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OLR (1982) 29 (5) 273 Increased levels of atmospheric CO 2 will have only a minor effect on the Earth's climate, based on an empirical examination of 'natural experiments' such as the seasonal distribution of atmospheric dust and water vapor at Phoenix, Arizona, and annual variations in solar radiation received at the Earth's surface. USDA, Water Conserv. Lab., Phoenix, Ariz., USA. (mjj) C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY C10. Apparatus and methods 82:2169 Abu-Hilal, A.H. and J.P. Riley, 1981. The spectro- photometric determination of antimony in water, effluents, marine plants and silicates. Analytica chim. Acta, 131:175-186. Sb is concentrated by co-precipitation with hydrous zirconium oxide and oxidized with sodium nitrite; the SbC16-crystal violet ion pair is solvent extracted and its absorbance measured at 610 nm. Application of the method (detection limit: 0.005/tg/L) to water, algae and silicates is discussed. Riley: Dept. of Oceanog., Univ. of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liv- erpool L69 3BX, UK. (bwt) 82:2170 de Groot, A.J. and K.H. Zschuppe, 1981. Contri- bution to the standardization of the methods of analysis for heavy metals in sediments. Rapp. P.-v. R~un. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Met, 181:111-122. Sampling procedures; preservation, preparation and chemical analysis of samples; and the presentation of analytical results are reviewed. It is suggested that the linear relationship between heavy metal content and the (20, (16 or (2 /~m granular fraction provides the best basis for standardizing heavy mineral data presentation. An alternative method might be based upon the heavy metal/aluminum ratio. Includes 146 references. Delft Hydraulics Lab., P.O. Box 30003, 9750 RA Haren (Gr.), Netherlands. (hbf) 82:2171 Goulden, P.D., D.H.J. Anthony and K.D. Austen, 1981. Determination of arsenic and selenium in water, fish, and sediments by inductively coupled argon plasma [ICAP] emission spectrometry. Analyt. Chem., 53(13):202%2029. The semi-automated system uses hydride generation. With a preconcentration step (X4) for water, detec- tion limits are 0.02 and 0.03 /~g/L for As and Se, respectively. Fish are digested with nitric, perchloric, and sulfuric acids; sediments are brought into solution by fusion with NaOH. The system uses conventional continuous flow equipment connected to a 'larger-diameter-than-usual' torch in the ICAP instrument. Nat. Water Res. Inst., Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. 82:2172 He, Chengshun, Kaifu Zhou and Guanxi Zhang, 198 I. Determination of mercury at the ppt level in seawater by enrichment with sulfhydryl cotton and the cold vapor atomic absorption method. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):33-40. (In Chi- nese, English abstract.) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China. 82:2173 Xiong, Xiaoxian and Rubo Zang, 1981. Studies on the application of 5-CI-Padab in the analysis of seawater: spectrophotometric determination of cobalt. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):61-66. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China. 82:2174 Zhang, Tianfu, Tangxiu Gu and Xianyi Xu, 1981. Determination of nitrates and nitrites in seawater by gas chromatography. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):49-52. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China.
Transcript
Page 1: Chemical oceanography

OLR (1982) 29 (5) 273

Increased levels of atmospheric CO 2 will have only a minor effect on the Earth's climate, based on an empirical examination of 'natural experiments' such as the seasonal distribution of atmospheric dust and

water vapor at Phoenix, Arizona, and annual variations in solar radiation received at the Earth's surface. USDA, Water Conserv. Lab., Phoenix, Ariz., USA. (mjj)

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

C10. Apparatus and methods

82:2169 Abu-Hilal, A.H. and J.P. Riley, 1981. The spectro-

photometric determination of antimony in water, effluents, marine plants and silicates. Analytica chim. Acta, 131:175-186.

Sb is concentrated by co-precipitation with hydrous zirconium oxide and oxidized with sodium nitrite; the SbC16-crystal violet ion pair is solvent extracted and its absorbance measured at 610 nm. Application of the method (detection limit: 0.005/tg/L) to water, algae and silicates is discussed. Riley: Dept. of Oceanog., Univ. of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liv- erpool L69 3BX, UK. (bwt)

82:2170 de Groot, A.J. and K.H. Zschuppe, 1981. Contri-

bution to the standardization of the methods of analysis for heavy metals in sediments. Rapp. P.-v. R~un. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Met, 181:111-122.

Sampling procedures; preservation, preparation and chemical analysis of samples; and the presentation of analytical results are reviewed. It is suggested that the linear relationship between heavy metal content and the ( 2 0 , ( 1 6 or ( 2 /~m granular fraction provides the best basis for standardizing heavy mineral data presentation. An alternative method might be based upon the heavy metal/aluminum ratio. Includes 146 references. Delft Hydraulics Lab., P.O. Box 30003, 9750 RA Haren (Gr.), Netherlands. (hbf)

82:2171 Goulden, P.D., D.H.J. Anthony and K.D. Austen,

1981. Determination of arsenic and selenium in water, fish, and sediments by inductively coupled

argon plasma [ICAP] emission spectrometry. Analyt. Chem., 53(13):202%2029.

The semi-automated system uses hydride generation. With a preconcentration step (X4) for water, detec- tion limits are 0.02 and 0.03 /~g/L for As and Se, respectively. Fish are digested with nitric, perchloric, and sulfuric acids; sediments are brought into solution by fusion with NaOH. The system uses conventional continuous flow equipment connected to a 'larger-diameter-than-usual' torch in the ICAP instrument. Nat. Water Res. Inst., Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.

82:2172 He, Chengshun, Kaifu Zhou and Guanxi Zhang,

198 I. Determination of mercury at the ppt level in seawater by enrichment with sulfhydryl cotton and the cold vapor atomic absorption method. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):33-40. (In Chi- nese, English abstract.) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China.

82:2173 Xiong, Xiaoxian and Rubo Zang, 1981. Studies on

the application of 5-CI-Padab in the analysis of seawater: spectrophotometric determination of cobalt. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):61-66. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China.

82:2174 Zhang, Tianfu, Tangxiu Gu and Xianyi Xu, 1981.

Determination of nitrates and nitrites in seawater by gas chromatography. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):49-52. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Acad. Sinica, People's Republic of China.

Page 2: Chemical oceanography

274 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1982) 29 (5)

C40. Area studies, surveys

82:2175 Stanley, S.O., J.W. Leftley, A. Lightfoot, N. Rob-

ertson, I.M. Stanley and I. Vance, 1981. The Loch Ell [west Scotlandl Project: sediment chemistry, sedimentation, and the chemistry of the overlying water in Loch Ell. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 55(2/3):299-313.

Studies suggest that monthly measurements of sedimentation rates do not provide a true picture of sedimentation; monthly measurements are more likely to be representative if made during neap tides. Short-term variations in water nutrients are related to tidal cycles and are influenced by the release of nutrients from the sediment. Dunstaffnage Mar. Res. Lab., Oban, Argyll, Scotland.

C80. Physical chemistry in seawater 82:2176

Nakayama, Eiichiro, Tooru Kuwamoto, Hiroyuki Tokoro and Taitiro Fujinaga, 1981. Chemical speciation of chromium in seawater. 3. The determination of chromium species. Analytica chim. Acta, 131:247-254.

A consideration of organic Cr complexes' decom- position and the coprecipitation of Cr with hydrated Fe(III) and bismuth oxides led to a method for determining Cr(III), Cr(VI) and organically-bound Cr in seawater: ~ 15%, ~25% and ~60%, respec- tively, of seawater's ~ 9 × 10 -9 M dissolved Cr. Inconsistencies with earlier results are attributed to neglect of organically-bound Cr. Res. Center for Instrum. Analysis, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 606, Japan. (isz)

CI10. Radioactivity, radioisotopes

82:2177 Carpenter, R. and T.M. Beasley, 1981. Plutonium

and americium in anoxic marine sediments: evidence against remobilization. Geochim. cos- mochim. Acta, 45(10):1917-1930.

Distributions of Pu-239 + 240, Pu-238, Am-241, Cs-137, and Pb-2 l0 were studied in anoxic basins off Canada, Venezuela, and Costa Rica and in an oxic basin in a Canadian fjord. Measurement of Pb-210 was especially important in deciding whether sed- iments had completely recovered as well as in providing evidence for continuity of deposition or mixing. All evidence argued that 'Pu is not rapidly

remobilized in anoxic sediments.' Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA. (mwf)

82:2178 Chung, Y., 1981. 21°pb and 226Ra distributions in the

Circumpolar waters. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 55(2):205-216.

Pb-210 and Ra-226 data from Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors together with published G~OSECS data revealed that Ra-226 was uniformly distributed throughout the region and essentially linearly cor- related with Si and Ba. Pb-210 had a subsurface maximum apparently originating near the South Sandwich Islands and a deficiency at depth that, along with the low Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio, suggested rapid particulate scavenging or a short mean residence time of Antarctic Bottom Water in the region. Scripps Inst. of Oceanog., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (mwf)

82:2179 Koide, M., P.W. Williams and E.D. Goldberg, 1981.

241Am/239+z4°pu ratios in the marine environment. Mar. environ. Res., 5(3):241-246.

The 241Am/239+ 24°pu ratio is at least a factor of two higher in particulates of California coastal waters than values previously reported for unfiltered waters and sediments--attributed to a greater water solu- bility for Pu relative to Am species. Values in mussels indicate primarily a particulate uptake. Sorption experiments of Pu and Am from seawater to glass beads, rayon fibers and filter papers are consistent with particulate uptake. Scripps Inst. of Oceanog., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA.

82:2180 Li, Yuan-Hui, P.H. Santschi, Archie Kaufman, L.K.

Benninger and H.W. Feely, 1981. Natural radio- nuclides in waters of the New York Bight. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 55(2):217-228.

Winter and spring data compared with earlier summer and fall studies suggested that Th-228 and Pb-210 were adsorbed onto suspended particles in shelf water. In slope areas they were removed by the phytoplankton-zooplankton-fecal pellet pathway, as was Po-210 in all bight waters. Half-removal time did not change much seasonally except in winter when radionuclides were returned to surface waters. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA. (mwf)

82:2181 Olsen, C.R., H.J. Simpson and R.M. Trier, 1981.

Plutonium, radiocesium and radiocobalt in sed-

Page 3: Chemical oceanography

OLR (1982) 29 (5) C. Chemical Oceanography 275

iments of the Hudson River Estuary. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 55(3):377-392.

Measurements on more than 500 samples from piston and gravity cores revealed significant activ- ities of 238pu, 239'24°pu, 134Cs, 6°C0 and 137Cs through- out the estuary. Whereas nearly all fallout-delivered 239,24°pu appears to have been trapped, only 10-30% of 6°C0, ~34Cs and 137Cs appears so. Distributions are related to sediment accumulation rate changes; fine particle spreading; years of peak fallout and of maximum reactor release; and desorption of '37Cs, 134Cs and sJCo at higher salinities. Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830, USA. (isz)

C120. Dissolved gases

82:2182 Brooks, J.M., D.F. Reid and B.B. Bernard, 1981.

Methane in the upper water column of the northwestern Guff of Mexico. J. geophys. Res., 86(C11)" 11,029-11,040.

Dissolved methane maxima were seen in closely spaced samples from over 50 stations between 1975 and 1977. Maxima most frequently occurred in the upper part of the pycnocline. In-situ bacterial production within the reducing microenvironments of suspended particles may support the layers, with advection determining their extent and distribution. Dept. of Oceanogr., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex. 77843, USA. (mwf)

82:2183 Jones, E.P. and A.R. Coote, 1981. Oceanic CO 2

produced by the precipitation of CaCO 3 from brines in sea ice. J. geophys. Res., 86(Cll): 11,041-11,043.

Preferential CaCO 3 precipitation can explain the observed CO 2 supersaturation in some arctic waters, producing a CO2 flux into the ocean in ice-covered waters of 1.5 mol m-2y -t or a total of 6 × 10 t3 mol y-I for both polar regions. Bedford Inst. of Oceanog., Dartmouth, N.S. B2Y 4A2, Canada.

82:2184 Shiller, A.M., 1981. Calculating the oceanic CO 2

increase: a need for caution. J. geophys. Res., 86(C1 I): 11,083-11,088.

Attempts to back-calculate CO 2 to its initial com- position at the sea surface may not provide reliable estimates of an oceanic CO 2 increase because analogous back-calculations of nitrate, using the same mixing corrections for Antarctic Intermediate

Water, show little effect. Additional evidence sug- gests CO2 back-calculation results are probably too high. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (mwf)

C150. Particulate matter

82:2185 Sasaki, H. and S. Nishizawa, 1981. Vertical flux

profiles of particulate material in the sea off Sanriku [Japan]. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 6(2): 191- 201.

A series of newly designed particle collectors was used to study material sinking to depths between 50 and 500 m in June 1977 and May 1978. More than 90% of particles >125 p diameter were of fecal origin; maximum flux was 418 mg C m-2d -t at 100 m, about 1/3 the daily primary production. The vertical profile was very different from that of simultane- ously observed POC, suggesting that real flux of materials is different from conventional estimates. Lab. of Oceanog., Tohoku Univ., Sendal, 980 Japan. (mwf)

C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO- PHYSICS)

82:2186 Bradshaw, A.L., P.G. Brewer, D.K. Shafer and R.T.

Williams, 1981. Measurements of total carbon dioxide and alkalinity by potentiometric titration in the GEOSECS program. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 55(1):99-115.

Reprocessing data from analysis of ~6000 deter- minations of alkalinity and total CO 2 revealed an error of about + 12 panol/kg in the total CO2 data. Differences in applications of GEOSECS functions during Atlantic and Pacific-Indian Ocean expedi- tions led to an error of only + 5 /maol/kg for the Atlantic; corrections can be applied to increase precision and accuracy of all data. These findings account for the error previously diagnosed by Takahashi. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mwO

82:2187 DeMaster, D.J., 1981. The supply and accumulation

of sifica in the marine environment. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 45(10): 1715-1732.

To quantify major repositories of marine silica, biogenlc accumulation was examined in upwelling

Page 4: Chemical oceanography

276 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1982) 29 (5!

areas, estuaries, and deep-sea deposits, especially around Antarctica. Characteristic time scale was 18,000 yr, approximately the mean residence time of silica in the oceans. An exact budget was not possible; 'about 2/3 of the silica supplied to the marine environment could be accounted for in continental margin and deep-sea deposits.' Dept. of Mar., Earth and Atmos. Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650, USA. (mwf)

82:2188 Duff, L.G., 1981. The Loch Eil ]west Scotland]

Project: effect of organic matter input on inter- stitial water chemistry of Loch Eil sediments. J. expl mat'. Biol. Ecol., 55(2/3):315-328.

Of 2 stations, the one with greater cellulose input showed a more active microbial population (SO4 2 reducers and cellulose degraders) and a higher organic degradation rate in response to the high organic 1oadr Public Authority for Water Res., P.O. Box 5575, Ruwi, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. (bwt)

82:2189 Filipek, L.H. and R.M. Owen, 1981. Diagenetic

controls of phosphorus in outer continental-shelf sediments from the Gulf of Mexico. Chem. Geol., 33(3/4): J 81-204.

No significant change in extractable P occurs with depth in these low-carbonate sediments. Inorganic P at the surface and at the subsurface oxidation maximum is largely associated with oxidized Fe, while in more reduced sediments, P is associated with Mg, K, A1 and reduced Fe. The observed high P accumulation rates lead to speculation that the continental shelves are a major sink for terrestrially- derived P. USGS, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, Mail Stop 955, Denver, Colo. 80225, USA. (slr)

82:2190 Frenet, M., 1981. The distribution of mercury,

cadmium and lead between water and suspended matter in the Loire Estuary as a function of the hydrological regime. Wat. Res., 15(12):1343- 1350.

Hg, Pb, and Cd in filtered water and suspended sediments were classified according to geographical repartition, salinity, tidal state, etc. Laboratory study showed the affinity of suspended material for the metals; results emphasize the importance of salinity in metal repartition between water and sediments. Lab. de Geol. Mar., UER des Sci. de la Terre, Nantes, France.

82:2191 Gieskes, J.M. and J.R. Lawrence, 1981. Alteration of

volcanic matter in deep sea sediments: evidence from the chemical composition of interstitial waters from deep sea drilling cores. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 45(10):1687-1703.

Interstitial water chemistries and oxygen isotope mass balances of 6 DSDP sites confirm the domi- nant influence of alteration reactions of Layer 2 basalts and sediment column volcanics on concen- tration gradients of Ca, Mg, K and H2rsO in pelagic sediments. CaCO 3 recrystallization and opaline silica transformation appear to be of minor importance. Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA. (isz)

82:2192 Lew, Myron, 1981. The distribution of some major

and trace elements in sediments of the Atlantic Ocean (DSDP samples). 1. The distribution of sulphur, sulphur isotopes, and Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. Chem. Geol., 33(3/4):205-224.

Analysis of 163 samples from 19 DSDP cores showed highest S concentrations in sediments with the highest (C/N)org ratio. Basin sediments had low organic C and low S, totaling 29% of S in all Atlantic Ocean sediments. 834S for pyrite averaged -19 ppt. 'Relative to nearshore sediments, Fe showed the same concentration, Zn and Cu were slightly enriched, and Mn was two-fold concentrated. ' Intevep, Los Teques, Edo. Miranda, Apdo. 76343, Caracas 1071, Venezuela. (mwf)

82:2193 Lew, Myron, 1981. The distribution of some major

and trace elements in sediments of the Atlantic Ocean (DSDP samples). 2. The distribution of total, fixed and organic nitrogen. Chem. Geol., 33(3/4):225-235.

Analysis of 163 samples from 19 DSDP cores showed that fixed ammonium represented 18-96% of total N. Low C/N ratios were consistently related to high fixed ammonium concentrations. High C / N ratios were 'due to a preferential loss of N during diagenetic alteration of organic matter by micro- organisms.' Sediment C / N ratio ranged 1.8-12.3; when corrected for fixed ammonium, C / N ranged 4-22.3. Intevep, Los Teques, Edo. Miranda, Apdo. 76343, Caracas 1071, Venezuela. (mwf)

82:2194 Li, Yuan-Hui, 1981. Ultimate removal mechanisms of

elements from the ocean. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 45(10): 1659-1664.

Page 5: Chemical oceanography

OLR (1982) 29 (5) C. Chemical Oceanography 277

The surface complex formation model can ade- quately explain partitioning of most elements be- tween seawater and pelagic clays and between river water and river suspensates. Adsorption on the hydrous oxide surface of Fe and Mn oxides and clay minerals is the most important ultimate removal mechanism of most of the elements from the ocean. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA.

82:2195 Liu, Mingxing and Hongkan Gu, 1981. Concentra-

tions of some trace metal ions in interstitial waters from the East China Sea. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 12(1):53-60. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, People's Republic of China.

82:2196 Meyer-Reil, L.-A., 1981. Enzymatic decomposition of

proteins and carbohydrates in marine sediments: methodology and field observations during spring. Kieler Meeresforsch., 5: 311-317.

A Kiel Bight sediment station registered large increases in total organics, proteins and carbohy- drates in March, followed by decreases in April. Increases were attributed to decomposition of the algal spring bloom; during decomposition, a 'drastic shift' in the protein:carbohydrate ratio was ob- served. Initially depressed, microbial biomass rap- idly increased with nutrient availability in the sediments. Inst. fur Meereskunde an der Univ. Kiel, FRG. (sir)

82:2197 Peltzer, E.T. and J.L. Bada, 1981. Low molecular

weight a-hydroxy carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids in reducing marine sediments. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 45(10):1847-1854.

Concentrations and vertical distributions of the unambiguously detected glycolic, lactic, oxalic and succinic acids were measured in the top 10 m (0-2000 yrBP) of sediments in the Santa Barbara Basin and 2-170 m (0-400,000 yrBP) in the Cariaco Trench. Acid distribution appears due to microbial activity; early diagenesis of organic compounds is modelled. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.(mjj)

82:2198 Smillie, R.H., K. Hunter and Margaret Loutit, 1981.

Reduction of ehromium(Vl) by bacterially pro- duced hydrogen sulphide in a marine environ- ment. Wat. Res., 15(12):1351-1354.

Cr in both the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) states enters Otago Harbour, N.Z., in effluent; Cr(III) is precipitated

together with organic matter. Cr(VI), which might be expected to remain in the overlying water, instead is converted to Cr(III) by H2S diffusing into the water from bacteria in the sediment. Microbiol. Dept., Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

82:2199 Tanner, A.C. and R.A. Herbert, 1981. Nutrient

regeneration in maritime Antarctic sediments. Kieler Meeresforsch., 5.'390-395.

A 2-yr study to determine whether primary produc- tion was inorganic nutrient-limited and how rapidly water column nutrient balance was restored post phytoplankton bloom considered seasonality of denitrification and heterotrophic N-fixation rates; inorganic nutrient levels; phytoplankton popula- tions; and proteolytic, sulfate-reducing, denitrifying and total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. (isz)

82:2200 Tsunogai, Shizuo and Yasunori Watanabe, 1981.

Calcium in North Pacific waters and the effect of organic matter on the calcium-alkalinity relation. Geochem. J., 15(2):95-107.

Precise analyses of Bering Sea surface waters showed that 'alkalinity was controlled chiefly by formation and decomposition of organic matter rather than formation and dissolution of CaCO3'; this could not be demonstrated for the deep water of the northern North Pacific. Dept. of Chem., Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate 041, Japan. (mwf)

82:2201 Volkman, J.K., F.T. Gillan, R.B. Johns and G.

Eglinton, 1981. Sources of neutral lipids in a temperate intertidal sediment. Geochim. cos- mochim. Acta, 45(10):1817-1828.

Sterol, alcohol and ketone compositions in oxic, sandy intertidal sediments (Victoria, Australia) were examined and sources determined by comparison with lipids from diatom and Zostera muelleri cul- tures. Diatoms contributed most of the sterols; Zostera, the long-chain alcohols. Use of such data in paleoenvironmental reconstructions is discussed. Chem. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (mjj)

82:2202 Wallace, G.T. Jr., O.M. Mahoney, Rhonda Dul-

mage, Frank Storti and Nan Dudek, 1981. First-order removal of particulate alumlnlum in oceanic surface layers. Nature, Lond., 293(5835): 729-731.

Page 6: Chemical oceanography

278 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1982) 29 (5)

Vertical distribution of particulate A1 in the Gulf Stream is consistent with that expected if primary input were from the atmosphere and first-order removal occurred in the upper 100 m of the water column. Filter feeding, particularly by salps, may be responsible for calculated removal rates. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanography, P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, Ga. 31406, USA.

82:2203 Zhao, Yiyang, Chenghui Che, Huilan Yang and

Fengmei Jia, 1981. Geochemistry of Fe, Mn, Ti and P in seabed sediments of the Talwan Bank, China. Acta geol. sin., 55(2): 118-126. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanology, Acade- mia Sinica, People's Republic of China.

C210. Pollution (see also E300-Effects of pollution, and F250-Was te disposal)

82:2204 Aibulatov, N.A., I.A. Nemirovskaya and M.P.

Nesterova, 1981. Oil pollution peculiarities of the north Mrican shelf of the Mediterranean Sea. Okeanologiia, 21(5):831-835. (In Russian, Eng- lish abstract.)

82:2205 Ferreira, J.R., L.G. do Prado Filho and L.A.B. de

Castro, 1980. Some aspects of organochlorine pollution in the lagoon-estuarine region of Cana- nria, Brazil. Bolm Inst. Pesca, S Paulo, 7:103- 109. (In Portuguese, English abstract.) Bioqui- mica da Divisao de Pesca Maritima do Inst. de Pesca, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

82:2206 Lehr, W.J., M.S. Belen and H.M. Cekirge, 1981.

Simulated oil spills at two offshore fields in the Arabian Gulf. Computer model GULFSLIK n. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(11):371-374. Water and Environ. Div. Res. Inst., Univ. of Petrol. and Min., Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

82:2207 Loring, D.H., 1981. Potential hioavailability of metals

in eastern Canadian estuarine and coastal sedi- ments. Rapp. P.-v. R~,un. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 181:93-101.

Fractions of total amounts of Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr and V potentially available to biota are determined. Factors regulating availability include sediment texture, sedimentation rates, and anthropogenic

metal inputs. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. (mjj)

82:2208 Marchand, Michel, 1979/81. [Amoco Cadiz.] Sum-

mary of a colloquium held in Brest, November 1979, on the consequences of accidental hydro- carbon pollution. Publs Cent. natn. Exploit. Oceans, CNEXO, S~r. Rapp. scient, tech., 44:86pp. (In French.)

This French synthesis of a colloquium on the Amoco Cadiz is divided into 2 parts: pollution of the marine environment (petroleum composition; seawater, sediment and atmospheric contamination; hydro- carbon chemical evolution and biodegradation) and ecological impacts (intertidal, pelagic, subtidal, benthic, planktonic). A program for dealing with the aftermath of a spill is offered. CNEXO, Cent. Oceanol. Bretagne, B.P. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France. (isz)

82:2209 Martin, P., 1980. On the prediction of oil slick

movements in the South China Sea. Tech. Bull. Comm. Coord. j t Prospect. Miner. Resour. Asian offshore Areas, 13:45-54.

Oil slick drift was assumed to be influenced only by wind and currents. Direction and destination of drift varied closely with monsoon seasons. Oil was predicted to impinge various parts of the east coast of West Malaysia from October to April; from May to September, drift would be northeastward, away from the coast. Cote de la Serre-de Cazaux, 31800 Saint-Gaudens, France. (mwf)

82:2210 McLachlan, Anton and Beryl Harty, 1981. Effects of

oil on water filtration by exposed sandy beaches. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(11):374-378.

Laboratory experiments and in-situ measurements were applied to preliminarily assess the blocking or reducing of water filtration by oil on sandy beaches. Retardation of interstitial water flow and reduction of pore space varied with volume of oil, degree of weathering, location and admixture with sand. The most marked changes were noted where weathered oil layers were located near the surface in the upper tidal zone. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa. (hbf)

82:2211 Postma, H. (ed.), 1979/81. Sediment and pollution

interchange in shallow seas. Proceedings from an ICES workshop held in Texel, 24-26 September 1979. Rapp. P.-v. Rdun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 181:122pp; 12 papers.

Page 7: Chemical oceanography

OLR(1982)29(5) 279

Discussed were the North Sea's overall mass balance of suspended matter transport; sediment (and related pollutant) trapping, deposition, dispersal, distribution and size-related behavior; heavy metal associations in the German Bight; pollutants in inshore areas; metals in E. Canadian estuarine and coastal sediments; Kepone in James Estuary sedi- ments; and methods' standardization for sediment heavy metal analysis. (sir)

82:2212 Rae, J.E. and S.R. Aston, 1981. Mercury in coastal

and estuarine sediments of the northeastern Irish Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12(11):367-371.

Regional surface intertidal sediments have inputs of Hg-contaminated effluents from chlor-alkali facto- ties; localized Hg sediment contamination results for the Mersey Estuary agree well with others reported in the literature. Coastal sediments are much less contaminated than estuatine deposits; strong cor- relations among Hg concentration, total organic C and ~63 ~tm size fraction contents have been found. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Reading, Reading, RG6 2AB, UK.

82:2213 Skei, Jens, 1981. Dispersal and retention of pollutants

in Norwegian fjords. Rapp. P.-v. R~un. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 181:78-86.

Mechanisms which influence the transfer of metal pollutants derived from industrial effluents were examined in Sorfjord in western Norway. Dissolved metals were dispersed horizontally in a surface layer

and in a second layer of intermediate depth. A plume of particulates was the chief contributor of metals to bottom sediments. Sediments retained ~20-35% of the Zn and Pb, and ~85% of the Hg. Norwegian Inst. for Water Res., P.O. Box 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (hbf)

C240. Corrosion

82:2214 Strommen, Roe and Arild Rodland, 1981. Corrosion

surveillance of submarine pipelines by electric field strength monitoring. Mater. Perform., 20(10):47-53. CorrOcean Engrg. A/S, Trond- heim, Norway.

C280. Books, collections (general)

82:2215 Courtot, Pierre (organizer), 1978/79/80. IChemical

oceanography.] Colloquium 7-8 December 1978. Oceanis, 5(Suppl.):435-667; 32 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

Symposium discussions covered 4 topics: interface chemistry (air-sea trace metal transfer; films, foam, aerosols; suspensates; sediment-water geochemistry; euphotic zone pteridine photochemistry; geochem- ical markers; estuarine chemistry), organics (S cycle, planktonic C, prostaglandins, antibiotics, antifun- gals, antimitotics), methodology (determinations of 65Zn and 75Se adsorption, organic complexes, Hg, fatty acids, trace metals, urea) and seawater physico- chemistry (equation of state, major ion partial molal conductivity and volume). (isz)

D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

DIO. Apparatus and methods

82:2216 Berkhout, A.J., 1981. Wave field extrapolation

techniques in seismic migration, a tutorial. Geo- physics, 46(12): 1638-1656.

Relations among the Kirchhoff-summation ap- proach, plane-wave method and finite-difference technique for seismic modelling are discussed. With

the problem defined in the space-frequency domain, it is shown that Taylor series and the wave equation form the basis for all extrapolations. Deviations and uses of the 3 approaches are considered. Tech. Hogeschool Delft, Lab. voor Tech. Naturkunde, Postbus 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. (bas)

82:2217 Gol'mshtok, A.Ya. and L.I. Kogan, 1981. ldenti-


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