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Introduction What is a Chemical Hazard?

Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency.

Chemical Hazards

Physical

Health

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Chemical Hazards

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Chemical Hazards Pyrophoric

Flammable Chemicals

Combustible Chemicals

Oxidizers

Corrosive

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OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard

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OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect

employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work

setting.

Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard

Communication Standard requires that information and

training (i.e.,hazcom training) be provided to any employees

who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical

“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”

Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous

chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,

including:

Purpose The purpose of the standard is to

make sure that the hazards of

chemicals are evaluated

That information concerning their

hazards is communicated to

employers and employees

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Who is covered OSHA’s Hazard Communication

(HazCom) standard applies to general

industry, shipyard, marine terminals,

longshoring, and construction employment

and covers chemical manufacturers,

importers, employers, and employees

exposed to chemical hazards. Horizontal

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HazCom Requirements The hazardous chemical inventory

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Labels, tags or signs

The written Hazard Communication program

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Hazard Communication

Why? Reduce workplace injury and illness Regulation promulgated by OSHA Program must include:

Hazard determination methods Chemical inventory Chemical labeling procedures Safety Data Sheets (SDS) Employee training Written HazCom program

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Hazardous Chemicals

What are the hazards associated with chemicals?

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Physical Hazards

Flammable/Combustible Organic-metals

Explosives Corrosives Cryogenics

Compressed Gases

Health Hazards

Carcinogens Irritants Mutagens Teratogens Sensitizers Cryogenics Highly Toxic Target Organ Chemicals

Comparison of hazard pictograms

from the GHS & the corresponding

ADG Code class labels

Routes of Entry or Exposure How do chemicals attack the body?

Skin and or Eye Contact

Absorbed through skin or dissolve in eye fluids

Inhalation

Absorbed by breathing vapors, fumes, dust

Ingestion

Usually done accidentally

Clear chemicals confused with drinking water

Chemicals splashed in mouth

Injection

Needles, pipette tips, cannulas

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Detecting Exposure How do we know if we are exposed?

Smell

Taste

Physical symptoms

Changes in behavior

Air sampling

If you are unsure how to detect:

Check Safety Data Sheet

Contact Safety & Risk Services

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Exposure Response

How will we respond to chemical exposure?

Depends on many factors

Idenity of chemical

Concentration

Length of exposure

How exposed or route of exposure

Other:

Age/Gender/Weight

Level of fitness

Level of exertion

Specific allergies

Other chemicals in body (drugs, tobacco)

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Reducing Exposure How can we reduce employee exposure?

Identify hazard

Evaluate hazard

Eliminate hazard

Substitution

Process change

Control hazard

Personal Protective Equipment

Employee work practices

Minimization

Engineering controls

Ventilation

Isolation

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Training Tips: HazCom

What do I teach employees?

Training should be specific to area

Often called “Area Specific”

Employees should know about:

What chemicals are in area

Where chemicals are located

Hazard determination methods

Location of inventory & SDS’s

How to read SDS

How to read labels

What personal protective equipment to use

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Responsibilities: HazCom What are my responsibilities for HazCom?

Documents are in order:

Hazard Communication (HazCom) program available

Current chemical inventory

All chemicals have SDS and are available at all times

Coordinate HazCom training for employees

Record training and maintain on file

Be sure all chemical containers have chemical labels

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Background

The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a

simple concept--that employees have both a need and a

right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals

they are exposed to when working

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Background

They also need to know what protective measures are

available to prevent adverse effects from occurring

The HCS is designed to provide employees with the

information they need

MSDS

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Employers Employers are required to provide information to their

employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they

are exposed using:

A hazard communication program

labels and other forms of warnings

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

information and training

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Warehouse and Retail Operations In work operations where employees only handle

chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened

under normal conditions

Employers must only do the following:

Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not

defaced or removed

Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are

received with incoming shipments

Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

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Warehouse and Retail Operations

Provide employees with information and training (no written

program required) to the extent necessary to protect them

in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from

a sealed container

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Labeling Exemptions

Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements

for the following substances:

Pesticides

Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act

Foods or food additives

Distilled Spirits, tobacco

Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics

Hazardous wastes

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Employer Requirements- Written Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at

least:

Labels and other forms of warnings

Material Safety Data Sheets

Employee Information and Training

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Employer Requirements- Written Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at

least:

A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the

facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical

The methods the employer will use to inform employees

of the hazards non-routine tasks

The hazards of chemicals in

unlabeled pipes

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Multi-Employer Workplaces If employees of other employers could be exposed to

hazardous chemicals the program must include:

Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access

to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed

to

The methods used to inform other employers of any

precautionary measures to be taken for normal and

emergency situations

The employers chemical labeling system

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Consumer Products Exemption

Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product

Safety Act where the employer can show that:

It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended

The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure

which is not greater than the range of exposures that could

reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the

purpose intended

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Written Program Availability

The employer must make the written program available,

upon request, to:

Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than one location, the

program may be kept at the main location

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Labels, Tags and Markings The employer must ensure that each container of

hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged

or marked with the following:

Identity of the hazardous chemical

Appropriate hazard warnings

This above labeling information is required of the

manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the

original labels from the manufacturer are on all

containers and remain legible

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Chemical Labels

What must be on a chemical label?

All chemical containers must have labels

Manufacturer label usually appropriate

Label must include but not limited to:

Name of chemical

Name and address of manufacturer

Hazards associated with chemical

Many types of labels are commercially available

May use “homemade” label (chemical identity & hazards)

Use of hazard ratings on labels

https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3636.pdf

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Example: Chemical Label

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Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers

The employer is not required to label portable containers

into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from

labeled containers, and which are intended only for the

immediate use by the employee who performs the

transfer

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The employer need not affix new labels to

comply with the standard if existing labels

already covey the required information

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New Hazard Information Manufacturers, importers, distributors

and employers who become newly

aware of significant information

regarding chemical hazards shall:

Revise the labels for the chemical

within three months

Revise the MSDS for the chemical

within three months

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MSDS kept in other forms MSDS may be kept in any form including operating

procedures

It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a

process rather than individual hazardous chemicals

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Employee Information and Training

Employers must provide employees information

and training on hazardous chemicals in their work

area:

At the time of their initial assignment

Whenever a new physical or health hazard the

employees have not previously been trained about is

introduced into their work area

Training may cover categories of hazards

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Employee Information Employers must inform employees:

Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h)

Employee information and training.);

Any operations in their work area where hazardous

chemicals are present;

The location and availability of the

written hazard communication program

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Employee Training

Employee training shall include at least:

The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous

chemical in the work area

The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work

area

Measures employees can take to protect themselves

Details of the employers specific program

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Health Hazards Category A-Biological Agents

Category B-Physical Agents

Category C-Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents-This Discussion

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Chemical Health Effects

Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of

contact. Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions. Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific

body organs and systems. Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic

information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception.

Carcinogens: Cause cancer.

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Health Hazards Sensitizers

Target-Organ Chemicals

Reproductive Hazards

Carcinogens

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Health Hazards Irritants

Corrosives

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Corrosive Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue

Acids

Caustics (or bases)

pH Scale

1 14 7

Acids

Caustics

(or bases)

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Hepatotoxins Chemicals which produce liver damage

Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement

Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

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Nephrotoxins Chemicals which produce

kidney damage

Signs and Symptoms: Edema

Chemicals: Halogenated

Hydrocarbons, uranium

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Neurotoxins

Chemicals which produce their

primary toxic effects on the

nervous system

Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis,

behavioral changes, decreased

motor function

Chemicals: Mercury, carbon

disulfide, lead

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Agents which act on the blood

Decrease hemoglobin

function, deprive the body

tissues of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms:

Cyanosis, loss of

consciousness

Chemicals: Carbon monoxide,

cyanides

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Agents which damage the lungs

Chemicals which damage

pulmonary tissue

Signs and Symptoms:

Cough, tightness in the

chest, loss of breath

Chemicals: Asbestos, silica

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Reproductive toxins

Chemicals which damage

reproductive capabilities

Includes chromosomal damage

(mutations) and damage to

fetuses (teratogenesis)

Signs and Symptoms: Birth

defects, sterility

Chemicals: Lead 12/3/2016

Cutaneous hazards

Chemicals which effect the

dermal layer of the body

Signs and Symptoms:

Defatting of the skin,

rashes, irritation

Chemicals: Ketones,

chlorinated compounds

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Eye hazards Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity

Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage,

blurred vision, burning or irritation

Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives, Caustic

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

are one of the most important tools

available to employers for providing information,

and protection to workers from hazardous

chemicals which are used in the workplace.

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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

Identity of the chemical

Physical and chemical characteristics

Physical hazards

Chemical hazards

Primary routes of entry

PEL’s or other exposure limits

Control measures

Emergency procedures

Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens

precautions for safe handling and use

Date of preparation

Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

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CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

Emergency Management Prepare for and prevent emergencies

Fires

Spills/releases

Injuries

Emergency response must be part of basic work procedures and employees must be trained. Evacuation

Fire brigade

Spill response

Medical response

CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

Incident Investigations

All incidents, regardless of severity, must be investigated – and lessons learned used for prevention

Formal investigation of serious incidents

Accountability at all levels

Management of Plant at which incident occurred through employees and investigation team.

CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

Proper and Safe Chemical Management

Part of the facility culture

Part of every employee’s activity

Recognition of safety improvement

Safety is everyone’s responsibility.

Setting up a program The HCS covers both:

Physical hazards (such as flammability), and

Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)

Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard

potential, and thus will be covered by the rule

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Setting up a program One difference between this rule and many others adopted

by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented

That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to

the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow

specific, rigid requirements

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Setting up a program Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are

potentially hazardous

The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to

survey the workplace

Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes

Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are

being received before a material is used in the

workplace

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Identify hazardous chemicals Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous

chemicals in the workplace

Determine if you have received material safety data

sheets for all of them

If any are missing, contact your supplier and

request one

You should not allow employees to use any

chemicals for which you have not received an

MSDS

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Preparing and implementing a hazard communication program

All workplaces where employees are

exposed to hazardous chemicals must have

a written plan

The plan does not have to be lengthy or

complicated

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Employee training

If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you

may want to discuss each one individually

Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the

chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to

train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g.,

flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)

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Documentation

The rule does not require

employers to maintain records of

employee training, but many

employers choose to do so

This may help you monitor your

own program to ensure that all

employees are appropriately

trained

Hazard

Communication

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Recognizing Chemical Health Effects-What to Look for.

Symptoms appear while you are at work.

Symptoms get worse during the work week but go away when you are off.

Fellow employees have reported similar symptoms.

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Forms of Chemical Hazards Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and

Fumes.

Exposure Routes

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Control of Chemical Hazards and Exposures Engineering and Mechanical Controls

Personal Protective Equipment

Administrative and Procedural Controls

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Chemical Spill Response Requires Special Training

What can I do?

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Chemical Spill Response CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in professional emergency response personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)

Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR 1010.120

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Emergency Response Plan (ERP) ECC availability

Roles of individual defined

Trained First Aiders & Fire Fighters

Emergency Alarm

Communication

List of Emergency Telephone numbers

Emergency Equipments & PPE’s

Training & Mock Drill

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First Aid for Chemical Exposure Ingestion

Inhalation

Skin Contact

Eye Contact

Burns

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THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Regards

VASANT OAK

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