Chemical Exergy Analysis of Oil Palm Waste and its Pelletized Derivatives

- Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma -

5th Conference on Emerging Energy and Process Technology (CONCEPT2016)

7th - 8th December 2016

Ancasa Residences, Port Dickson, Malaysia

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Arshad Ahmad, Anwar Johari, Tuan Amran T. Abdullah, Olagoke Oladokun, Habib Alkali

Co-authors

• Introduction

• Experimental

• Results

• Conclusion

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Contents

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Introduction

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• Malaysia 2nd Largest producer & exporter of Palm Oil• 5 Million hectares,• 75 million tons of Fresh Fruit

Bunches (FFB),• 400 palm oils mills.

• Crude Palm Oil (CPO) >>• Feedstock/Raw material for

food, confectionary, biodiesel

• Palm Oil Industry Foreign exchange, National Pride

Introduction

www.palmoilhealth.org

http://bit.ly/2gaTMeA

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Solid Waste >> Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS),Mesocarp Fibre (MCF), Palm Fronds, Palm Kernel Cake, Trunks

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• CPO production generates large quantities of waste >> • 1 kg CPO >> 4 kg of Solid

Waste, 12.4 kg of CO2

• Classification of Oil Palm Wastes;• Liquid (POME),• Solid Biomass Waste

• Solid Wastes >>Oil Mill and Plantation

www.mpoc.org.my

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http://bit.ly/2fgR4Fchttp://bit.ly/2fI22Ep

http://bit.ly/2fgSBLshttp://bit.ly/2g8mL53

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• National Biomass Strategy 2020 est. in 2013 >> NBS-2020.

• 20 million tonnes of OPW by 2020 into higher-value products and national income GNI by RM 30 billion

• NBS2020 >> meet its renewable energy target and reduce GHG emissions

Introduction

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• 200 Million Metric tons of wastes generated between year 2010 – 2015

• Current conversion technologies – open air burning, incineration, land filling, boiler fuel

• Inefficient, outdated, hazardous, unsustainable and expensive

• Increased GHGs, Loss of Biodiversity and Environmental challenges; eutrophication, leaching

http://bit.ly/2fgR4Fc

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Pre-Treatment & Valorisation of Oil Palm EFB Largest stock with low Value, High moisture, High Alkali, &Low Bulk Density

Introduction

DryingShredding

PelletizationTorrefaction

Fresh Oil Palm Fruit Bunches

Pelletized Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB)

Oil Palm Empty fruit Bunches (OPEFB)

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Study Objective

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To examine exergy values of empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), it’s pelletized and torrefied (torrefaction) derivatives.

To evaluate the effect of physicochemical and thermal properties on the chemical exergy values.

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Experimental

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Experimental

Acquisition of pelletized OPEFB (Felda Semenchu Oil Palm Mill in Johor.

Pulverization, Characterization & Torrefaction(Ultimate, proximate and calorific Analysis)

Chemical Exergy Analysis (Elemental analysis and heating values)

Comparison with other OPEFB Fuels in literature (Elemental analysis and heating values)

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Experimental

Where the terms β = Mass FractionECH, = Chemical Exergy LHV and HHV, = Heating Value H, O, N, = Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.

𝐸𝐶𝐻=𝛽×𝐻𝐻𝑉

𝛽=1.0438+0.00158 𝐻𝐶 +0.0813 𝑂𝐶 +0.0471 𝑁

𝐶

𝐸𝐶𝐻=1.08𝐻𝐻𝑉 −22.62𝐻−0.86𝑂+4.02𝑁

Exergy Equations

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Results

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Results

Fuel Properties Results

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Results

Chemical Exergy Results

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Conclusion

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Conclusions

The paper examined the physicochemical, thermal and chemical exergy values of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and its torrefied product.

The result showed that torrefaction improved the fuel properties of the raw feedstock and theoretical useful energy available for bioenergy applications.

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The EndTerima kasih(Thank you)

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Acknowledgement

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia through the Research University

Grants; Q.J130000.2509.07H12 and Q.J130000.2509.13H95.

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[2]Johnson, E. Goodbye to carbon neutral: Getting biomass footprints right. Environmental impact assessment review, 29, 2009, 3: 165-168.

[3]Nyakuma, B. B., Johari, A., Ahmad, A., Abdullah, T. A. T. Comparative analysis of the calorific fuel properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber and Briquette. Energy Procedia, 52, 2014: 466-473.

[4]Bilgen, S. Correlation for estimation of the chemical availability (exergy) from ultimate analysis of pyrolytic oils obtained from fast pyrolysis of biomass. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 38, 2016, 9: 1286-1292.

[5]Nyakuma, B. B., Ahmad, A., Johari, A., Tuan Abdullah, T. A., Oladokun, O., Aminu, Y. D. Non-Isothermal Kinetic Analysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pellets by Thermogravimetric Analysis. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 45, 2015: 1327-1332.

[6]Oladokun, O., Ahmad, A., Abdullah, T. A. T., Nyakuma, B. B., Bello, A. A.-H., Al-Shatri, A. H. Multicomponent devolatilization kinetics and thermal conversion of Imperata cylindrica. Applied Thermal Engineering, 105, 2016: 931-940.

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