Chemical disaster and

its preventionM.JAHNAVII.D NO:TAM/2014-10.M.Sc I YEAR.DEPT.OF ENTOMOLOGY.

CHEMICAL HAZARD

A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical accidents could occur under certain circumstances. Have two type Physical and Health

Chemical hazards

• Chemicals can affect the skin by contact or the body either through the digestive system or through the lungs if air is contaminated with chemicals, vapors, mist or dust. There can be an acute (immediate) effect, or a chronic (medium to long-term) effect from the accumulation of chemicals or substances in or on the body.

Categories of hazardous chemicals:Flammable or explosive

Gasoline, kerosene

Irritating to skin, lungs, eyesStrong acids, strong alkali (lye), paint fumes

Interfere with oxygen uptake, delivery, and use in body

Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen sulfide, cyanide

hazardous chemicals

Chemical disasters occurred in world

• In 2005,petroleum refinery in texas city,united states ,15 were killed.

• Sep 2001,300 tonnes of ammonium nitrate explosion taken places.

• Feb 2000,poisonous chemical spills took place 2.5 million people were killed.

• May 2014,gas cylinder explosion in west Godavari.

The Bhopal Disaster

Bhopal Scenario

Union Carbide Corporation

Background on the Bhopal Disaster

•What happened at the Bhopal Disaster ?

•When did it occur?

• Where did it occur?

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_BnOcsiQtRf8/SxdOUxn50-I/AAAAAAAAMLE/faIx9kWV4Pg/s1600-h/bhopal_bbc_02.gif

How did this incident occur?

What is Methyl Isocyanate?

• Clear, colorless, sharp smelling liquid

• Highly flammable• Extremely toxic • Volatile reaction with

water in about 10 minutes

What is MIC used for?

• Union Carbide used MIC to produce a insecticide called Carbaryl

• MIC reacts with 1-naphthol in a hydrolysis process to produce Carbaryl

Side Effects of Inhaling Methyl Isocyanate

• Effects at 0.4ppm– Breathlessness– Choking – Asthma– Throat Irritation– Eye Irritation – Skin Damage– Vomiting– Muscular Weakness– Altered Consciousness

• Effects at 21ppm– Pulmonary Edema– Emphysema– Hemorrhages– Bronchial Pneumonia– Death

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BnOcsiQtRf8/SxdOUsEHdjI/AAAAAAAAMK8/562N5z3NRNw/s1600-h/bhopal_bbc_03.gif

Animal Slaughter

Societal Effects

• No or little earnings reduced self esteem• Heavy loans to pay for medicines• Children future destroyed• Children could be affected for life• Forgotten by media

Repercussions of the disaster?• Among the 500,000

people exposed to the gas:– 20,000 have died till date– 120,000 continue to suffer

• Out of every 3 children born after the Bhopal disaster, only 1 survived.

Remediation Process• Bhopal continues to suffer

the environmental contamination produced by the release of MIC

• Donations and medical/volunteer assistance has been provided

• Union Carbide accepted responsibility and agreed to a $470 million settlement

What happened to Union Carbide?

After the Bhopal Disaster, the company went out of business. They were bought by Dow Chemical in 2001.

Henna hazard: Chemical causes ornate allergies

Thank you for your attention ….

M.JAHNAVITAM/2014-10