Chemical and

physical properties

All substances have properties…Including people!

Example:

People can be identified by their …

Face (shape,

expressions)

Voice Height Finger prints

Eye color Hair color Teeth DNA

What are properties?• Matter has observable and measurable

qualities.

• We can use general properties to identify substances.

• All matter has 2 types of properties: Physical

properties and chemical properties.

Physical properties

• A physical property is a

characteristic of a

substance that can be

observed without changing

the substance into another

substance.

– (You can see it without

changing what you’re

looking at into something

else.)

Physical Properties

• Physical properties can be

extensive or intensive:

– Extensive properties

depend on the amount of a

substance that you have.

(measurable)

– Intensive properties don’t

depend on how much you

have.

• Examples of extensive

physical properties include:

– Volume

– Mass

– Weight

– Size

• Examples of intensive

physical properties include:

– Density

– Melting point

– Boiling point

Physical Properties - Examples• Other physical properties include:

– Color

– Hardness

– Odor

– Taste

– State of matter

– Texture

– Luster (shine)

– Flexibility

– Heat conductivity

– Electrical conductivity

– Solubility (ability to dissolve in

water.)

– Shape

– Viscosity

– Ductility

– Malleability

Let’s review

• Mass- the amount of matter in

an object

Ex. A bowling ball has more

mass than a ping pong ball.

• Volume- is the amount of

space that matter takes up.

Ex. The Atlantic Ocean holds a

larger volume of water than a

gallon container.

• So….. What’s density?

Density is the amount of

mass in a given volume. In

other words, how much stuff

in a certain amount of

space.

Which is more dense, a

tennis ball or a bowling ball?

Density• Density is found my finding

the mass (g) and dividing it

by the volume (cm3).

• Formula for density

• Density= mass/volume or

D=m/v

Density dilemma!!! Both have the

same volume…

Volume= 100 cm3(cubic centimeter)

Ball A: 200g D=200g/100cm3=

2g/cm3

Ball B: 150g D=150g/100cm3=

1.5g/cm3

BALL A IS MORE DENSE

How do we find the volume?

Scientists use different ways to calculate the volume of an object. One way is by using a

graduated cylinder to observe how much water is displaced (moved) by the object.

Ex. Fill the cylinder with 20mL of water and place the object inside. The water level raises to 25

mL. 5mL of water has been displaced (25-20) which means the volume of the object is 5mL.

Find the density of the object if the mass was 15g.

• Density= 15g/5mL= 3g/mL

Density

• The property of density

can help us determine the

substance.

• Known: Gold has a

density of 19.3 g/mL

• Unknown substance

Mass: 50g

It displaced 10mL of water.

What’s the density?

• Is this gold?

• It’s actually pyrite… fools

gold! It has a density of

5g/mL

State of matter-observable features

• Solid, liquids and gases

• This property of matter is

affected by temperature and

pressure.

• Ice= water in solid state

• Water= water in liquid state

(ocean/clouds)

• Vapor= water in gaseous

state.

• Each molecule is the same, 2

H & 1 O.

Boiling Point/Melting Point

• The temperature at which

a substance changes from

a liquid to a gas is called

the boiling point.

• The boiling point of water

is 212 degrees F or 100

degrees Celsius

• The temperature at which

a substance changes from

a solid to a liquid is called

the melting point.

• Melting point of water 0

degrees Celsius

• We’ll be checking the melting

and boiling points of other

substances soon…

Physical properties

• List as many physical

properties as you can for

this item

Chemical properties

• A Chemical property is a

characteristic of a

substance that can only be

observed by changing it

into a different substance.

Chemical properties - Examples

• Examples of chemical

properties include:

– The ability to burn or set to fire-

flammability/combustibility

– Ability to tarnish-lose luster

(shininess)

– Ability to rust (oxidation)

– Ability to decompose(to break

down)

– Ability to react with other chemicals

– Instability- substance being

unstable; breaking and down and

releasing toxins,etc.

Cool chemical reactions

• https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=0KFAoqODZok

Chemical properties

• List as many chemical

properties as you can for

this item.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Titanium is very strong and

doesn’t rust, so it is often

used in jet engines.

• Titanium is also

nonallergenic. This,

combined with the fact that

it is rust proof makes it

great for artificial joints as

well as piercings.• Has a low reactivity--- rusting.

Luster- jewelry.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Tungsten is usually used

as the filament in

lightbulbs because it has

the highest melting point of

any metal.

• It glows red hot when

electricity runs through it,

and it gives off both heat

and light.• No combustion/flammability--

ductile

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Vanadium is heavier and

harder than titanium, so

mixing a tiny bit of

vanadium with steel can

make cheap tools that are

still very strong.

• Malleable

• Durable

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Helium is almost

completely nonreactive

(inert).

• It is lighter than air, so it’s

great for floating balloons

(or making funny voices.)

• When electricity runs

through helium, it glows a

creamy pale peach color.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• In 1943, all US pennies

were made of zinc plated

steel because copper was

being used in the war.

The pennies had to be

coated with zinc because

steel will rust, but zinc

won’t.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Sulfur smells awful.

Rotten eggs, onions, and

garlic all have sulfur in

them. Stink bombs use

sulfur to create a bad

smell.

• Sulfur is also flammable,

and it is one of the 3 main

ingredients in gun powder.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• Chromium is famous for its

intense luster. Chrome

plated tools, jewlery,

silverware, or car parts are

very popular.

Chemical and physical properties – So

what?• The most dense elements

are Iridium and osmium

which have a density of

about 22.6 g/cm3

Using chapter 5 section 1&2

Physical Property

• Create a chart writing down

the differences and

examples of both chemical

and physical properties

• Include at least 3 examples

and a drawing

Chemical Property