+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The...

Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The...

Date post: 18-Jan-2016
Category:

Documents
Upload: jasmine-parker
View: 219 times
Download: 0 times
Download Report this document
Share this document with a friend
Popular Tags:
subtle chemical changes
complex chemical compounds
chemical changes2 h2g
physical property
energy changes
gas giants
high intermolecular
high degree of attraction
86
Chemistry Rev 012312
Transcript
Page 1: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Rev 012312

Page 2: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.
Page 3: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.
Page 4: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the

wavelengths of light became too long for us to see. And so the universe

appeared black.

Page 5: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Soon, particles began to form.

Quarks and electrons, and eventually protons and neutrons.

Page 6: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Eventually glowing clouds of hydrogen gas form, along with young stars.

Eventually glowing clouds of hydrogen gas form, along with young stars.

Page 7: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

You are here

Galaxies form

Page 8: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A small yellow star in the corner of the Milky Way Galaxy develops a following of rocky planets and gas giants.

Page 9: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

One planet in particular exhibits the potential for life.

Page 10: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

It has water and eventually develops oxygen

Page 11: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Earth is in the Goldilocks spot.

Everything is “just right” for …Everything is “just right” for …

Page 12: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Page 13: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Life abounds

Page 14: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Scientists have found complex chemical compounds throughout the universe.

Page 15: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Page 16: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

everything in the universe

is all about

Page 17: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Everything in the universe

MatterEnergy

is either

or

Page 18: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Matter

Energyand

are equivalent

E=mc2

Page 19: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

MatterEnergyE=mc2

Page 20: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

MatterEnergyE=mc2

Page 21: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Page 22: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

MatterIs anything that

has mass, and takes up space.

Page 23: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Matter

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Page 24: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties

… are all about chemical changes

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g)

Page 25: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.
Page 26: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.
Page 27: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.
Page 28: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g)

Hydrogen and oxygen are stored in the external fuel tank.They react to produce water vapor, which exits at the nozzles.

Page 29: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties3Al(s) + 3NH4ClO4(s)

In the solid rocket boosters (SRB’s) aluminum metal reacts with ammonium chlorate.

Al2O3(s) + AlCl3(s) + 3NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Page 30: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties3Al(s) + 3NH4ClO4(s)

And of course, heat is released.

Al2O3(s) + AlCl3(s) + 3NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Most chemical changes are accompanied by energy changes.

Page 31: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties

Flammability

… are those that influence the way substances react to form new substances.

Acidity

Reactivity

Page 32: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Physical Properties… are things we can measure….

mathematically

Page 33: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Physical PropertiesMass

VolumeDensity

Melting pointBoiling point

Physical properties are things we can quantify.

V

mD

Page 34: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

ColorOdor

HardnessMalleability

Ductility

Specific heat capacity

Physical Properties

Conductivity

Solubility

Page 35: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

There is a fine line between chemical changes and physical properties.

Many physical properties involve chemical changes.

The value of the solubility of a salt is a physical property, but the process of dissolving is a chemical change.

Page 36: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Matter… has three physical states

solidliquid

gas

Page 37: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Changes in the physical state involve subtle chemical changes.

solidliquid

gas

Page 38: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Energy is absorbed or released as intermolecular bonds are broken or formed.

solidliquid

gas

Page 39: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

The degree to which the molecules interact determines if a substance is a solid, liquid or gas.

solidliquid

gas

Page 40: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

In a solid, the molecules are close together in an orderly arrangement, with very high intermolecular attraction.

solidliquid

gas

Page 41: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

In a liquid the molecules are farther apart but move about in a random fashion, with a high degree of attraction.

solidliquid

gas

Page 42: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

In a gas, the molecules are much farther apart, move randomly, with very little attraction between molecules.

solidliquid

gas

Page 43: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Mattercan be classified as either a

mixture

pure substanceor

Page 44: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

pure substanceHas definite composition.

Compoundsor

Elements

Page 45: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

An element is one of the basic building blocks of nature.

There are 88 to 90 naturally occurring elements.

Page 46: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

An element is one of the basic building blocks of nature.

Elements are distinguished by the different numbers of

protons in their nuclei.

Page 47: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Elements are represented by symbols.

HN

OC

NeAl

FeU

Compounds are represented by groups of symbols.

NaCl H2O

C12H22O11

Fe2(SO4)3

Page 48: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A compound is the chemical combination of

two or more atoms.

Compounds have a definite composition.

Page 49: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Water is the same everywhere in the universe.

Water is always H2O.

There are no water molecules anywhere with a different composition.

Page 50: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Water is H2O. Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 and OH is the hydroxyl radical.

They contain the same elements, but in different ratios.

Water, hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical all have different chemical and physical properties.

Page 51: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Water is H2O. Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 and OH is the hydroxyl radical.

Demo: To two beakers each containing a solution of KMnO4, add equal amounts of water to one and H2O2 to the other.

To the solution of KMnO4 and water, add H2SO4 and then add H2O2, preferably on a magnetic stirrer.

Page 52: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What are some other elements that you are familiar with?

Do you know any more formulas for

chemical compounds?

Page 53: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

mixtureComposed of two or more pure substances with no definite composition.

Describe something that is a mixture.

Page 54: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

mixtureheterogeneous

homogeneous

See the individual components

Appears to be uniform

A solution is a homogeneous mixture.

Page 55: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A solution contains a solute and a solvent.

The solute is what is dissolved …. sugar.

The solvent is what does the dissolving - …..water.

Page 56: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Sugar and water are both pure substances.

C12H22O11 and H2O

They each have their own definite composition.

Page 57: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Sugar and water are both pure substances.

C12H22O11 and H2O

They can be mixed in almost any proportion to make a solution.

Page 58: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout.

Once dissolved, you won’t be able to see the sugar in the solution.

Page 59: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

But unlike a compound, the mixture can be easily separated back into water and sugar.

Suggest a method for doing that.

Page 60: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

But the water and sugar themselves cannot be separated into the elements by physical means.

To do that requires…

Page 61: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Page 62: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Let’s review

Page 63: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

How are matter and energy related?

Page 64: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Matter

Energyand

are equivalent

E=mc2

Page 65: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

How do we describe matter?

Page 66: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

MatterIs anything that

has mass, and takes up space.

Page 67: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What does matter consist of?

Page 68: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

MatterConsists of atoms

which combine to form molecules.

Page 69: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What are some properties of mater?

Page 70: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Matter

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Page 71: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemical Properties… are those that influence the way substances react to form new substances.

Flammability Acidity

Reactivity

Page 72: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Physical Properties… are things we can measure….

mathematically

Page 73: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What are some physical properties?

Page 74: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Physical PropertiesMass

VolumeDensity

Melting pointBoiling point

Phase changes are subtle chemical changes.

V

mD

Page 75: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

ColorOdor

HardnessMalleability

Ductility

Specific heat capacity

Physical Properties

Conductivity

Solubility

Page 76: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What are pure substances?

Page 77: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

pure substanceSomething that cannot be broken into simpler substances by physical means.

Compoundsor

Elements

Page 78: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What is a mixture?

Page 79: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

mixtureComposed of two or more pure substances with no definite composition.

Page 80: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

mixtureheterogeneous

homogeneous

See the individual components

Appears to be uniform

A solution is a homogeneous mixture.

Page 81: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What is a solution?

Page 82: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A solution contains a solute and a solvent.

The solute is what is dissolved - sugar.

The solvent is what does the dissolving - water.

Page 83: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

A solution is a homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout.

Once dissolved, you won’t be able to see the sugar in the solution.

Page 84: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

What is the study of matter and energy and the connection between the two?

Page 85: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Chemistry

Page 86: Chemistry Rev 012312 A singularity expanded rapidly to form the beginnings of our universe. The universe began to cool and the wavelengths of light.

Copyright 2012Mike Jones

Pisgah High SchoolCanton NC 28721All rights reserved.


Recommended
Quantum Gravity & the Very Early Universe - Strona głównath- · Quantum Gravity & the Very Early Universe ... ⋆ Is the Big-Bang singularity naturally resolved by quantum gravity?

Quantum Gravity & the Very Early Universe - Strona głównath- · Quantum Gravity & the Very Early Universe ... ⋆ Is the Big-Bang singularity naturally resolved by quantum gravity?

Documents

Cosmic Creation and Evolution The Cosmic Evolution of Matter of ... - The Living Universe · 2019-12-06 · Universe Without a Singularity, Guth Inflation, or the other Metaphysical

Cosmic Creation and Evolution The Cosmic Evolution of Matter of ... - The Living Universe · 2019-12-06 · Universe Without a Singularity, Guth Inflation, or the other Metaphysical

Documents

Singularity Boat

Singularity Boat

Documents

Big Bang kopia - SimpleSitedoccdn.simplesite.com/d/13/1d/284852684421078291/eae3eba1... · 2017. 2. 21. · Big Bang & Big Crunch The universe was created from the cosmic singularity

Big Bang kopia - SimpleSitedoccdn.simplesite.com/d/13/1d/284852684421078291/eae3eba1... · 2017. 2. 21. · Big Bang & Big Crunch The universe was created from the cosmic singularity

Documents

Singularity - easybuilders.github.ioeasybuilders.github.io/easybuild/files/EUM17/20170208-1_Singularity… · Singularity Workflow 1. Create image file $ sudo singularity create [image]

Singularity - easybuilders.github.ioeasybuilders.github.io/easybuild/files/EUM17/20170208-1_Singularity… · Singularity Workflow 1. Create image file $ sudo singularity create [image]

Documents

Evolution. Early Earth and Evolution A THEORY of the origins of the universe Big Bang When? -Approx. 13.5 Billion years ago expansion from singularity.

Evolution. Early Earth and Evolution A THEORY of the origins of the universe Big Bang When? -Approx. 13.5 Billion years ago expansion from singularity.

Documents

Jacobian matrix and singularity for 6DOF FanucLRMate200ic ...Jacobian matrix and singularity for 6DOF FanucLRMate200ic robot The Technology and Innovation • Singularity analysis

Jacobian matrix and singularity for 6DOF FanucLRMate200ic ...Jacobian matrix and singularity for 6DOF FanucLRMate200ic robot The Technology and Innovation • Singularity analysis

Documents

SharpeningTheLeading Singularity - arXiv · SharpeningTheLeading Singularity Freddy Cachazo1, ... leading singularity as the leading singularity itself. 3. We explain the method via

SharpeningTheLeading Singularity - arXiv · SharpeningTheLeading Singularity Freddy Cachazo1, ... leading singularity as the leading singularity itself. 3. We explain the method via

Documents

Singularity blues

Singularity blues

Documents

Status of Singularity Resolution in Loop Quantum Cosmologybcc.impan.pl/16SingGR/uploads/Singularity/Parampreet_Singh.pdf · Status of Singularity Resolution in Loop Quantum Cosmology

Status of Singularity Resolution in Loop Quantum Cosmologybcc.impan.pl/16SingGR/uploads/Singularity/Parampreet_Singh.pdf · Status of Singularity Resolution in Loop Quantum Cosmology

Documents

Vocabulary, 11/2 Big Bang- the leading scientific explanation about how the universe began; Universe started as a small singularity, then expanded over.

Vocabulary, 11/2 Big Bang- the leading scientific explanation about how the universe began; Universe started as a small singularity, then expanded over.

Documents

Singularity - FOSDEM · resources with Singularity Singularity Michael Bauer ... Hammer Carter Oakl Oak2 HOUI ... Singularity also allows you to leverage the resources of whatever

Singularity - FOSDEM · resources with Singularity Singularity Michael Bauer ... Hammer Carter Oakl Oak2 HOUI ... Singularity also allows you to leverage the resources of whatever

Documents

Strathprints Institutional Repository · 2014. 7. 2. · and Optical Physics, 65 (1). 012312-1-012312-12. ISSN 1050-2947. This version has been peer-reviewed, but does not include

Strathprints Institutional Repository · 2014. 7. 2. · and Optical Physics, 65 (1). 012312-1-012312-12. ISSN 1050-2947. This version has been peer-reviewed, but does not include

Documents

The Singularity is Far (Singularity U presentation by Bruce Damer Aug 2010)

The Singularity is Far (Singularity U presentation by Bruce Damer Aug 2010)

Health & Medicine

The Bible, Science and Creation - Heinz · PDF file‘inflation’ of early universe to cosmological sizes in ... Origin of the Universe b. ... More on the Big Bang Model Singularity

The Bible, Science and Creation - Heinz · PDF file‘inflation’ of early universe to cosmological sizes in ... Origin of the Universe b. ... More on the Big Bang Model Singularity

Documents

Bearden Shopper-News 012312

Bearden Shopper-News 012312

Documents

Social Effects by the Singularity -Pre-Singularity Era-

Social Effects by the Singularity -Pre-Singularity Era-

Technology

Singularity: Containers for High-Performance Computing singularity Nov21.pdf · Singularity: Containers for High-Performance Computing Grigory Shamov ... • “Untrusted” users

Singularity: Containers for High-Performance Computing singularity Nov21.pdf · Singularity: Containers for High-Performance Computing Grigory Shamov ... • “Untrusted” users

Documents