Chemistry keyword alphabet

Core

A

• Alloy-mixture of 2 metals• Atom-smallest part of an element• Alkane- saturated hydrocarbon• Alkene-unsaturated hydrocarbon• Atomic number- number of protons in an

element

B

• Biodegradable-Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms

• Biodiesel-fuel for cars made from plant oils• Biofuel-fuel made from animal or plant

products• Biomass-biological material from living or

recently living organisms• Blast furnace-huge reaction vessels used in

industry to extract metals from ores

C

• Calcium carbonate- Limestone/CaCO3• Cement-Heated limestone and clay• Concrete-a biulding material made by mixing

cement sand and aggregate• Covalent-bond between two non metals

D

• Displace- reaction where a less reactive metal replaces a more reactive metal

• Double bond- covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons

E

• Electron- tiny particle with a negative charge, they orbit on the outer shell of an atom

• Element- a substance made of one atom and found on the periodic table

F

• Fossil fuels- fuel obtained from long dead biological material

• Free electrons- electron that moves freely around a metal and is not held inside an atom

G

• Gas- a state of matter which is made from a liquid evaporating.

• Group- all elements in the periodic table are in a group from 1-7 and 0 which shows how many electrons are in the outer shell

H

• Hydrocarbon- compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

I

• Incomplete combustion- when fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.

• Ionic bond- the bond between a metal and a non metal

L

• Limewater- calcium hydroxide solution• Limestone- CaCO3/ calcium carbonate• Liquid- state of matter, in between gas and

solid

M

• Mass number- number of protons and neutrons in an element

• Mixture- when some elements or compounds are mixed together but do not react.

• Monomers- small reactive molecules that react together in repeating sequence to form a chain which is called a polymer

N

• Neutron- particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a neutral charge

• Nucleus- very small central part of an atom which contains neutrons and protons

O

• Ore- rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract metal

• Oxsidised- a reaction where oxygen is added or when electrons are lost from a substance

P

• Phtomining- the process of extraction of ores from metals using plants

• Polymer- a substance made from very large molecules of many repeating units eg polyethene.

• Polymerisation- the reaction of monomers to make a polymer

• Proton- positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

R

• Reactivity series- a list of elements in order of reactivity, most reactive is at the top.

S

• Saturated hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon with only single carbon-carbon bonds

• Shell- area in atom around nucleus where electrons are found

• Smelting- heating an ore to extract metal• Solid- state of matter made by freezing a liquid• Steel- alloy with small amounts of metals such

as carbon

S continued

• Sulfur dioxide- poisonous gas which causes acid rain.

• Speed- distance moved/time taken• Stainless steel- steel which does not rust

T

• Temperature- degree of hotness of a substance

• Thermal decomposition- break down of a compound by heat

• Transition metal- elements from the central block of the periodic table. Have typical metal properties and form coloured compounds.

U

• Unsaturated hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon with at least one carbon=carbon double bond

• Unsaturated oil- plant oil with at least one carbon=carbon double bond

V

• Vegetable oil- oil extracted from plants• Viscosity- resistance of a liquid to flowing/

how thick the liquid is

Ways to remember things

• Metal licked the bond, but ionic wanted both, covalent hated metals though.

• The more reactive man replaced the insensitive less reactive one!