Date post: | 11-May-2015 |
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Lipids
• Triglycerides
• Waxes
• Steroids
• Phospholipids
Triglycerides - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Triglycerides - Examples
• Fats
• Oils
Triglycerides - Subunits
• 3 Fatty Acids
• Glycerol
Triglycerides - Functions
• Energy source – 9 Cal/g
• Insulation
• Secondary solvent of cells
Waxes - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Waxes - Examples
• Ear Wax
• Thin covering on plants
– Cutin
Waxes - Subunits
• 3 Fatty Acids
• Alcohol chain
Waxes - Functions
• Waterproofing
• Protection
Steroids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Steroids - Examples
• Hormones
• Cholesterol
Steroids - Subunits
• 4 carbon rings
Steroids - Functions
• Structural elements of cells
Phospholipids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Phospholipids - Example
• Cell Membrane
Phospholipids - Subunits
• 2 Fatty acids
• Glycerol
Phospholipids - Functions
• Forms a barrier around the cell
Proteins - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
Proteins - Examples• Insulin
– Regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats
• Hemoglobin– Iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells
• Albumin– Proteins that are found in egg white, blood serum, milk, and
many other animal and plant tissues
• Keratin– A tough, insoluble protein substance that makes up hair, nails,
horns, and hooves
• Enzymes
Proteins - Subunits
• Amino acids
– 2 amino acids
• Di-peptide
– 3 amino acids
• Tri-peptide
– Many peptides = Polypeptides
– Many polypeptides = Protein
Basic Amino Acid
Copy this picture to have in your notes.
Examples of Amino Acid. There are 20 different kinds. The R groups make each amino acid unique.
Proteins - Functions
• To build and for structures
• Enzymes are catalysts
• Secondary energy source – 4 Cal/g
EnzymesA Special Kind of Protein
• Example of proteins
• Characteristics
– Reusable
– Specific
– Act as a catalyst
• Speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Enzyme as a catalyst
This image shows how an enzyme is used to take a disaccharide and break it down to its monomers.
Please study this picture.
Nucleic Acids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous
Nucleic Acids - Examples
• DNA
• RNA
Nucleic Acids - Subunits
• Nucleotide
– Base
– Sugar
• Deoxyribose (DNA)
• Ribose (RNA)
– Phosphate
Nucleic Acids - Functions
• DNA
– Stores genetic information
• RNA
– Involved in protein synthesis
Using a new page in your composition book, take notes on following characteristics of
water.
Water - Elements
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• 2 H : 1 O
Water - Functions
• Major solvent of the cell
Water - Characteristics
• Polar
– Partial charge
• Cohesive
– Sticks to itself
– Water beads
• Adhesive
– Sticks to other things/surfaces