Chemical Foundations- Elements, Atoms, Ions,

Alchemy – Part I of III

How did Chemistry Become a Science?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chemistry

Alchemy vs. Chemistry

The Alchemist

The Alchemist’s Dream

Zinc Pennies

Alchemy vs. Chemistry

Pure Science

Applied Science

Aluminum Mining

Corning Glass

Fertilizers (5-15-10)

Areas of Chemistry

Stereotypes of Chemists

A Career in Chemistry

Forensic Scientist

The Scope of Chemistry

Starting Salaries

The Alchemist

Frankly, I’d be satisfied if I could turn gold

into lead!

The Alchemist’s Dream

COPPER “SILVER” “GOLD”

Zinc coated Brass = Copper + Zinc

Penny into Gold - Alchemist Dream

Copper was used to makebullet shells in WW II. By 1943, the supply of coppermetal was in short supply. The US government did not want to ‘waste’ copper on making pennies.

Pennies were made with steel metal. They looked silver.

Zinc Pennies Before 1982, all pennies weresolid copper (except 1943).

After 1982, pennies were madefrom zinc. A thin coating ofcopper was pressed on the zinc.

A shortage of copper drove theprice of copper up in the early1980s. If melted down, the copper could be sold for more than one cent.

Democrat vs. Republican

Alike DifferentDifferent

Topic Topic

Democrat

politicians

ethicalun conservativeliberal

rightleft

support big business

support 'little man' ?

Republican

Alchemy vs. Chemistry

Alike Different

Chemistry

Different

Topic Topic

Alchemy

“I think you’ve crossed that thin line between transmuting and cooking.”

Paracelsus

Man consisted of three elementsSALT represented the bodySULFUR the soulMERCURY the spirit

He thought he could rearrange the amounts of the elements to change man.

He desired immortality and searched for a mystical elixir of life.

The Beginnings

The Greeks believed there

were four elements.

early practical chemistry:

household goods, weapons,

soap, wine, basic medicine

earth air fire water

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Timeline

2000 1000 300 AD

American Independence

(1776)

Issac Newton(1642 - 1727)

400 BC

Greeks (Democratus ~450 BC)

Discontinuous theory of matter

ALCHEMY

Greeks (Aristotle ~350 BC))

Continuous theory of matter

Alchemy

Allegedly, this substance would turn cheap metals into gold.

In Europe,alchemy was

the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone(the elixir, the Sorcerer’s Stone).

transmutation

In ordinary chemical reactions, we cannot

transmute elements into different elements.

changing one substance into another

COPPER GOLD

Philosopher’s Stone

Early Ideas on Elements

Robert Boyle stated...– A substance was an

element unless it could be broken down to two or more simpler substances.

– Air therefore could not be an element because it could be broken down in to many pure substances.

Robert Boyle

Alchemy

• After that 'chemistry' was ruled by alchemy.

• They believed that that could take any cheap metals and turn them into gold.

• Alchemists were almost like magicians.– elixirs, physical immortality

Alchemy Symbols

Alchemy

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON SAND

Alchemical symbols for substances…

transmutation: changing one substance into another

In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements.

GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

SAND

Alchemy (~500 – 1300 A.D.)

Alchemical symbols for substances…

transmutation: changing one substance into another

the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone

It was supposed to change cheap metals into gold.

In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements.

Contributions of alchemists: lab apparatus / procedures how to make some alloys properties of some elements

The Alchemist, by David Teniers

Alchemy was practiced in many regions of the

world, including China and the Middle East.

Alchemy arrived in western Europe

around the year 500 C.E.

Modern chemistry evolved from alchemy.

Contributionsof alchemists:

Information about elementsInformation about elements - the elements mercury, sulfur, and antimony were discovered- properties of some elements

Develop lab apparatus / procedures / experimental techniquesDevelop lab apparatus / procedures / experimental techniques - alchemists learned how to prepare acids. - developed several alloys - new glassware