15-May-14 1 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Introduction to Engineering (ENG1501) Introducing the Chemical & Process Engineering Program (CHPE) Jamil Naser CHEMICAL ENGINEERING What is Chemical Engineering? In Chemical Engineering, the knowledge of math, chemistry and other sciences is applied to design and operate a chemical process. In a chemical process, raw materials are converted to useful products. Any chemical process has to be 2 Economic Safe Environmentally friendly
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Introduction to Engineering (ENG1501)
Introducing the
Chemical & Process
Engineering Program (CHPE)
Jamil Naser
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G What is Chemical Engineering?
� In Chemical Engineering, the
knowledge of math, chemistry and
other sciences is applied to design
and operate a chemical process.
� In a chemical process, raw materials
are converted to useful products.
� Any chemical process has to be
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�Economic�Safe�Environmentally friendly
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Chemical Engineers change RAW MATERIALS
into valuable PRODUCTS.
Rocks Cement
Crude Oil Fuels & Plastics
Sand Glass
Veg. Oil Soap & Detergents
Solid Waste Biofuel!
What Chemical Engineers can do?
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G Some of the products Chemical Engineers are involved in
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�Fuels (all kinds!)
�Chemicals (all kinds!)
�Petrochemicals
�Polymers
�Paints
�Detergents
�Pesticide.
�Synthetic rubber
�Cosmetics
�Cement
�Fertilizers
�Pharmaceuticals
� Food & Drinks.
�Batteries
� Pulp and paper
�And MUCH more!.
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G Some of the core courses in CHPE
�Principles of Chemical Processes.
�Thermodynamics.
�Fluid flow.
�Heat Transfer.
�Chemical Reaction Engineering.
�Unit Operations (Separations).
�Process Control.
�Plant & Process design.
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G Other courses ( Technical Electives)
�Natural Gas Processing
�Health, Safety and Environment
�Petroleum Refining
�Chemical Process Safety
�Heterogeneous Catalysis
�Desalination
�Polymers
�Special Topics.
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�CHPE students have to take Three technical elective courses from the above list.
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G Unit Operations in CHPE
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Distillation
Absorption
Stripping
Adsorption
Extraction
Leaching
Filtration
Crystallization
REACTOR
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G Unit operations in CHPE: Distillation
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� Distillation is the oldest and most common
separation technique in chemical engineering.
� It is used to separate a mixture of liquids based
on the difference between their boiling points.
� As the difference between the boiling points
increase separation will be easier.
� Example: a Mixture of Methanol (Tbp= 65 οC)
and water (Tbp= 100 οC) can be easily
separated by distillation.
� Low boiling point component will leave from the
top side of the column and the high boiling point
component from the bottom side of the column.
� The separation of crude oil to different fuel
products (Gasoline, Kerosene, diesel,…etc.) is
called fractionation.
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G Unit operations in CHPE: Absorption
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� Absorption (also called Scrubbing) is a process in which a contaminated gas stream is cleaned using a liquid stream that absorbs the contaminant from the gas stream.
� The reverse of the absorption process is called stripping, in
which a contaminated liquid is cleaned with a gas stream.
� The gas and the liquid are fed in opposite directions to contact each other in the absorption or stripping column.
� The gas stream is always fed from the bottom side while the liquid is always fed from to the top side. Why?
� Example: Removing of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas using alkali solution. (natural gas sweetening).
� The column is usually filled with packing material. Why?
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G Unit operations in CHPE: Extraction
� Extraction is the process in which a liquid (A) is separated from another liquid (B) using a third liquid (C).
� The idea is to use a liquid C (called solvent) such that the solubility of A in C is more than the solubility A in B.
� Because the solubility of A in C is more, then A will leave B and dissolve in C.
� After A is moved to C, liquid C has to be regenerated to be used again in the extraction process.
� Example: Separation of acetone from water using chloroform.
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G Unit operations in CHPE: Leaching
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� Leaching is the process of extracting a component
from a solid phase into a liquid phase (solvent).
� The concept is to bring the solid material that has a
component to be separated with contact with the
solvent.
� The component to be separated will dissolve in the
solvent and leave the solid material.
� Examples: Making vegetable oils from seeds.
� Can you think of any leaching process?
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G The Law of Conservation of Mass
� In any chemical process the law of conservation of mass has to be always observed and not violated.
�The law of conservation of mass states that “mass can neither be created nor destroyed”.
�Think about burning a piece of paper, if you weigh the remaining ash, will it be the same mass of the paper?.
