CHEMISTRY

GUIDING QUESTIONS

Why do some things go Ka-boom while others just go Pssssss?

If I burn something, does it get heavier or lighter?

What are the conditions necessary to speed up/slow down a reaction?

Elements and the Periodic Table

http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIlUXHZR3ZA&feature=related

2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM&feature=fvwrel They might be giants

ATOMIC NUMBER and MASS NUMBER

Atomic number

12

6C

Mass number

Number of protons (+)

Protons + Neutrons

Atomic Structure

Atom Molecule

Mixture Compound

Element

An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.

What are atoms?

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. A desk, the air, even you are made up of atoms!There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms.

An element is a substance made up of a single type of tiny particles called atoms.

Protons = ElectronsProtons = Atomic number Protons + Neutrons =

Mass Number Neutrons = Mass #

- Protons

AtomAtomic Number

Mass Number

No. of Electrons

No. of Protons

No. of Neutrons

Carbon

Oxygen

Chlorine

Lithium

Complete the following table:Element Atomic

NumberMass

Number(common isotope)

Number of protons

Number of electrons

Number of neutrons

Oxygen

Calcium

Nitrogen

Sodium

Aluminum

Complete the following table:Element Atomic

NumberAtomic mass

Mass Number

(common isotope)

Number of protons

Number of electrons

Number of neutrons

Oxygen 8 15.999 16 8 8 8

Calcium 20 40.08 40 20 20 20

Nitrogen 7 14.007 14 7 7 7

Sodium 11 22.99 23 11 11 12

Aluminum 13 26.98 27 13 13 14

Molecules are small groups (2 or more atoms) of atoms.

Compounds are pure substances made of 2 or more elements chemically joined together.

Magnesium Atoms

Oxygen Atoms

Molecules of magnesium oxide

Summaryelement element compound

atom atom molecule

Which are molecules and which are compounds?

Source: http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/pre/chemsci.html

A MIXTURE is a material made up of at least two substances which may be elements or compounds that are NOT chemically bonded .

Properties of Mixtures

• The composition of a mixture is variable. • Each of its components retains its

characteristic properties. • Its components are easily separated (e.g.

filtration, evaporation).

Which are mixtures and which are compounds?

• soil • ocean water (H20 + NaCl)

• air (O2 + N2 + CO2 + Ar)

• water (H2O) • table salt (NaCl) • Sugar (C12H22O12)

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mixtures.html

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