

t TlIl'~p uVt'rug,s do flot IIli'hHIt lilt nlll! l"U 11\ ph'''' j C+IJ7 ("''''JsJ.tlplt\rtnhll'cl t1r Cl. 1':d!!jH~IIIII.

Lv

30 TEC'!-!C\!('AL BULU:TIC\ S:'\:3. l'. :-i, DEPT, of ,\(:J{J(TL'ITHE

1'h(' vfl.l'in.tions in til(' Rill'," pl'Ofilp 1'1'0111 ('a,i 1'0 , 1I1., fLf'{' simila,l' to thos(' of tilt' "'II,hash hut a,f'(' Jpss PI'OIIOUIJ('('d, '1'11('," also n'flpd till' 1>1'1'5('11('1' of til(' s('dilllf'lIlnl'Y 1I\;1,tl'l'ial 1'1'0111 111(' \lissolll'i l{in'I', Thl' pl'fllliP is Illlldl low('1' ill (:t.\eilllil nxid(' nlld hi~.dl('1' ill pniassilllll (lxiC\1' thmughotll till' pl'Ofill' thall UII' \\';I,hash, III f:\,('I. 1111' colloic\ 1'1'0111 Ihl' bottom hOl'izon (If Ih( l{ill'Y pl'ofil( is pl':lf'tieall," ic\('lIti(';I,1 ill ('(lmposilioll 10 tl\:l.l of Ih( ('ollnid;; fmlll lhl' ;.li""Olll'i :dlll\'illlll (('3014 10 C:1()\1) ill t:l,hl" I, This ill

31

Pintle Rin'l's, ns gin'lI ill tahle 7, is S!'('ll to 1)(' 1ll00'('IlPlll'ly til(' sa.m( as thn.t of t Itt' colloids fl'ofll III(' :'.1 iSSOlll'i. YpllllwStOll(', nlld Pht tt' Ri\'Pl's thafl it iR tiw,j of t1}(. colloids 1'1'0111 I h(, Ark:lllsns I{in'r,

'I'I\(, colloids ('4417 :Jlld ('441,1; 1'1'0111 (hI' (:1111' (If :'.It'xico sedill}('Il(S, wilh till' I'X('('ptioIlS of Ih(, ('ollll'flis of silicli fll1d (':Ikillfll alld llWgll(';.;illill oxide's, 111'(' t'SSt'llt ill II,\' til(' S:IJll(' ill ('11(,llIi(,1I1 (,0111 (1osit iOll ilS I hI' II \'t'l':Igt's for tht' colloids of t h(,:'.1 issis,;ippi :lIhl\'illill. TI}(' higlll.r cOfllt'flt of colloidal silicu i;:: Ill) dOllht till' rpslil( of Ihl' silic('olls I't'sidlle frolll 1111' dill tOlilS lllld rati ioln ri.1l ,;kf'ldolls, Bil I I i I I I (' of (III' ('II rho fill t ('s of th(, two 511 III pl(,s of (ililf st'llillll'llls i,; ill til(' ('olloitilll stili 1',

Colloids of thl' 1I1111\,inl soils ('ofltnifl Jiul(, or 110 ('ilrholl dioxide', Thl' colloids of IIt( (~ulI' !:lI'difll('lils ('olltnill (u~n nllt! O,tiO 1)('1'('('111 (,lIrholl dioxid(', If (his is ('omhill('d ill dololllit( alld 1111' cflicillill nlld 1I1:1!!lIt'siulIl oxidt' IWI'('t'lIlngt's ('orl'('('Il'd for t'quinll('flt :ilIlOlllll;:: of earb()11 dioxit\('. Iltt 1)('I'('('III:lg'l's ill'(' l,m :llId l,ii:) ('al('illlll oxidp nlld 2.4:i nlld 2,:),1; IlWgll('siulII oxidl', Tltl' :w('l':Ig('S for thl' :'.Iississippi II II II \'illlll :11'(' l,tiO p('}'('1'1l1 (,lll('iulli oxidl' nlld 2.4.'; Ih'I'('('llt IIIHglll'siufll oxidt', 'I'ht'Rt' fig'lII't's indicntt' Ihnt till' ('nlloids of tltt' Ollll' st'dilllt'IJ!R, wht'li ('OIT(,('ttd for :ldditin' llInh'rinl b\' llJ:lrilll' lift', :lI'l' ('sst'llti:lll\, lht, R:lllH' :IS 111l' :1HI':JgI'R for thp ('0110 ids f()r til(' :'.Iississippi :lIlu\'illlli, ASSIITlIillg till' 5011\'('(' of this mntl'rinl to hI' fl'Olll Iht' :'.Iissi,;sippi \{in-r, IIll's(' dll\1I ill

TABU: 4,-, /)ail','d da/a: ,\l/llI"i((/,wd/l'Il/loids 11/ till ,lIis";s,,iflpi /(il'l'l' /(j'w/'mil,s

\\,..\13.\:-;11 ';11,'1' I.IL\.\I,l ;'IIU:';O! 'I'll IIr .'\J.:W .\1,111.'\, .\I.L,\.\UKEE (,O!';\,'I'Y, IOWA

('Olll~

~i(), hitwl!( 'olH~i02 ""1(lt ~i(j2 WOIl'l'("o{Uhitll'd \\'Ul'r (If hitl(>dd,o, FI:(}t\ TCltnll1nsp~ ! of IiiI'Ihl' .... oj! ~I{'id .. \\ ~ lli' t ""oil

'I('id~ ;

IlIrlll!'" /',tl'flll II'fl'lul (~?J(2 1I'1iI " m! :t ;il II lfi , I' 11 III II I:!. 1:1 (,:!'J73 III :!r. ;\. I:! I. a~ II :!.'i ;H 7 " ,)[. 'I j;:~ II f.-, (-'!HiJ :,!,.... I:! ;1 :!2 I .il:' III 'II :>1 ;. "H , .... 1 II 17 c~:."!lf5 II Ii:! :I 1:1 L:I~ II .W ," fi.U:i , id 11.117 r~ijfJ ti.'l ;, ;ll;! I I:! III hi' I ;~H i1,::.,'(t , .iU /(I H:( ':."tli, 'II !11 :1.:1;! I.Hi JII, II I. PI Ii. U;, ; !II III ;1(1

IUI,I':), :-:11.'1' 1,11 \ \1., \1 I LJo:-': -"(jilT IWE"T IJV (' \llt'I, \1,1':" 1-"IlI,;/( ('I)\".'\'I'Y, 11,1.

(+t"'!Ha 7 Iii' )'1 HI l'I'-IU7 7" h U. !oItj {~t~u!\ ;,111 tl. 'II

I'A :\'1'11 Ell 1'1, \ Y, I~', \1 I I.l':": ,IlBTI: I': \":'1' () Jo' VI)Il H F,"'I' ('1'1'\', :''1', FH 1,,'1:' ('01' -"'I'\',

.lltK

{';j:!IH II I~ lit ,. 'I ilL 71C";1:!:;;-, ~ '20 l.ill .... i"1 lCI'il

{ ~~t1tjl; ~~I II I ~'I ..... itl 111.1;;

';IUH K I', Y ('1..\ I' ,Ii .\1/1.1':';: '() 1('1'/1 F ':''1' III,' 1..\ I, I': \'11.1. In I':, ('111\',)'1' ('01' ,'I'Y, ,\ H K, t ~a:!,!' tJ , 1.'" Ii ..... ' (";t!'-I(I " :!o I iii I.n:! ( ~;~:!""l :..,1 !iO I HI 1,.7.)

YA7.0" :'11.'1')' ('1.\)' I.(J \\I,~, \111.1-::' \,(1/:'111\1 E"T 'IF Y \7.IHI (,ITY, I' \/"IJO ('(lI'VI'Y,

,\1 l.~:'

( 1 ...~1;{ IJ Ii: ;11l:1 ilL /II('I.'HI S :!J ;ll:l H. i' ("I~!I;', :!I W, ;\1\1 ~l In

t'lhlM IJ I :1 !II 3 ....;;. 111 .. 1!i;{(I1. .~" II I'h'.!! I 2:! .; ur, :t ....\1 II " 1.-, ,1,1 .... , " I i.1i7 " If; IIl,:!1ChB! '2~ '" :\ II ;1 ,', 1:, :'~I I 11:1 i.lili \1.71'.Ii!: :-:1/.\ H 10;\'''1 I.'IT \ '.[.,1 Y I.U,\ '\1,1; '\11/,10:": ":(11 'I'll OJ.' P' I\, \ H p, :-:11.\ H I, EY ('01' :\TY, \11:''' CI!o.~I; " 12 2 ~I~ :J III.lIl1 I ill 7. s; "\.'.!11 10 :17co J!-t.l.,;j L!-Ili .1, 11\1 ;1 ""j!! 1', iU !. t.\1 fi ti:f ;, I,i '.I UI "I'''' I'; ;Ill .tl!J :t ~I;. IIi L Ii:~ j, J)~ '; 11; !I J~I (' I ...~~t ,III til) ;t :.!Ij I;,I. 1.( l.i '" I lit 7. til 1_ ill III. tilt .\UTJ-:f(UI. FHO;\I \ 11'1':1,1, I, :\lII.V \'IIIUll OF 0\'1\' IHII, :-:1f.\HI'li\ ('(ll'\,!,\" ,\11":',

Fff'1 ,'l!IJ1i II :1 :j(l I. ~a t;'"l I~ 1 .ia 7. II lit :n{'Hllt; ;1 1;[ .p,

'.11 I' I' I Iii I. ,>,1 i.ll0 ;- !l;t III II~

>j('HIli" ~:1 a. :!;, L 21, 1;1 lin I HI Ii. au . ~ -. iii, ,I~('l!ll, ,Ill :\ Ii!f I mJ I'.! 112 I !i .... .... fi;, '" llii !I.'i(' HlHl ;"".., Il~ .{ :.!h I I;, I:' 17 I la tI afl , 11:1 !.('I!I:!t1 I)." ~J ;t O/l ;\ ':I [Ii 11:1 L ,HI tJ. , 11 "..ili II la('11121 /1111 :1 /Ii :1"/ l.~, ft2 I (i" !I 1'(( ;_ 7(i 11 ;(jj

t ('omhilll'd \\ all'r+wn1pf I'lJtlh:1I1'1I1 IIf till' IlIlal hn~I':;. t ('nl('lUII1, IIHltnwsiulH; JllllUs~ium. Hlld ,,>odlullt H~idl'.s I~nit.ioll los:;: It'!l~ orgHlIit- III it I. tt'r Hnd ('tOl~

l

33

I),'rit.('" dalll: . \/I III'ill I soil (olloid., (If I},,' .1r;.~.,i.,sipfli Rh'I'r 11J1I'11I1/II,,~ ('011 I illlI"rI

1l01l1=':-'O"'II,I,E ';11:1" 1.1),\\1, I' ~III,"~ "OH'I"II OF /I \Ttl" HUI',:I,;, I',W\TE ('[JI'I'I~E I'AHI:'II.L,\

COlli hirH'd

"'::1('2 ( ~tHlI ~i{':z ~l()~ :,t():: wnll'!"

(~()lIIhilH'd wntl'r of or Lillihirwd \b(l< Ft':!lh w:lIt'r'1'01 al hn..:' .... !lilt' ~oil :It'i~l,, . soil

:H'hl, '

/'"t'tlll "/terlli/u('/It.>l I. :!ti li."il'j !I !II 1:1 :.~III , ;\ :!Il I II I;! !I;C';J:.:!lit I. till li.Sli -; in III mla :.!lI(~:t2ti2 ~. '.!\ :1.1:1 l.U' 1 Ii:! Ii. ,Ii ; I~ U . W 21 :\'+ :1.011 :j ~I I:t. 7!1('a:!ti!~

It. ;'01 Til Of IOO'\Z.\ I.E". ,\:'('I'::,\~IU.\: 1'.\IlI;'II, I..\. ,;IIA H" I~Y :'IL'l'Y ('1..\ Y. ~1l1, I';" I') .,-

II. ~ ;\ II,. ;t i;l Iii. ;ii L ;S" , ,a :I.:m C':i2itl ,.,.'1L :10 !I,:m II I!!, :!I :! '-I:! :t .l.~ I:t inr~!t1il 1.:1:\ "!. -I.i !'~ .11) 11.!!'i~I 1.;+ '2. j1 :J..\1i 1:1. Hi(';i272 1{(111l,\~{)""ILLI'; "ILT 1.1),\.\1, I .\lII.E ,,01''111 'll" ,',U'II I,: It I I':, "T.IA.\II':," I',\IU:'II. 1..\,

7..J!! tI. o:~ 1111o Ii :i Hi I. 0;1 II :!,iCW!!:! 11\ :o\l1Il'~,1 :\ III :i. j, 11.li!1 ;. ,7 .....in (,,1!I~i ,I~,n :1. 1/, ;j "X 11.11 ~.Ojj ... j.t 10. Ii: Cln21

:'IUll"I':)" CI.,\Y,il~IILE" ';OI"J'IIE,\"T OF 1I1Ji'.\L\, 'I'I':IlHI':II(),\~I'; I'.\HI';II, I.,\.

I) Ii ;\, I, ;t ...~ l' Ii:! I.n:! !1.lHI ". I:! !I.HH ('~II}l, I. oj:! !I,II:\ s II:! 10, :t,.,~J. j.:i

:t.,lti :~. !t:! Iii('210; Hi' ~I :l II I. ",.,

I ,m ; !Hi ;. S;! !I.'i:!("2111' ,1' '0 " ';1-:111\11-:"'1' FIW~I ('I1.\~'\:I':1. Ill" Till,: .\101 'I'll or '1'111'; ,\11:':'1,,:'11'1'1 IU"I';It, .\'1'

1II'I!I(\\'I)(IIl, I'L,\(I\'E~II'\l':" 1',\IlI"", I.,"

thH I. fJ~ JI~ Ii I I,i:! 7. ;ili

"EIJI~IE~T rlj()~I:t ~III.I':'; ';lJl'TIII':.\,"" llV ,;,)\''1'11\\'1';'''1' 1'.\,4:' Ill' Till'; ,\11,":'1:'''"'1'1 1Il\'I':I! 1:-: (l\'l.r lll,' ~ll':XI('() ,\'(' 2' .-,.,' "",\I ~;l'\\',

a .1; II I~I I ..jl i. !):~ IIl,I!1 j:!""\1 :1.':1 11,;11 1.1]:\ ;- II!! tlli:J

';"I)l'\II~"T' ~'I\(nl (WI.I' 01

34 TECID;lCAL B(jLLET'I~ 833, U, S, DEPT, OF AGHlCULTUHE

~[issolll'i (J,n,nnd Y('lIo\\'sIOIl(' Ri\"('I"S, 'I'h('s(' tllI"('t~ !"inn; lo\!:dlll.'1"

\\'ith t111:il" mnll~' t!"ibullll"it's dl":lill the IIO!"thNIl pH!"1 of tll(' 'On'at

Plnins provin('(' kllOWIl as thl' :'Iissoll!"i Pllltf'HII. Th(, data fo!" Ih.,

llH'eIlUnielll nnnlysis of till' sllmpl('s 1'1"0111 111('s(' pl"ofil('s ('011 I I"ibll\('

Little in difr(,l"l'ntintin~ thl's!' soils, Th!' soils aI'(' ('OIllPOSt'c\ :dlllosl

whoUy of \'('I"~' filw salld, silt, lIlld ('lay, Th(' nn'I'ng-c' p('n'('lllag-('s of

e1n~' in til(' p!"ofiles f!"om thl' :'Iilk, IIPPC'I' ;"lisSOlll"i, 1l.lId Y(,lIo\\"stoIlP

I{in'!"s H(' 4:), :~4, und 2:~, l'('sp('('\i\"(,ly, Tht' Iloneiny POl'tillllS of III.'

PI"()(jJc.s al'(' ('ompos('(llnl"~!'I,\' of silt, Th(, 1IIIIIsllnll~' hig-II P('I'('('lIt:l~1' of

c-In~' in th(' ;"Iilk Rin'l" pl"ofill' IIIlc\ouht!'(lIy l"('fI('ds ('hlll";ll'tt'!"isti('

\!:ill('inlmntNinl. sueh ns ('(1\'1'1'('(/ thl' d!"aill:I\!:C' nl'('11 of tllf' ;"Iilk l{in'l"

(J(i) , Th(, Ynlli,y of til(' ;"Iilk I{in!" fl"Orn 1fa \"1"(' (0 its IIlIioll \\"ith til('

~liss()lI!"i is II !In;ad flood plnill frolll:2 to1 mil(,s wid(" II is thollg-ht

lItHt Ulis \':lIl('~' \\"IIS I'o 1'!l1 pd ulld o('('lIpi('d by tll(';"lis,,;oll!"i Rin'l'

1)('1'01'(' it WflS disp\:t('('d by g-1:ll'iatioll, 'I'll(' :'Iilk I{h-(,I', ",hi('11 is n

JIluell slllall('1" !"in'l" thnll \\'(lilld 1)(' ('XP('('!c,c\ fo!" Ru('11 II i:r!"g-I' \':dl('y, no\\" llll'nllCl('!"s 10I"tll(1lIsl,\' on'l" (his widl' flooc\ plain whic'll \\'as tilll'd b,\' ~\:t('iul till to n dc'pth of 100 fl'l't 01' l11o!"t' aho\"(' tIl(' fOl'IllN ('/lalllll'l (/.1),

'I'hl' d('plhs of th(' g-Incinl ('oY('!"ill~ 0\'('1" the' d!"ailla~(' al'(':1 (If thl'

~lilk Hin'l" \'al',\' wit/el,\', I'all~in~ f!"OIlI () in pla('I':' :dong- Ih(, dl'Pjll'!' ('lit

'1',\111.1'; :i, ,11('('11(111.11'111 (II/(I/y"", of 1I/1II1'ill/ "lIi/" .frolll I/"",I'/"II 1,.;1,,//111'/"., 10 1/11

,\I ;":ds,,i!,!li IN,'/'" 1

\fILh: 1{I\'I;n: II \I'HI'; (,LA\",:I \fILI';" :-\OI{'I'III1'I':';'/' (11".':.\";111.\. I'\I,I.I';\" ('Ill "IT. \! 0:-\'1'.

Fu\!' (~0'11"'" ';ih ~ ~~~~: ('r::r'I\'.-1 ..aud IOlIr, c;mil'r:.! I :111..", lI.m~ Ihall lII:ttlt'fII.OO:'!III III. nlJll rum h~ 11,0,HllU,

Inrl,t .... I'trerlll /I,rnut /',[n\lItJ', rn II/ 1'f'fI'/'1I1 Jlffl"t'ld I't'n'tlll Ptn""t( ~:"~I!I~I II , II ~ IV.! II. :! U !1 '2 i, IIi :1 rr_ I, L.(';10l1li 1(, :.!;t I 1 I I r. [. !I ,iL j ;J~I. ;- ,Iil':IWIl 1(1 0(1 .2 /I .1 Ii .,. II It. ;- I' " .J ,\lI";":(ll I{ I I{ I \1';1{: 11.\ \' I{ E ":1 I,'!'\" ('I. \ \". I~ .\111.1'::"\ (JI{T II E.\":'I' 01" VIJI{')' I' I'T /0;, Y \ I.I,~:Y

("(II :"\T\", .\1 0:"\'1'.

(':j(K)~ () ~ 11.1 0.2 [1,1 !!.t tl. :! ;11. ;", ,If.. I 1,(1

(';II~I:l I;, ao II II .1 .1 . a la 7 ,.1. ,I . ,(':UHlI II II () .1 1.11 IJ :1 .;i,i. :! ;U.:! I ,hl"':U){);, ill !/{I II (J II ~2 :1 ai,S :lll..i f (I,':IIXlll HXJ.l15 .~ ~ l.r :li I '1II.lj Ifl.:! " (":11107 )fiU+ " .J ,I -Ilj,1i 111 I' n,2 :; (, ,:1"

('acX)~ II), Il II.:! O. ; 7 2 !I. Ii .i:!. i" :'::1. .., (I. :1(':100\' 1ft '.![i II ,f .'2 I. Ii .,. :1 fH. ; :!"t I 1.11(':111111 ,I~ .'ill (I .1 .1 I :! li.;{ 57, ,I ;n f 1.(1(':11111 ,iO -,", II ,I .1 Lli 1:11/ jU.1 It Ii ,.(":IlIl~ S(' U/i .:! .1 ,I .;! ~ ; ;W.fi a.l.fi 7(':101:1 1~1I+ II .1 :1 ;,Ii, II !!1. 2 1.1If 7 .1

:l11~"()1 HI HI\'[o;/{: 1,,11 HEI. 1.(1,\:11, 1 ~III,I';"" .':OHTII OF :lllIIIHIIHH:, IL\I,II'OIl'I"II('Ol:\'/'Y,".I)\/o;.

(':11111 1110 II II. I (1,[, Hi II ~:t;f ~J7. 1 u,(':lOIS ';.!~ 42 .1 .1 .1 .1 I[),-I fib,-1 I,a(':!!lIli ,I~ ;:! r .1 .1) !! ~;: ~ Ii 1. 5 51. a I.',) .11(':UlI7 ,~'I ~'ti :1 .1 .5 I ~ 7!! ;i :.!a :. ,4

T ..\BI~t; fJ.--.1rrc/tu"iclIl (l1/,1lil-'c." IIf olllll'illi .,,,ils i/'fllll I{'("I'I'II Il'i/III/(I/'i"., ,,, tilt .\{ i,"~i.~NifJ Iii Hit'l'/' I. ('Ollt i" 1I('c1

I'L.'\'I'TF HI\'!-:Il: 1.,I;llotHE 1"1:\1': :-.1:\1))' LOA~1. I .111 I.E -01 '1'1111'1';";'1' OV ~I IS\\'ELL. 1.1,\,"01.:\ ('01 '\''1')', :\EHIl

("111\"Fillo' {~tJal'=,1' 3i\t Or , II'''~

:.:ray." ..nnd .II,Ii" 1-'1\1\1(..':-illrnpk ~n. 1)"/,,11 littlll ,~ 1 (J n.;' fI.IK)2 IIl:lIlt J rB.no:! 111111 1II1Il,1 111111. hr If,n,fIllII:

luf'iu.\- /'tn'f,,1 /',r("t'lI/ J"fe'fnl IJt'fe'"ur /Jnuut ";'ri'(ut ')t'rct'nl ","n''''''C!{7211 II HI 1. a HI :. !L7 1:/ :!It :, ~h ;j III :t !i ( ':i72; [(I II 'i. I, 10. ~l III !I II " I Ii', II :J:? !I .-II II ~ I (~a;:!." ~I :11, :\ :\ IIi :. 17 :! 21J ... !J fI I~ ;, " :1 ('a;:.'H :1' I:: I :1 1:1 :!,I ~ :!'-I , .. , (I ..... 1/1 .. :t" Ill" I '.;S I,.. /111'1'11 I.I\'IIT.'\' LO I 11.:1.11 11.1''' 1-:1:''1' OF f'II!!'!' IH II ,ll I':. FOil II ('01 '\''1''

K \ '"

(~;!Wq III I' ;, ;, .. I I; ,. ~ (I 17. I l~i ~ L ;i., " ; C:!!I!I,'i III" I' I , I I'.! , ::1 , \II " :11 .> la II I t; ( ~~'tI\Ir. n, :Ht a. !I II :\ 11;(' ,ii I I' I !I ., :{ >J I ('~~lfI; iii ;it;...\- II." :1I I III I :?t. ," :, ;~ I ,I I :l " \H"..\'.;~\" 1l11-I':1l YOIIOI.tl 1.(1\\1. I \111 E ,.OI'TIl OF 1'.1:\ III JlE,\. ('HI\\'f'OHIJ

('III '.;'If. IH"

1111 11,1 112 It }j 1~:!~:-"2 \;-.. :;0 \ I -1 -; Il ('~~"a :~II " S (J c".!"t " , " I

:l~ "I" " " I H" \, ~\ ~ III \ I'll PO Il'!' 1..1 ')) -I I.T), ('1..\)' 1.0.\.11. C III J.F,. 't)Wl'llln:,']' OF \\"(Ji II)

,0'. 1'1 I..I"~I ('01 ''1')'. \1(",

( 'a:!;:{ II '(I \I II ., II.!' tiJo\ :,!'" ';" I " 1 ,{ ';{:!i1 HI :!I I, II I I ., .;~, " :!~ I c:t!';[) 2(i. \~,+ (. Ii /I I ,:! 11. II :-,~.tl

1-":IlIlICiln" III 1'1' /( \'EH 1l1!;IO~ 1.11.1\1. "'1.1-" 1\' 1'>''1' 1)1' \l'IIiO.":H. 1\' IC1O'EH (' 01 ,'1')'. 11"1.\

C:....~l:-,l n :-. \I tI I H '! 10 ~ '!I .... H \I lh.'! I f, ( ~:!!I~:? II. :!I (I I 1,1 :11; :l II I; l.i I .11 ('~'.'o:l III "..~" " 7. ~ t:t '\ :1:/ I II I u" " 11'111'1'1-: Hl\'FH 1\'\\ FHI.)' 'lJ.TY ('1 .1)'. I .11I1.E .,,,HTIIVI"I III' ',I' I' I I.!'- H'.I'~'F.

PH \l1l1I-: (III '.;'1')', Ill"

~ ":t!t.; II 111 " u I II.!I Lh t," ..... II '\ 1.!1 ( ~:t:.Y.., III .,., II ,I " I I ;! II I ;'ih,!' :!a.l I.l {"=~:?Ii.v 2:1 I~.;.- I .:! :1 7 , !I .",H. I :1i. ;- I OJ' 1I'IIn \ m\,VH HI1I11 ,11.1 1.\1.\\1." \111.":' ,..()I '1'11\\ i""T Ill- H'\"'1 HilI', \lOlll':.

11111"1' I' \ HI"". 1.1

(.:J~l'I:! , 11.1 II. I II I lilt 1'1 ;.. (':\2':1 ~ :.III I .1 1'1 \1 (';U"j ~~. :l~+ ".1 1 ;{I II

"

HI'; J) HI\, E H 1111.1.1': II (' 1..\ )'. ~ ,\1/1.1:" :'() I T 111';,1 "'I () F I J,J;X \ '\' I ,HI A. 1

36 TECHXICAL Bl'LLETIX sa a, l.'. ;;, DEPT. OF ,-\GHI(I'LITHl~

CliflrHlC']S to 00 f

38 TECHXI(".\L Bl'LLETIX 8aa. l'. ::i, DEPT, OF M;t{l(TLTL'RE

1'111' :\fill('r profile f,'olll Ihe Hed H.i\"('r sOIl(h of .\j(,XIi IIdrill , Ln" is composed of :IPPl"OXilll:lldy on('-Ihird silt IlIld two-thirds ("IllY, Tile Hed Hin'r rist's W('S\ nf the ('liP Hock {'s{' II rpIIl('1I ( ill Ilorlh 1'(,l1lml TI'XIIS, It ('IJlS its wily tlll'(IIIg-h lilt' lIig-hl:lIl(j Him illlo till' P{'I'llljllll Hpd Bt'S, 'l'11(,s(' Inkl';; :llId S\\'IIII1I>;; \\'1'1'(' 1'lIl1Sl'd b~' [h" pxis\('llI'p oj' II gl'('111 1'1I1't. 01' log jlllll, \\'hi('h 11:1;; (>I'OIlIl('pd nil o\"('l'flo\\' :I!'l'n 111:11 h:l;; IHI('OIIl(' to II ~I'I':d ('x\('111 :1 lIalllr:d Sl'lllil!!.!' basill 10 lhl' 1{l'd l{i\'pl' dllrill~ o\'pr/lo\l"s l'illISpd 11\' flood frOll1 1111' \l'psi, III [his IIl'pa tIll' ri\'l'r d,'posils IIlll('h (If its IIIlId (;1' iargl'r )lIIl'li"I ..-si;wd ';lISIH'Il!It'd II1ntll'l' Ililt 1':IITil's 1)1111'11 of (1)(' lilll'r Illntpri:d 10 1111' Imqlr IlIlIds, liS ,.;howII h,\' I Ill' ('hlll'IIn'\'iollsly ,.;[:\[('d, for ";() ';11l:d/ :1 ri\'I'I', Tll!'s!' soils :11'(' ('x('lIsi\'(I,\' il,wd fOl' ",11(':11. \':ldflIlS iITigntl'c\ ('('op,;, alld pust 111'1' 1:1 lid,; IPI. :~ ).

Tech. Bill. 833. L', S. Dept. or Agriculture PLATE :3

.t, L'n~(!lr.. -(. 'Ul' Olt irri~:l.t('d land ill till' ~Iilk Hin'l' \':tli"y, 1I('al' Tnlllpi('n, \'aill'." (',,'1111.1', ~1!J~li" 1/, 'I'll,' I'

c TAI",~: (5.-,('11"111;1"1" (1II/HilSI" of all",.;al NOI"/.~.rr/lili /I"'.~I("'I IrilJIIlarir's 10 IIII' .l/i."si.~.~ifJl)i NiN'" 1 ~ MILK HI\"Jo:Il: IIA\"HE I'I,,"',:! ~1I1,E:-; ;-':OltTJf\n;:-;T OF ~,\';II\,\. \".\I.LI.;Y ('O\;-':TY..\IO;-':T.

.' I-i t"l

('0111- J}!T1i, I Orgnllic~:~Hlllph' ~o. I)(\pth ~iO, i 'l'iO, A"O, ",,,0, ~lnn ('nO . ~IQO , K,O )

I'I,AT'!'E 1{ln';f{:

(';J7~li ---.-r U-IIJ I ('3727 ){)-21 r:3i2S 2.J~:1tj('3721.1 :Ui-12

(,V. t3i Il.:I:1 iU.HI an iii. aa .~s so. 50 .21

I..DIIJI'I{f 1.32 II. liS

0.0' I . 07 ~ .011

O. nu 1.1'2 I. is

I. .)0 1.5;. 2.S;

2. ,1:1 2. ~H :.!. ifl

1 l.)jj! 1.21 \ . Vi

0.21 I IL 20 I.1.; .2:l . Ii .2S;

II IJ

. !!i

2. sa 2. ;3,,{ .1.\12

!I!I.:;:'1 fUO. 11loo.on

I. 5S 3. iii flo 07

I.SIl 1.21 ' no

I D.lfi '

. liS

.11

tl.U Ii. 7 7.S

j: ~

~

>u. YEIUlJ(lHI" HI\'gH: YEHIl](lf{lf; L(J;DI, 7 ,\111.1':" 11''':4'1' 01.' 1\' ..1 IlnXJo: H, \LIIlO:-;EI{ COl'X'I'Y, OKLA.

Ul ..... Ul

(,2!J~1 C'2flS2 ('2lJS:i

U ~ Iii 2' lO ,)n

,,,",:!.liO

'~i :~~ Sa1i I

n....i', 7. [l{l ;'HI Ii. !IH

to :>Ul

"" C:t!Ui C.J2f>S ( '!J2fj9

11111 , f[) :12

,!, :.?:!-IST

iIi. O~i il!. 13 'ii'. aa

11.~2

.70 ,SI

II. ns 111.,11 10.:10

".II~ :l. SO , .~ liS I,." I

U. " .00 .on I

I

O. li7 : .,1" .8:1 I

O.!lI;

.liI I ill I.oa I 1.7S l. i51

i o.as i ..,,\.3S

O.li .15 .IS

ll.lli j.05 .OS

0 0 0

2.IH ilO.W 1.91 lOll. II i 2.20 j HU.7'21

-I. Ili :1.:11 :I. :II

!!.au I. Ia I. I:!

II. la .08 .Oi

n.li (1.4 Ii..;

!;?,

1 Dptl'rlllinaliofl;o; hy n, ,/. I!Ollg'h, C\('t1pl Ca002caoo; by It.~. Iloillh'S, IlUtIllilrogCI1 d~h:~rminalion$ h~' ,A. E. Yl~hngn.'ll; pH dl'terlllinlltlOlls by l~. JJ. HaileY.

2 Nut dctcrruiuClt

lotI-'

42 TECHX!CAL BrLLET'!X S33, u. :So DEPT. ()V AGHICTLTnn:

...: :r.

-. .~

".::; ".~-.-.

OJ:;

::

)-:

t:~2 .t ~~~r: ~,:,i

:t

_--cr..'" i::....! .. :-: t

;::=1:::

t= :::

E7~: ~

~~ ::: t.....;':'i~1 -~

:::;'~f2~ 't:.=:::::"':

...."--

'f

~f_ ~ '.'

-','

::r. -_. _XI":

~e~ ~i

;--:-

,.t- _.::;.

!. :rl":'

.-1f; j _.

,-:8 _ /1":1, .-::

...:

;::.

r.

::.'

43 ALLt:\'IAL :-;OlL;'; OF THE ~llSf-;l,;,-:rpPJ BASIX

'l'1I(, soils from tIll' ~Iiss()uri Hin'r profile 2 mill's 1I0rth of ~Iobridg'l'. S, Dnk,. nrC' n'r,\' simiinr to the nnmge composition of lhl' nllll\'ini soils of Ihl'~lilk, upper l\\issollri, and Ypliowslon(' nin'rs, ('XI'I'pl in tilt' contpnt of enleilll11, Thl' C'Hi.eiunl oxide in lhc' ~lissOllri profiiP HI ~Iobridge nn'rng('s 3,ng P('f'('l'nt. Th(' nn'rflgc' IWI'c'l'lItngl" for lite l\lilk. upper :\lissollri. lind Yellow;.;tolw is :2,08, This I'nl'i('hlll('lIt of (':l\('illlll 110 doubt (,OlllPS fronl lhl' s(,dilllC'lIls lrallsported by til(' l'PPl'I' ~liss()lIri Hi\'('r nlld (Jlhpr ;';lllaliPI' loc:ri trihlltnri('s wllidl dmin th(' BndlHllds of NISh'l'll \\\'omill!! nlld of w('st('J'I1 8011t.h Dnkotn ulld Xortil Dakoln (pI. :3), Th'(, soils' of 111(Pltlllp Hinr j>ro!ill' nn' l'irnilnr ill ('Ollll}()sition to 1110s(' of the :\[il'l'Ollri Hlld its lriblltHric's. ('X('l'pt ill till' low eonll'nt of rnaglH'siulH, TIl(' t\n'rngl' lH'tTl'ntngl' of mngn('siurn (lxidp in tht' Plnt,lt' profile is 0,73; tile H\'prnge 1'01' thl' ~Iissnuri fllld its trihlltnri('s il' :2.47, This would indicnlt tllnt thl'/'(' iSllllll:h kss dolomitic llultl.'ri:tI ill the drninn!!c' nt'Pft of tilt' PInUI' l{inr tirnll tirl'l'(' is ill till' :\lissOllri, '1'11(' (,OIlI('llt of {':lll'illlll ill thp profih' of thc' Plnttp is f:lirly Iligh but strHt ifi('d: [lrp ('arhoIlHtc' i,; lilllitNI 10 lit(, low!'r Itoriz.ons, 'rltl' soils of tltl' ArkallRas l{in'r profit!' :~ milt,,; ('nst of Fort ()(l(i!!

44 TEC'RXlCAL BL'LLETJX 833. C, ::i. J)EJ>T. UF ,\(;JHCLTJTHE

'I'll(' soils of til(' Rl'd Hinr pmfilC' fI( AI).-1:;; alld ;).n; alld sodilllll ()xi, 0,2:-; Imd O.;jl. I'psp(' \'Ohllll!, or r('I'I'II!.duOll;. ~(>dilll"1l1 I"r ':1(' I~,'d Hh ..r1 i~ !.\J'pally :l11!.\IlIl'ulC'd iu

1.()lIj"j:lJltI. 11\ till' :Hldili()u I1f imil ",jd('.~ [)'!llll \nl'ioll,.. 'I'l'l'li:II'\ [OI'IIWlillll" widell

('oll{:liIJ ('()Jj,..jdl'rahlC' qll:lJliili,'." "r il'oll-h":lrill!.\ lltim'ral- "iJ('h :1- !.\1:11I('wlilC'.

liIHOllilf'. hpJI)tl[i(C'. 1IH1!.!.II(" ilf', :11111 i1uH'lIiif'

.\s tlil' ('Ollt(,111 or phospliol'lIS ill soil" is 01'';0 gl'!'nt impol'I:]II('!' :l!!ri ('Idlllrnlh'. it i..; or ill I1'1'(',,( to !'Xllillill(' with (':11'(' lh(' Illnl!'lIitll!lps of I iI(' 1!1I:1l\tilits ill tlri" gmllp of :;oils. '1'1)(' dnt:) do llot slt(;\\' tlie' ()(>\'('('1I1- a!!I':; or pirosphol'lls ()('fIIOxid(, 10 hI' llllllsunlly hig-II ill lilly of I It!' -:()il,;. Thl' higlt!'st :lnnlg(' pr'l'('l'.Ilt:rg'(' for nllY (IIII' profilt- i,; 0.20 for lll!' 1{l'd Hi\'('r (ll'ofil(', tlt(, I(J\\'('st is (J,O!) fol' tl)( Oun('ltitn Hi,'('1' ()I'ofil(" 'I'll(' 1I"('!':lg!' ror :rll tll(' profil!',; is O,I;j (lpl'('('nt. 'I'll{' higltt'';l (If tlll':;(\ :r\'('l':1~'l\S is llot 1lllllsllnlh- Iti::h. llOI' is till' In\\'('st allllol'nl:rih- lo\\',

Tlli sirlflll' ('Ollll'llt. lil,!' llint of tll(, pll()spltorlls. i-: :rl"o IIIIPOI'!:lllt. nlthougli not so rJ'('qll('lltly is it lltl' limitillg flJ('tor ill pl:rllt gl'owtll. 'I'll(' P('I'('('ll[ngps of ';1111'111' tl'inxide' do not silO\\' n \\'idl' ":ll'i:rtioll. 'I'll(' lii!!lll'st nn'I':Ig'

ALLCHAL SOILS OF THE ~II:;;SIS:,IPPI BASIX 45

any ('onsid('l'ubl(' quantit.'- of tll('s(' snits I'f'mnins in the all II\-in I soils ('xnmin('d ('X('l'pt in til(' ('Ul'bOllllll's, Ollly 011(' soil pl'ofih', tllnt of thl' UPP('I' ~Iissoul'i Hin'I', ('onUlins n stl'ntulll of enJc.illlll sldfnt('-i>!':II'ill~ lllnt('J'inl. This Sll'lltllH1 (snlllpl(' ('300f)). 70 to 90 illC'hl's dp!,p, C'ontninR ] ,2() P('I'('('.llt totnl sulful' tl'ioxide', Sf) IH'ITl'Ilt of whieh is ill thl' f01'111 of enl('iuHl sldfaU', TIl!' a i>ll!ll'lItnIh, Ili!.!'h ('ontilt'd by I hi" an:liy;;i;;, i" I h(' fael that in Ilolle of fh('l;(, ::;oil::; fh(' "ulpil:dp;; :1.1'1'1)1'('''('111 fo lilly ulllIsual exf(,llt, I( has bccn usual fo ascriiJ(' Ih' ('xlmordinan' tilrifiill('S;; of Ihp Hpci Hi\'('r soils to 11](' gYPSUIIl supposed 1\1 be iJrought, dO\\,li frOl1i i h(, .I1:I'I':I.( gYPSI"" formaliOIl (If till' r lano r';sfacudo, f.ra\'C'rsC'd 1)\' the' rh'l'r; IJIII it i;; ('\'id('lIf I hal whnl{'\'C'r efft'('1 I hl' prt ~ell('c of t hal ;ml,,;fl!Il('p lim,\' o!'igill:lily hl! \'P ('xt'rl pf! UJlOII 01(' d(,('{)IIlp,,~il iOIl of the soil lIlill('mls, il hllS 1JP('11 "0 alt!.'rpd in Ir(lI/.,illI Illat (lilli' Ow }jill(' lin" 1'1'IIlHill('d ill tile "hap" of (':11'1'011:11(', ",hill' lilp "ulphuril' aC'ill 11 a;' \)('1'11 ('arrit,d illto till' Gill f.

III ~(,III'rnl, till' soil profil(,s fl'ol1l all tll(' rin'l' lowlnllds ('olltnill \':11',\'iug amOUlIts of eHI'1>on dioxide, ('x('C'pl lIros(' ,.;oils of til(' \'t'I'di~ris, 'Whit(" nnd OU:1ehitn i{inI'R, which dl'nin pOl'tions of til

46 TECHN1CAL BGLLETlN 833, C So DEPTo OF AGH1Ct:LTGHE

group, more or lese; a natural 011(', compris('s all th(' colloids from tltl:' soil profil('s lying north oi the ArknnsnsRin'l" or, !"IIth('r, till' soil colloids of tll(' ~lissoUl"i llin'r nnd. its iributnl"ipso It milY lw obst'ITt'd from til(' cnrbon d ioxid( con tpn t thn t only thl' eoll~)ids frolll til(> Yellowstonp RiH'1" nnd tilt' two low('r horizol1:>of th(, Pluttr Ri'"I"o contl1in cl1rbonnt(':;o Howe\"N, tll(' soil:> of nil t.hl's!' colloids cOlltni'J(d cnl"bOnnl.('8, ('W('pt tl1( two lIppe'r Iny('rs of th(' PlnHp Rin'r pl"ofill'o Thl' cfll"honnU's of tl1(,8(' In:"l'I"S W('I"(' "itl1l'r not prps('nt in til(' eolloidlll stl1t(' or WNt' lost from the' eolloid8 hy sollltion ill thp l)I"n("(,8S of I'Xlrnetiono But in l'itiwr CI1S(,. ,oil"tllidh"o HII I:h(,8(' colloid;.; ""I'/"(' [ol"lIIed from mnt('ri:d ill nil :dknlilll' ('llyiroll llll'nL '1'h('," W('I"I' al;.;o fOl"1l1l'd lIndt'r n e\ill1:lt( with a Ilorllllll llllllll:il 1.(IIII)(>rnl.llI"(' for (\1(' :,,01'11 thllt. rnnf!(rJ from -10 to .')()o Fo 11Ild 11 nOl"ln:il anllll:ll precipitatioll of JO to 2() inc-h(so

--

ALLtTlAL SOlLS OF THE :\II:-;Sl-:SIPPI BASLX

I~""l" ..,.. --~-.r.I- :---:-1- ;r..-"-:LQ.. ...I'::S;~ :r.:r.r';li~ 1)-r.f.f.-':.;;' ~-:,,;:r.':15

-""':-:~-r.. f :-I~I_:'1-':1--::-1 ':":"1-"/

r.. :':"1_ :01!":f..':'1, ' ...

:-::-:--:'1:'1 71":'1---~ -:::"Z:"i,:,i

::::.':.r __ ..... :-': -1_ -=~:-I~:~ :==i::'- -::::::J.1:::::-;:.r =:':.;:; i,f.i.~ :::- j:-:-==~

-=

'1'.1111.1-.7. CIIlIII/rolll/lllly.'I,' /If 0//1I1'i((/ ""III'ol/oid.'/l'olll 1('I"lll'Illl'illll/lll'i.,. ,,, //11 .1li""/,,.,ill/li Nil'l'/' I ('Olltilllll'd ~ I'I..IT'I'I>: HI\'I':H: 1,,1;l111l HI': 1'I:--:E ';.I'\PY !.O.I;lI. I ,1111." :'01'11111 ":''1 OF ,\1.IX\I'I>:I.I.. 1.1,,('01." ('UI';-;'I'Y, ,\1';111(' ....,

1 t'1 ('IlIIt I\( Or,

~if): Till, .1 I,(), V",o, ;II nO ('tin \I~() I"n '\n,l. 1',Il< so, ( '0 hill" I '1'01'11 nilioll gllni(' '\ I'll Q~IHl1pk ~n. 1",,,111 \I'nl,'r lo ... ~ lIIullt'r ~ I'{n'flll /)(n',I/' /'lTI",,1 ;;../'( {('llli / I, Tn fll II, fI~1 II' I', rt'(ul /""';I/II'lft'tlll "{mill

:\,1)11 n 2H II lon, 1m ~!I. III I:!,j';'i II. ';' I H.li t

49

-~:-: !"':-:. .. ':'I-~ ':'1_1::=:'-:f.. -:-:J;;1t: ...... ~':'I1-- :. -f:-i ...: ,:,i-"":

::';. ':'t 11-1,': 1

::'.r:'r.

..: ",

~~7.:= ~ 1-5;Z~ :::::::: t':'~= t_~~'l3oc.

-:..

:::: ::- ,\--_ .. ~ ~ g:::: -:-1.;:.,,: ,-.--= ~ I ~

'--_.

!--i 65~

/.

~2~r.: ~ :1 ,:,i-:''''': :-i":::-, ,:,i

- ~~;-:; f ~ I.': L':.I,~ ::;-i

::

::: ;... -' :::: ','

::::

f-='_ ""'':~-::.. ., :::: r ,_,... ..' "'. ::::

50 'IEClL'\lCAL BULLETlX 833, C S. DEPT. UF :\GRlClTITH'E

As th(' silica content of soil colloids is r('lnt('d to m:my of it::, IH'Olwrties an examination of it is prt'sl'lltt'd first. '1'11(' colloids from soil!:; of the :Missouri RiYer and its tributnrit's are all rather llllifoTlll and high in silica. Till' tt'ndpllcT towards uniformity becomes grt'lltpr if thp data are ealelllnted to enleillm ('nrbonntt' fret' bnsis, nnd th(' colloids show morl' lll'lU'ly ~llt'ir tnlP milll'rnlogi('ni similnrit.',. 'I'll(' two 1)('1'el'11tng('S of silicn in the Platte- HiH'}' profik of 50.40 nnd 51.22, C011H'rtt'C1 to cnleium enrbonntl' [rl'e basis, b('('01l1e 53.:33 nnd .')2.61, 1'1'spedivdy, nnd nll thl' IWl'('l'lltngl's of til!' YeliowstollP profiiP \)(>('on1(' 81ightly higher. TIlt' a,nrng(' 1wrepntngt' in the eolloids of tlu' ~rilk .RinI' profih, is 55.29; for the :'fissonri, at Fort Pl'('k, 5:3.S{j; [or till' :'Iissollri, at :',fobridg(', .')3.57; for the YPllowstolle, 51.00: find for lht' Platt(', 52.27. TIH' grl'ntest difr('reJ1ce in these nYl\l'Ilgr" is thn! of tlll' ?\filk nllll YI'l\OWS!Ollf' Hinrs. This slight difrC'Tt'IH'(' no dOllbl is dUl' to Ihl' difrl'l'('IH'l' ill gl'ologi('nl materinl ;lIld ])ot to thl' dif1'('rl'llc(' in climn!l'.

In Inyl'l's (':WOG nlHI C:3007 of 111(' :'Iisso\lli Hin'!' profile. ",hich ('Olltnill highIWrel'nlngl's of iron oxidl'. thl' ('olor of til(' colloid illdicnll's Illp prps!'ne(' of iron l10t e01l1billl'd ns sili('ntc's.

Th!' ot!\C'r ('ollstil uC'nts, ('RpC'('ially nlllmiJw, iron oxide', ami thl' oxidl's of 1I1agn('Sil1l11 nllt! potnssillll1. f11'1' r('1I1nrknhly similar in nil tltt' ('01loids of this ~rOllp. '1'hp ~l'l'llipst din'rg('II(,(' from IIniformity ill lltl'sl' ('ollslillll'lItS O(,('lIrs ill tltl' IH'l'('!'lItag!'s of nillminn in tit!' YpllowstOll(' H,in'J' profih-, ill wl1ich thl' 1)(>}'('I'IlIH~c's of nlll111illn nn' npproxi1I111tl.I~- 2 IWITl'lli hi~hc'1' thun ill lh!' l'olloids of IfllYT(' ('Iny and lInnl' :,il!.'- ('In.", ",\wl'l'ns the' pl'1'C'l'lltu~('s of sili('n an' COlT('SPOlldillgly 10\\"('1'. Th(' 1)('J'('l'n(n~l's of ('nleilllll oxid(, ur(' more' yuriubll' than lhp other ('ollstitllC'nts. bllt. WI1('11 ('olTl'l'tl'd for cull-illm ns cnri>ollntl', the rUll~(' L

51 ALLU\'.IAJ" SOILS OF THE l\lISSIS:;[PPl BASIN

or less iron not combinrd as silicat('s. TlI(' rrddisll color is most prollOlIJl.{,t'd in middl!' und low(r Arkllnslls find Red !lin'r proiilPs. Howpn'l" Ol('s(' colloids eontnin lit tll' 1110r(' iron nml in S01l1(, CflSPS not us mlldl iron ns soil eolloi(\s kss r('d in ('olor, Tit" 1'(d ('olor I)('rlmps is 1I0t (lilt' to filly lilrgt' umount of iron oxidl' but simply 10 its citl'mi{'nlforl11 uml stntl' of (illl' diyisioll,

In gelll'ntl titl's!' colloids ure fnidy itiglt in thl' tl,,'('(' hnsl's, ('nieiull1, lnllg"llesiul11, nnd potassium, ('x('('pt illg' t110St' tl'llllspOl'led frolll tite lnt('rior Hi/.dllnllds b.' Ihe Yenliwis, Wititr, find Ouacititn Rin'J's, III t Ill'st, tilt' potnssillm lllltl mnglll'siu1l1 nn' better .I'etninecl thun the (:nieiIIIll. Tht, cltI('illlll in til(' ('olloids, lik(1 tltat of tlte soilR, is lowest ill IItt' Ouncltitn proril(, H iR doubtful if 111(' \'(ry 10\\' (,/tI('ium ill the Ouacltila pl'Ofil( ('Hil be altriblllNI wltolly 10 lllflt('rini tl'llllSPOJ't(.d fJ'oJll I1le Olln('hiln Ilplift. It is possihle !lilt! Il11WIt of llt( Illllti'l'il1l ill IIt(' OUl1eilil:l profil(' is of Coastal Plnin Mig'in, '1'11(' pl'Ofile \\'I1R lukell too fIll' sOlltit of lit(' Olll\('ltitli uplift to I)l' fl'('(' from COllsl111

Plllill lllH!Ninl.

Tite eolloids of tlt(' Rt'd Hin'r profile nJ'C' most si1llilnJ' ill ('olllpositioll to tltosl'oftll(,Jmn'l' Al'knllSnS Hi\'('J', '1'It(" fll'P botlt itiglt ill mnl!ll('silllll nad potassium nnd an' plll'ticulndy Illlll'i.;:pd by tltpir'itiglt 1I111~ll('silllll ('Ollt(,lIt. Till' an'nlfr(, 1H'I'('(,lltafrl' of lllagl1('silll11 oxidl' ill tllp ('olloids of till' Al'kallsnR Hin1' is :i,:38; ill tilt, Hpd Hinl', 5,50, Bllsl' ('Xdllllll!" d!'l('I'llIillatiolis 1'01' til(' Hld Hinl' ('olloids silo\\' tlln( olily O.4(j Pl'I'('(,lIt of tll(' Illllglll'silllll oxidp alld 0,11 P('I'('I'Il! of tll('potlls"iulll oxidf' 111'(' ('xdll1l1l!l'ahl(',

TIl(, dis(,llssiOll of tll!' mill('l'ltlogi(,:tl ('olilpositioll of t lips!, soil ('01loicls will 1)(' fOlllld 011 p, iO,

'I'II{' lln'l'llgl's IIl1d til(' Il\'('rllg(' dl'\'i:ttiolls gin'lI in tnbl(, 7 fol' III(' vHrious ('Olislitlll'lIts (If tltc' "oil ('olloids of III(' \\'1',,(('1'11 tl'ibut:ll'il's sItO\\" tlll'lll to h(, 1'11111('1' ('OnSlall! ill ('olilposil iOIl, m; II wltol,, ill J'(''''lwd to silicll, IIlurnillll, i1'011 oxide', llHlg'lIl'silllll, pol IIssilllll , IIl1d ('()\lIhilll'd WItt ('I', Till' otlll'l' C'lIl1slitlll'lItS (titlllliulll, (':tl('illlll, sodiullI, pllosphOI'IIS, IIlId sulful' osidl's!, \\,lti('1t HI'(' IIl1ldl 5111HIll'1' ill qUlllltit.', (total of tlt('il' 1I\'('I'IIg'I', :i,li Ill'I'('l'lIll, \'III''v 11101'1' \\'idpl,c

1)1':111\ Ell 11\'1'.\ FOil TilE COl.1.01llS

'l'hc d(,I'inod dntll, IlIhll' :->, bl'illfr into (']('nl' J'(lid th(, ci('gl'('l' of "lIl'ialioll witltill tIll' soil ('olloids oi till' W(,S'I'II tl'ibutnl'i('s to tlte ~'Iississippi Hin'I', 'I' II ('S(' dlllll, likP tllos(.' sit 0 \\'11 ill tnbl(' i fol' till' ('olloids of tll(' PI:1I1(' Hinl' Hlld tltose' 10 tlt(' 1l01'11t of it, sllow 11I(.s(' ('olloids to Iw III0 1'(' ('los('l" Silllillll' to 011(' IlIlot hpl' tllnn tlllT HI'l' to till' ('olloids fl'oll! thl' I'inl' itlhl\'inls I,\'illg to till' ,,011111 of'th(, PIaU(', All sili('a-sl'squioxidl' 1':1tios of till' 1101'1111'1'11 group of eolloids 111'(' gl'('ntl'l' 1111111 :1, ('X('I'pt for IWO In,n'I's of tIl(l Ypll(I\n;tOIl(' Hi"l'I' pm(il(., wll('/'('ns nil thl' Sflll1(' 1'11tios fol' tll(, soullIl'1'1I gl'oup 111'(' I('ss tltlill :~, ('x('('pt for 1.11(, first tI\'O III,"('I'S of til(' lIPP('I' Al'kliliSIlS profill', ,(,II('J'(' is HIIIIOS! liS clC'HI' n. di,'isioll Iwtll'('1'1l tlte sili(,lI-nllllllilill I':ttios of 4, + IlIlel 4, - fol' th(' 1I0l't h('1'1I Hlld 5011 I11('1'11 ~J'()u ps, I'PSIH'd i \'I'I.v, ('se('pl for tlw Y('IIOIn;(OIII' /{in'l' ('olloids, 'I'll(' I'lltios of :;ili(,lI-il'llll (Jxid(' :;how Ih( il'oll ill (lI'OpOl't iOIl to thp sili('u 10 1)(1 SClllIPwllllt low!,1' in thp 1101'111('1'11 ~TOUp

52 TECHXICAL Bl'LLE;l'IX sa a, G, :5, DEPT, OF AGHI(TLTGHE

color is most Pl'OIlOllllCNi ill the colloids of thc profiles from the :Rcd nnd Al'imnSllS Hin'rs, \\'ith the totnl content of iron oxide but little gl'cater tban in colloids of less rNi color, This is pllrticuiarly tl'U(, of the colloids of the YCl'liigTis Rinl', which have nn nV('I'ngc of 11,1.5 of silica-iron oxide in conll'llst to 13,85 for the colloids of the Red River profile,

T.\RU~ 8,' -[)('riv('d data: , I Ill/rial ,~/)il c/)lI()i".~ {rol!l II'('.~/"I'I/ tl'ilw/lIl'il'N to till' il/i".si.s sippI Hi/"":

:'III,K HIYI'H: !f,II'HI'; ('L,IY,I ~IJLI';:, ~NJfl.;!.I\\I':~T III' X.\':II\,I, 1',\1.1.1-:)' (,()l:X'I'Y.

1,,(,/1/',1( (~:!ttn~1 II'," (':lIlfili l,i' :!;, (':111111 10 till

------,-----~.

;\11:'''0'' H I HI 1'1';1{; 11.\ \'IU-: ,,11.'1')' ('1..1 Y. l" .\11 I.)': :\OI{TIl )':.1,,'1' (JIo' V() 1

53 ALLUVIAL SOILS OF 1'HE l\USSrSSIPPl BMUX

TABLE S.-Derived data: Anuvial soil colloid.y /1'01/1. WI'.~lern tribularies 10 Ihe .1/i.~,~issippI lNver-Co.lltilillcri

AHKA:-:SAS IllYJ,H: YOUOLO LOAM, I MILl'; HOI'TII 1)1' \'AN 1I1:llI-::-:, ('IL\WFOHIJ C01'N'IT, .\HK.

I ('0111' birwdSi()~ ~iO., ......____ ~i.Q.2"~____ : ~i(}., , Com

Sumple~o. ~-'- .-~. ("OIuhifll'(1 wHI~lr' -~~--~---~I hirw'd wutlum, putnssilllll, ~llld sfldilllll o.\idl's.

'1'h(' l'nlios of silien-Iolnl husps (i. ('., 01(' rntio of silit'H. to tit(' slim of tilt' (:tieiulll. m:t~ll('siurn, polassiulll, HlHI sodiulll oxitit's) for UlC'!:W ('olioitifl nllT I!lOI'(' widl'l.". tltflll IIll\' of lit(, oUH'l' rnlios. 'J'lu's(' ratios :\1'(' 10\\'(.',;1 i'm' thl' ('olioi;ls 1'1'0111 Ihl' H('d :111

54 TECHNICAL BULLETU..- 833, U. S. DEP1'. OF AGlUCULTURE

these figures. However, it is not to be assumed thnt these 2 geogr'nphienl provinces nrc of the same g{'ologienl fOl'lllntio11s. They lire Hot. AlHL pCl'llfl,ps they difl'l'l'{'d l'ntllf'l' widdy illl'{'odily decomposahle m1n(,l'n.1s.

The l'alios of silicH. to the cOlllhilit'd wnlpl' pIllS 111(' \Vob'l' pqlliv:d(,llt of the LoLn} buses n1'(' }I'SS \'nTiuhlp !lUll! lhos

.55 ALLUVIAIJ SOILS OF THE M ISSISSTPPI BASm

TADr,E 9.-illeclwrdcal a:nal!lsrs of allu/Jial .~()il.~ fro//! (~(l.~tcrn tribllt(lrirs to till' M issis.~/Pfli Him'r J

---.---~-- ..

l\lpdiurn Filii' "j'!"Y filuJ ;;ill ()rgllui(' ))I\ptll (0.11112,11

I'i"" I("~",r;", ('Iarj.!rnYt\\, ~llnd ~aHd ~nntl ~r\l\d \ (O.(lf)~ mnth'r

Samp'" "0. (IUjO.2!i (11.1 ,n.Il.; , (~I (10.:' ClL2!i().1 n.llo~ hr1TI1lI.)111111.) 1I1111.l 111111.) IIltll.) JlIJJI.) 111111.) 11,0,

..---- ---:O;:O;I';':S"I, IlI\'''\{: lTl'N'I'I"O'I'ON slur L(L\l\f, IOMTLF.S :\,OUT1IW,ES'l' OFWAVEHLY, Ill' j~r I' III! I"'S ('Ol'l':'I'Y. 'I' 1-::\,,,.

1 CI!)05~ tHO \ 53.51 0.717.71 22.7\ ClOO, ,1O~1l(J l!l.2 4il. I :W.l ." ClVllr., 12~:ln I ~. I I g.21 14.5 52.2 an. 1 1.5

o \ 0 -.~..--.-----

(' \\I(lS.

C!UOU,

CHilO

, Il-II 0 2.:{ 21.0 I .10:-5!-lii.nl'" I.a18. "

11,;j,1 lJ o.~. a I :.!.5 21l. i 1 l!l.. a :IS.7 li.O , 1.1 :14 --1\2 .1 .5 511 2,1. ;j iii. a :H.a l4,r.' 1.1I

I

(,lsS2 (HO o o.a 0.9 87.-' 1.

56 TECHNICAL BULLETh~ 833, U, S, DEP'l', OF AGUICULTURE

The Big Black RiYer alluyium is strikingly difrt'renl from that of any of the otitcr rivers, The averages for the p/'ofilc show it lo ('ontain less than 3 perccnt of material 11bove silt sille, 79.4 pet'eent silt, and 17,1 percent clay, TIle mecha,nicul analysis shows no eyidC'Il{'(' of stratification, but it does show a prognssive deC'/'case in eiay COil t('n t us the alluyium is built up, The chnl'flcter of this ulluyium is determined largely by the loess that covers the dminage u/'ea of lht' Big RInck River, The drainage area of the Big BlaC'k Ri"e/', which lips Pilst and somewhat parallels that of the Yazoo Rin.'I, is eov('/,ed almost ('1} tirely by loess ma t('l'ial. This ma/:('/'ial is decpest (app/'oximntl.f,,' .')0 feet) at the crest of the eastern billft's of the Yalloo Vnlky, bllt it Iw('ollles more shallow as it spn'ads l'astward, cOYet'ing "i/'tllall~' r.!! tll( dl'a.inage area of thc Big Blaek Rin/,.

Some general idea of the charaetel' of this loess mni

57 ALTJlTIAL SOILS OF TJH: l\I1SHISSIPl'l IlASJX

3h; ~i"':

"

g7~ '/ ._ t.: ,:,J r'r:= 'f,

"

:: .;::

.;: '

:~..:: , = = ;

,.,~._ y. -I_=" ~':'I:-: ::...- .>~ ':'l'r,;

-:;.

..... ~I .....: ;::~~;~ "I. I':::r .... _ 7;~:.! 7.1:~ tE-=~j':'i:'i ..: ~-::,i '3 :oi:-"

'f. " ~~::: ~

":'"",;::I-':f~=. =:t.= .

/

:::: !.!.:

:.,... ~

~;:~ "'.;i~

~

-

~ f~=!ft ~ d;2;:;':'"

::

.C

58 TECHSICAI~ Bl'LLETIX 8:3:3. e, :-;, IH:PT, OF AGHICCL'ITRE

1l has fl'rqll1'll(I~' 1)(I('n notl'd b," soil sun'('yol's of this BlI('('all (hat fl'('sh allll\'iuJlI is in gl'lH'I'n.l moJ'(' n,lkalill!' llmll th!' soils fl'olll ",hi('11 i( was tl':l.llSPOI'U'(l. . '1'11n,;l's :1S thos( of th(' Ohio, ('IlIIlIH'I'I:ll1d, 'i't'llIlI'S;;('(', alld Du('k Rin'rs, hut thl' po{assilllll (lxid(, i,; hig:h('r: it l':lng!',: fr!llil :2.;i~ to ~.,":~ IWl'('!'IlI, Thl' :I.\"('l"ag-(' l)(Or('('lltH!!!' of p()(n.ssilllll oxid( fOI" I hI' ot h!'l' ,.:oiL;:; of this grollJl is I.HH.

Th(, Hi!! Blnek l{in'l" pl'Ofil(', 1I1llikp thl' olll('l"s, is dl'l'i\'l'd fl'OIli hwss, Thl' I('!'ll l'('lll()\'(,d, C'Olllp:l.I'nhl(' loss or pot:lssiUlll alld so;lilllll osidl's h:l:-> nol O('l'lllTI'!1. '1'1.(. Ih'l'('('lllng!:s of potassilllil oxid( in lol'ss :l.lld t hf' n.\'(,l'n!.!;1' 1)('1'('(llltag(' ill thl' soil n,I'(' :2,1:2 nnd I.~!: of ,.;odilllll oxidp, 1.:2:3 nlld 1,10.\h(lIlt S;j pl'l'('PIlI or the' pota,ssiulIl iI,lld no IW('('Plit of til!' sodilllli ,nt I'I'1lJ:I ill , Th(' (;l'(ll:uln. soil l'('pol'tl'd b,\" ~Jn.l'llIlI (;!I', p. 63) and til(' ~l(,lllp"is soil ('

59 AT.JIA.7VIAL SOILS OF TEUJ MISSISSIPPI BASrS

1!1'('at(,I'. This is (lsl)('('inll~T 11'111' 1'01' til(' clI.ieilllll Hlld potassilllll oxidp;;. TIl(" C'akillll1 i;; hiQ'h("st ill 11)(1 ('olloids of Ill!' DlI('k Hi\'PI'. III tliis fll'ofi\(" IlIu('1I or llltl C'H.\cilllll i;; pl'Oh:lh\.'~ l'l'tnillPd it;; phosp\mjl's. Thl' P"J'("'1l1nl!t's of POlflssiull1 oxid,' f1.I'(' hil!hl's! in thl' Ohio and ('Iillch pl'ofi II'S. Thl'i I' i1,\'("I':II!{'S HI'P UhOIl I :3.5 1ll'1'(,("1I t. .,\ III iC'l'()s('opie l'Xn.lIJill:l.tioll of til(l soil by L C. Brown indi('atl's lImt till' polassium ill t1)(" 1I01l('\n.y I'l'netion or lhl" soil is lal'Q'('\Y (,OllfillPd to lilt' IIllls('oyitl' in thl' Ohi() pl'ofil(, :l.nd OI'I\JOelUR{' ill U;(' ('Iilltl!. TIlt" soil of th, Ohio !ti\'('1' H.Y('rnl!('s 2.21 p

60 '!'EC.fL"ICAL BULLETIX s!{a, l:. ~. DEPT. OF AGRICUL'ITHE )':"":-:-' - 1:1

E~:-i~0 -?.:-: :-i 3~ggi1?

.'"

:::==

~::::.~ '- ~;~~~ ~dd-.~ :: ,

i-ooo .~ '-' 'r. ~~ ~!

!".r...!:'" ~~:.:=~: ,- ..,..-..,..

.':,I:: l":c~~~:;~ d . %:t

- ::.!:!; :'1/.:-;....: ~~.::E= ... ~ ... .., '/.

2d;E~ -zi:-i:-i

!::;i==~ *..::'::1-1- .:: t-:-i:-i:-i-: ....:::. 'I.

~ ~~;:.~~ "/

.....::

~~~~ ===: ::

~

:'11::1:: !':t ... :=,;~;~~~,,--- ....:I ::.. ~~;: ==--==

....: r~_

~i~~ 3i ~i ~i'r.

~':";:"I t- J;, I~~r:~'~ e' .

y.

2: y.:: '!=:lr.e-I~:;~~~ ~-= ':= .::

y.'::'::.::-~jsj~:$ -:--:-

r. ::: ~

" :::l

t ;;,

%%

i-::I.-:~ :-:~~ ~

:::

!.;~;; :-i,:,i -=

-I ... t;:=1-

:3

f::~ :;:~:;

% 2~~- :-:1,);'." -~

"/,

:. %

-!'I~~B= ~ ~~~ ==:= =2~ ,: .. r .. :..,:.:. iI -'--- --"-' I

0 - I. i.. - .... .. .Q .r. :-:~i

"i l' ,-, :. "

x -.: - '"' ~- ::! ;:! I .' t_!t",.-" y. - .:::: ~ r:i -'

~ g-~,. 0 .' - !i :::; =E

]' e 7 - ,. :.; ~ l' " t =i =' ~ .' f ., ..; ~~ % :... = := c .= '" :... .,:

'f, %

H,., ,. ;::::::: -::i = ~ ~ :::: -' r ;: .-,; "- ::: /.

.:: .,.r .. .. ~ ~ ~ i.-: '2'" ;- 7. - - -' - ;. " :... . ::: .. ! "i 'f, ~. ~ ~ .. - f ~ '" :.. -' - ".., ;: ;: - l-i

;.. -.,. "-- J~ ~ r r. . I . 0 12 '" r .,. .,. .,. :: -~j - .,. 0:'1 - ~ :.. .

!J. '" .... . r - 5 ~ ., .: r ~I ~ ~ ~ .:

TG2 n~Cn)\ICA1~ Bl'LLETIX :;:J3. L S, DEPT, OF ,\GHr('l'I;ITH~:,

'1'111' fl,\'f'I'il.l!l' ('ornposition for thp 14 RH.ll1plpS of til(' Ohio B.inr sl'di-1ll1'IltS ('oll(,('\l'd irllllH'dint('lv dlpr til(' flood or .':ulUary and 1.'ehrll:l.I'\' 1!):n (21) is l'('pol'll'd at till' hottom of till' Ohio Hi,,;'r profilt', Till' ('olllposil iOIl of hot h lh!' spdillH'lIts and 1III'ir colloid" is 1'(111l:I,rknbly simil:!'r to t11f1,1 of tlH' soils alld eolloids (If t1)(' Ohio I{inr profill' ill thl' ('onsl illlPnts (JlhN thall caici 11111, sui I'll 1', phosphorlls, :I III I orga,n i(' IIl:\.lt('r, Thl's!' I:ltt!'r ('ollstitlll'lItS :In' :1.11 Itiglll'r ill til(' spilirnPIIIs, Tit!' ('f1kiulll oxid(, lI,nd suLfur trioxidp aI'(' a.ppr;,xilllll.l!'I,\' t\\'ie(' as higll :I,S t hl' a\'(,(,lIgl'S for til(' profit!', TIll' pl'rel'lIlag!'s of org:lllic 1I1U,{kr ill hotlt tit!' Sl'dilllPlltS n,lId thl'ir ('olloid" :\,1'(' hi!.dll'r th:lll tlH'\' :1,),(' ill llH' surfn.(,( Ia.ypr of till' profil(" TIl(' pH ",dill'S wl'rl' dl'tprJ,,'illl'd for I hi' ,;('dillll'lIl'; shorlh' :l.ftpr 1IIl'\' \\'{'rl' c'ollpclpd alld dripd, Thl'\' I':I.IIgpd ill \':l.lul' I'I'OIll ILK to 7,7, ;1'111' fact that IIlo"t of :dl th!' frp,;'h :dlli\'i:l 1'1':1.('( alkalilll" n,; oh';prn'd hy ,;oil" fic'ldllll'lI, fillds :Ill ('x"lall:l,t iOll ill 1111' Ilildll'r (':licilll" (,Oil t I'llt ill thl' fn'"h "pdilll('IIts of till' Ohio l{i\'(,J' lh:lll ill till' old!'r ;r,III1\'illlll. Till' Ohio flood of' .Jallllnr\' alld Fphnl:I,J'\' 1!l:~7 \I':lS thl' !lTI':lll'st kllO\\,1l sill(,(' till' first \l'hitl' sl,tiII'III""1s. alld il protllJ('('d 1I11,,;ll':lill'll'd cOllditiollS rill' till' dl'flO"itioll of sl'dillllilIl:lry III:1II'J'i:l1. ~(llll(' ('(JII('('plioll of till' !'hal'ilctl'l' alld qU:I,1I1il,\' of ';I,diIII I'll I Ipl't ill 1":\('PS :doll!! till' ri\'l'r Illny hi' h:l.d 1'1'0111 pbt I' ", ,.\ :t.lld 8

IIEBI\ Ell II \'1'\ FOB TilE COLI.OIII"

T:thll' 1~ ('olllaill'; dat:l, dl'l'h'l'd frolll thl'eill'1l1icai compositioll of til(' colloids of till' (':tstpl'lI Il'iiJlI1:tril's of lhl' :'.Ii,;"issippi l{i\'('I', \ritltin I':wh pr\lfil(, 110 "igllifil':l.lIt \'a.riatiolls ()('cur, :\0 profill' dl'\'('loplll('1I1 i" p\'ide'llt. III till' l'lllil'(' gruup 110 gr(':l.t \':t,l'iatioll is fOlllld, III thl' Ohio l{iHI' profill' till' I'ntios of sili(,;t, to s('"qllioxidl', to allllllill:l., alld to iroll ()xicil' :tl'(' lowl'sl Hlld V:\lT lIlost wid ph-, 110\\'('\'('1', it i,; 110\ III 1)(' illfl'lTl'd that this soil profill' J" IIOl typical of (1\(' Ohio I{in'r :t.lIII\'illlll, TI\(, :t\'l'I':t~(' 1'01' till' ndios of sili(':t. to sp:;qllioxidl' ill thl' ('ollnid,.: of (hi" Oilio pl'ofill' i,; ~,1~; till' il\'(,J':I~1' for thl' ('olloids 1'1'011114 ":llIlpll's of 1'(,('(,lIt :tllu\'illlll 1'1'0111 till' Ohio Hi\'1'1' i,,~,I(), wilh :I,ll n,\'('rn.!.!"!' dp\'i:ttioll of ~: [),()~ UI1, III o(h(,1' p:tl'ti(,lIinl'-; 1111' ('olloid,; of till' Ohio profill' iI,I'I' V('I',\' -;ililiinr to thnsl' of till' 1'I'l'I'IIt O!li" nllll\'illlll,

Tech. Bul. 833, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture PLATE 4

.1, :-l1'

TAIlI,~; 12." Ihri"I'i/ dolu: ,tlllll'io/ Hoil NIlil/id. (rlllll /I/(, /'fI I,'"" IriIJIIlfl,.iI'.~ It) IIiI' ,"i."''-'''';''''; h'h'/r

01110 HII'EH: III :-;TI,\(no:-; 1.0,1,11.:\ ~III.I:" ,\{)I!TIII';I';T IIF (i"I.('O'\J)I, 11.1". 1;-'; 1.I1'1:-;t '2:1- I :!~ i ,5", !' liO II III " I.IJ I';"" ,\1 IT lilll I I., { 1111.1':,.. ,\ol!'!'III' \"'J' ()F Y 1%')1) ('1'1')'. Y l:t.()() ('I) I ,\'I'y, III"''' ,

"('1It11 :':.! ~ II ;ft I \11 " t! t! -; .~.:! .... :.!1 HI HJ A\('rugl'llf lir.-I 11\'1

prull"', :! ~1 ;: ,I, lit .,II 17 I. Htl " I:, II I~ .;\ V('wgt' tii'\iallliU

ue lir'( 11\'1' Ilftl4

lIh', III 11:1 I ~ f , W , II"~

\ \ l'rll~{, u[ Ili~ '"

IIhll'k Bin'!' pru

" I- ,I I; II :!o"' I~ II IIItil, " , "," .:\ Yl'fUl!t' tI(\ in' tim IIr lIi~ 1I1",'~

HI",,/, pron", I H;{ . III ;, t 11;: I;:', t 1,1 , ~I

,I COinhillt'd Willt'r + W;l14'r l'qlll\';I)"1I1 of 1111- llJhl,h;J~(,". j {'nlf'illlll, 1I111g-W... IllJl1, 1'0IH~'ltlllI. nUd ~Offiuul u\Jth ... 1 ICllilir)'l IfI~~ h'~~ or~IIJlW IUlltll'!' UHfl (~( ' ...

i ..\ \'4'rnJ,tl' of till' II ..u"mpltl... orsf'dillwH1 in..u I hi' ,liitJ hood III.hulI:lr~ Ull} hbrllil ~ l!I.;;', tnhl'lI at v:uoiOl.h

points }WIWl'l'lIl'iIl('lllllttli, Uhiu. alld Cairo, III. (.!tl ..

http:IriIJIIlfl,.iI

65 ALLUVIAL SOlLS OF TIm ~IJSSIS:-\IPl'L BASIX

'I'hc' I'oiiit-s, Th(' dntn fol' litl' Ohio, C'ullllwrinlld, 'j'!'IlIlPSS(,(', DUl'k, 1I1ld Clinch Hi,'!')"s nl'L' lIn'l'ag-('d fol' ('olllpnl'isOIl witit lit(' :lYPrHl!('S fol' thl' Bil! Blllek i{in'l', Thl' n"I'I'nl!l'S of the l'ulios of silien to olh('I' ('ollsliilf('/il" ill the' ('olloid;; of lh(, 'Big Blnck Hinl' nn' fill hil!IH'l' thnll Ihos(' of thl' fil'st fi\'(', This illdi('ntC's thllt lhl' Bil! Blne" j{in'1' ('olloid is I(,ss "'('nlh(,I'I'd :llld kndl(,d t hall thl' oth('l's: III compnl'isoll 10 thl' silif'n, til(' Hi)! Bin('" Hin'l' colloid hIlS losl- mo/'(' bnsc's thnll lhl' ('olloids fl'Ofll thp oth!'l' l'i,'('I'S, Thl' hns('s HI'C' I'('pln('('d h," Wnl('I', hul till' Big Blu!'k i{in'l' colloid;; hH\'(' Ilot H('qllif'('d a;; mll('h WHtl'1' ns thl' qll:lfllitil's of l'l'IlIHillillg- silica illdi('nl!', Th(, a"l'I'ill!!' of lhp l'nlios of ;;ili('/I to tolnl hn;;(';; ill lhl' Big' Blne!;: l{i,'C'l' is \I,:{~: ill the' otll('I'S, Ii ,!.Hl , Thl' n,'('l'ng(' IH'I'I'('lItng'I' of comhill(d WlIt!'1' ill thp I~ig' Bln('" l{i,'!,1' colloid i;; sliglltly g'n'1I11'1' lhnll il is ill thl' ('olloids of Lhl' (,th(,1' l'i,'l'l's, hilt til!' :I\'PI':lg'l' pel'('('11I ngl';; or ,,"fltl'1' pili;; lhl' ,,'HU'I' ('(lllinil('II! or h:lsPS :11'(' 11('nl'l-" 1'lIlI:iI,

Th(, Ynl'ious I'lltios H;; wr-\I liS lhl' P('('('('lllllgl'S or ('Olllhill(,d Wllt('1' "nl'." sOIlH,,,'hn!. bilL lhl' SlIfll or til(' WHtl'1' ('(llli":"!'lIt of thl' hlls!'s pllls Lilt' ('of1lbilll'd \\,a[('1' mo/'(' Il ['n 1'1," approneh(,s a ('OIlStllflt \':1111(' ill the' colloids of nil thl' soil;;. Th(, flIl'nll is II A IH'I,(,1'1l1. Th(, n"('I'II~(' dl"'iatioll 1'1'0111 t Itt' IIlPIIII is 0.41 IlI'f"('(,IlL This illdil'H II'S t 1111 t the' rnill('mlo~i('nl ('olllJ)osition of thp ('olloi:IS(,"; :11'(' nS";l'lll hl!'d ill 1,1 hi!' I ;~, Tltl's!' :I\'('rllg:lriso" (II' t hl' I>:IS(,:; ill thl' IWI/('I:I\' lIlutl'riffl or tltC',.;!' sllil". witlt till' II\'C'I'Ill!(' liS ('sfiflllll('d ill thl' 1()~lllil(' ('rllst or ,It I' 1':II'tit l.Wl. 'I'hi" l'o/llp:;ri;;O/I is lIot illll'lId(,d liS 1I I1U':lSIII'I.' of tltc' ('xl('lIt uf Wf'lIlh('rillg' tlwl ItIlS

6ti TECHXICAL Bl'I"LE'I'I~ 833, U. S. D'Jo:P'l'. OF AGHICliLTFRE

(nk('n plll('r in titr mntpl'inl. Thl' g'

67 ALLUVIAL SOlL!'; OF THE ,\IISSI:-;:-;IPPI BMilX

EASTEnN TllmUTAlllES

1Yith f(,W ('X('('ptiOllS th(' p('r('('ntng('s of ('nlcillm, IlJ II gil psi IIlll , potussiurn, fllHI sodium oxidps for the' t'llstprll trilm(nri(s tothe' :\Iissisf'ippi !lin'r, nssprnbh'd ill lhp first s!'etion of inhl(' 1:3, ilHli('atC' thnt t h('sp soils nre rat her thorollghly d!'bllspd wi tit rf'Rp!'et to nil four bnsl's ('x('('pt potussium. Lpss hydrolysis npparmtly hus O("('Ul"1"('(\ ill tll(' Ohio, Clill("h, nnd Dig HInck Hin'r profile's, in which high(r Iwr('('lltng('s of euieiull1, potUSSiUIll, ami sodium nl"!' notNI, Uum ill tht' otlwr thrf'(. 1')1(' higlwl" I)('f"{'('ntllg(' of bllsps in tht Ohio profil( IU'(' lwrlmps ("11 l1s('(1 by thp infl.l(IHt' of the' gl:1

68 TECIL'IICAL BULLET'IN 833, U. S. D'EP'J'. OF AGHICUL'TUHE

In the ease of the' Yazoo City profile', which is Wl'I1 rlmil1e'd and has a, low wuter table, Ule' 1I0neluy material is nlso low in euieiulll (0.26 percent). Tho soil is ficid nnd lUIs n pH of 5.3. The loss of en]eiullI 1\.11d the denlopnH'nt of acid ellltrndpr pl'rhnps took plllel' bPl'orC' the' rna teriu] was deposi tc'd in its prl'Sl'l1 t 10('11 lion (s('(' p. 25). Thl' l1oll.elny mlltl'rinl of Ill(' Bnton llougl' proJil(' is Imlikr Lhnt oJ tilt, Ynzoo City prom!' in ('ompositioll but Vl'ry similm' lo it ill tl'xLlll"(' a,nd e'11\'il"Olllllcnt. Thl' lI1ntl'rin.l ('olltnills n mthl'r high ('olltl'ni of eneh of tIlt' foUl" bas0s. Thl' I)(,]"('pntng(' of ('nll'ill1lJ oxide' is 1.22. 'I'll(' rnng(' of pH in thr soil profill's is from 5.8 to 7.4. 'I'h(' soil, lik(' that of till' Ynzoo Cit), pmfih-, is \n'll dmin(,d llnd lu)s 11 low \\"alpr tflllIP. 'I'll(' material of lhis profile' 110 doubt is ('omposcd Inrgl'1y of slighlly w('ulll('n'd mil h'rinl tl"ll1lsportc,d by ill(' Wl'sU'l"1\ tri btl Inri'.'s to ill(' ~lississjppi 100dullds. 'I'll(' /IInlplinl of tiL(' Yazoo pmlill' is c'olllposl'd to some 0xll'l1toh"llr.\"illg qllnntilic's of 10l'SS 111ld Conslnl Plnill mnt('rinl whieh con']'s the' ('ns('1"11 drnillHg(' llI"l'n of Ill

69 ALLUVIAL SOILS OF THE 1.JISS1SSIPPl BA81~

cnse of potnssium which is w('11 l'etnil1l'd. The cnlcium, mnglH'siulll, and sodiullJ of till' none1ay material of thc' w('s1:('1"11 tl'ihutari('s, ex("lusiYe of those of the Interior Highlands, un' about 50 1)(,1'("C'nt I'dailH'd. The avernge contE-nt of the pntnssium is li(ti('jpss t1lnll til(' HY('mgl' for the 10-mill' crust of the ('nl'th.

The compnrison of t11('s(' dain for til(' ('ast('1"11 trihutnries and tll(' rivers of till' lntel'ior Highlands with those of the \\'('st('1"11 irilnltari('s shows, ppl'haps to som;' ('Xlt'llt, the difl'l'J"('llce in disintq:~m.tion and (jphasing tha,t has taken plal'(, in thC'sl' difl'eJ"('nt drnillflgl' Iu('as. 'I'll(' CMISt'S of these' difft'rNIC(~S canllot 1)(' attl'ihlltC'd to allY onC' factor. Olle fnrtOl" is th{' c1iff('I'l'n('(\ in gC'ologieal material, nllotlt'(IJ" the (\ifl"l'ren("(' in length of Limp W('IIt\\('I'(,ci, but lH'rhaps the great('st fuetor is tIll' clifl"('I"('II(,(, in e1imn.t(', pnl'ticlIlnrly the' minfnll. A rl'\'iew oJ til (,S(' datn shows that L1\(' potassium in ('very casp hns 1wen little lliTl'ctI,d hy the wNI,th('rillg ])J"OC('SSl'S in compnl'isoll to tIl(' mngll('sium, calciU1l1, und sodium.

How('yel', till' loss of hns('s from tIl(' nonelay lI1ntt'l"inl is not to 1)(' nssllm('d to 1)(' lost from the' soil ns fI, wholl'. 1fll('h of t1u' hast's is lint. '1'h(' colloidnJ mntl'l'inl s('ems to l'('taill certain of Lhl'sl' bases to n gn'ntl'r 01' iess('J" ('xtc'nt thnll it dol's otllt'rs. This may be seen fl"OlII a comparison of tll(, nY('mg('s of tht' bas{'s in thl' lIoneiay part of till' nlluyinl soils of t11C' ~lississippi Valll'.\' and thl' av('mg('s of til(' hns('s in till' colloidal pnrt. Tlws(' u\'('rng('s lin' nss('mhINI in tabl(, 14.

TAHI.E 14.-('111111111.1'801/ of (l1'CI'fl(//' lJ1'7'('("II/a(/I's,)f bl1sl',~ in IIII/Ico//oda[' aw/ colloidal II/(Itl'l"i(ll of the alllll'ial ,w/'il,~ II) the JIis,~is"i]l(li iNI'cr Vallc!J

("nO .\\gO ;-;UIIl- _

LOl'tltioll ph's I NoncOI-, CoIloi- iXOIl

70 TEca,lCAL BULLETlX 833, t:, S, DEPT, OF AGIU(TLTl~BE

areas ch'ained by the \\'pstcrn tri hu tflrips, :\ Imw of thc mi('fls ('ontain about 10 pc.n'cnt potflssium oxi(lp Uj) n.nd m:(' klIO\\,1 to br quiLc' rpsistant to \\'('athcrillg, But it is to hc' l'Xlwctc'd that, us they 1)('('0111(' frugmcnt('(1 and. partinlly hydroIY;.';('fl in hp('omillg n pnrt of tILl' (,lay minerals, t1lPY wOlllfL l'dn ill n

71 ALTX\'IAL SOIL:-\ UF TH.E :\11,,:-\1"::";11'1'1 HA:-iLX

TARI," 1,1,- .1Iit/l'/u/lI!!i,,,/ COII/7)().~iti()/I 11111/ /"{'/'hu' 0/ da/,,: ('lIll,Jid.~ of oll/wiu/ .~()i/., of till J/i,~.,i""ipfii INul'/', n., /I'i/JII/aries, I1l1d /1I/lIU/III.~

~;A"TI';ll:-:- TI!IBI'T.\HIE"; OHIO, ('l.\IHI;IU,A:-:-Il, TJ-;;'\:\' 1';""Jo; I':, IHT", ";'\1) (,1.1:\,('1[1{i\'Jo;H"

\lolet'lIlnr ntlios ('Olll~ hill/Of!

(-0111' Wall'r,.'1lIturil's un'rag('s :{'12 Hlld :{.OS, l'l'sppeti\'('ly. III g'l'lIl'r:Ii. tli(, ('Ollli' of tlil'st' ('olloids illdi(,Ht('S tlil' pr('sl'IIt'('oflittlt' 1'1'('(' iroll OXitil' (I"('~():l' '~lI t lIri(s.

'r1w I'Hlios of sili(,lI to tot:Ii I>HS('S slio\\' a rlltli('r Iligli hH"l' ('Ollt('IIt. ,!,hr' nlrintiolls ill til(,S(' ratios :11'(' ill !.!'l'II('rnl slllnil nlld' too illl'Ollsistl'111 to b(' of Hid ill II lIlilll'r:Iiog'i(':Ii ('IHS~ifi('H lioll.